What is the cosmology of the unity of man and nature? How does it relate to the traditional culture of China?

How to understand China's world outlook of "harmony between man and nature"?

"The Unity of Heaven and Man" is an important concept in Yi-ology. Regarding the meaning of the concept, there are more than 200 kinds of materials in Sikuquanshu that clearly indicate "the unity of man and nature". It is found that the word "heaven" in "Heaven and Man in One" contains the following contents: 1. Heaven can have an inductive relationship with people; 2. Heaven is the existence that endows people with good fortune and bad fortune; 3. Heaven is the object that people fear and serve; 4. Heaven is the existence that dominates the fate of people and dynasties; 5. Heaven is the existence that endows people with benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. But today's people understand "heaven" as nature, and think that "harmony between man and nature" is the content of "harmony between man and nature", and there is nothing in it. "Harmony between man and nature" is to think about the universe and life problems with "the relationship between man and nature" as the center. It is a world outlook and cosmology, a way of thinking, and represents a realm of life worth pursuing. For example, the philosopher Feng Youlan divides the spiritual realm into natural realm, utilitarian realm, moral realm and heaven and earth realm, and the heaven and earth realm consciously as a member of the universe is the highest realm of life. Another example is the historian Qian Mu's view that "the view of harmony between man and nature" is the destination of China's thought.

"The most profound, profound and internal core of China's philosophy is the theory of" the unity of man and nature ",and its source is Laozi's Tao Te Ching, which is the" matching heaven "in this chapter (referring to Chapter 68), which is the unity of man and nature, not the unity of man and nature. It is the harmony between man and nature, not that man can conquer nature. Humans can only choose and' change' nature and adapt to nature according to the laws of nature (heaven) itself, and they must never appear as conquerors, arbitrarily take from nature and transform at will. " In view of this, many people of insight today earnestly call for: human beings to return to nature and return to the road. It is the inevitable trend of historical dialectics. (page 449-450 of Laozi's fax) The profound point of Laozi's thought of "matching heaven" lies in his high degree of rationality and self-consciousness, and then naturally matches "the way of man" with "the way of heaven", that is, the unity of man and nature, which is the highest criterion and life realm reached by ancient good doers. In this way, "the friendship between virtue and man", "heaven" and "man" all belong to Tao. In other words, as a result of "matching heaven", man and heaven are separated and opposed, integrated with heaven, and harmonious with heaven. "Heaven" and "man" belong to the highest realm of the avenue. "If you don't learn, you can learn from others and contribute to the nature of all things, but you dare not do it." (Chapter 64) Learn what the world doesn't learn, so as to avoid all human faults and help the nature of all things, and do whatever it takes! "Assisting the nature of all things" means conforming to the natural trend of all things and "letting nature take its course". "The potential becomes its success" is the result of "assistance". We can only "assist" the growth and development trend of all things, but we can't help them. "You can't do it blindly, you can't act rashly, you can't let it go passively, and you can't leave it to fate." (page 423 of Laozi's fax) "Assisting the nature of all things", everything is done according to the nature of "nature" and everything is done according to objective laws, so as to achieve the consistency of subjectivity and objectivity. Under the principle of "heaven" and "assisting the nature of all things", we should put things first, obey the objective truth, fully develop people's autonomy and give play to people's subjective initiative. Both "man" and "heaven" belong to the natural purpose of the avenue. "Know his male, keep his female, and flow for the world; For the world, constant virtue never leaves, and belongs to the baby. Know its white, keep its black, and be the world; For the world, Hengde is not specialized, but it belongs to infinity. Knowing its glory and keeping its shame is Amagai; For Amagai, Hengde is enough, and it is simple. " (Chapter 28) Knowing his male, keeping his female, and being dirty all day; As a stream in the world, eternal virtue will not be lost, it will return to the state of baby; Knowing its white and keeping its black has become a model for the world; Become a model of the world, eternal virtue will not be bad, and return to an infinite state. Knowing its glory, keeping its humiliation, becoming the world's Sichuan valley, becoming the world's Sichuan valley, eternal virtue will be enough, returning to simplicity and returning to the truth. Those who are good at Taoism should "know their men and guard their women", "know their white and guard their black" and "know their glory and guard their shame", and be good at governing men with women, white with black, and humiliation with honor, so as to grasp the comprehensiveness of everything, so as to be like the world's flow, the world's model and the world's valley. Ribbon, because of its weakness, feels inferior, while all rivers flow naturally, so that eternal virtue will not be lost, and it will return to the state of children and babies at the beginning of life, "perfection" and "harmony", and Yin and Yang are highly harmonious, thus being deeply rooted and lasting forever. Model, because of its stupidity, and the people naturally imitate it all the time, so that the eternal virtue is not bad, return to the road, the beginning of all things, the Covenant of preaching virtue, natural. Therefore, "lead an elephant, the world will do; Go without harm, install the platform. " (Chapter 35) Chuangu people, with their modesty, gather from a trickle, so that the eternal virtue will be sufficient, return to the avenue, and everything will be simple. Those who are good at Tao can return to the baby state because they can grasp the whole of Tao, thus realizing the ideal effect of consciously integrating nature with man and "man" and "heaven" returning together.