Confucius information

The profile of Confucius (55 1- 479) is called Zhong Ni.

Lu Qufu people. He is the founder of Confucianism in China.

He was also a great thinker and educator in ancient times. Confucianism is an outstanding school in the pre-Qin period.

After emperor Wu of Han dynasty

This school has achieved a relatively exclusive position in the ideological circle. China's ideological and cultural traditions for thousands of years are inseparable from Confucius' theory. Confucius' spiritual direction and theoretical proposition a. Confucius' ethics 1. Benevolence and loyalty are the core of Confucius' thought. Benevolence is the core of his thought and the center of all moral values. Feng Youlan pointed out that "benevolence" is "the true and harmonious expression of human nature". In Confucius' mind

Benevolence, as the virtue of governing righteousness, courtesy, loyalty and forgiveness, is the highest ideal.

It is also the highest standard of personal cultivation. Benevolence is based on the individual.

The way to love others is to love yourself and others. "Benevolence" in Confucius' mind

Coverage is very wide.

Including "filial piety", "loyalty", "courage", "courtesy" and "five virtues" (that is, respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit). "Loyalty and forgiveness" is the way to practice benevolence. loyal

That is, do your best (do your personal responsibility) and respect things (pay attention to cultivation)

Only in this way can "benevolence use its strength." As for "forgiveness", it means "putting yourself in others' shoes"

The negative meaning is that individuals should "do what they want them to do."

Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you "; The positive significance lies in "standing for yourself and others"

If you want to achieve it, you can achieve it. "2. Renli should reach the realm of" benevolence "

You need a gift. Confucius's "ceremony" means "order". Confucius advocated "ceremony" to regulate people's behavior.

Titan, monarch, father and son, friends, husband and wife, young and old, etc. In order to maintain social order

Confucius also pointed out that

Etiquette must conform to benevolence, otherwise it will become a mere formality.

Against the original intention of the ceremony. 3. Ren and Yi Kongren made it clear.

Benevolence exists in people's hearts.

If people can't tell right from wrong

Fall into sin

He put forward "righteousness". "righteousness"

That is, the direction of all behaviors that conform to "benevolence"

It means "black and white". However, the "righteousness" and "injustice" in Confucius' mouth are a question of whether or not.

objective reality

But directly let people go with the flow. Confucius had to admit that in one's life.

Save lives beyond human control. 4. Separation of righteousness and life-Confucius' restriction on objectivity

Never be negative.

But put forward the "separation of righteousness and life".

Resolutely not bound by "fate." Confucianism

It is in line with righteousness to rebuild the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty (that is, "Tao")

This is a "thing to do"

But whether this mission is successful or not,

It is an "objective fact"

It can't be changed by subjective efforts. What people can be responsible for.

Only in the value of right and wrong.

This is not a question of success or failure. The center of Confucius' "separation of righteousness and life" lies in "the official position of a gentleman"

Do as you wish; Tao can't do it.

I already know. "

It means that even if you know that the Tao may eventually be "no"

But try to conform to the principle of "benevolence and righteousness". So Confucius repeated? Don't be restricted by "destiny" (destiny, destiny)

We should "keep our word" instead of focusing on "success or failure". A. Confucius' religious thoughts 1. Stay away from ghosts and gods

Sacrificing gods like gods also means that Confucius seldom talks about "ghosts and gods".

& lt& lt said >> As recorded in the article, "Zi is silent: wonder, strength, chaos and spirit". Confucius advocated sacrifice.

It means to show sincere respect to ghosts and gods

As for the existence of ghosts and gods

You don't have to ask Therefore, he believes that ghosts and gods should be "respected"

Civil affairs should be put before sacred affairs.

The truth of ghosts and gods and death

No need to study it carefully. Confucius was interested in sacrifice.

Only? The role of transferring people in sacrifice. He said, "Sacrifice is like being here.

Sacrifice God as if he were there. I might as well sacrifice, if not sacrifice "? The function of regulating sacrifice is to "respect morality and reward merit." "

Be cautious and pursue the distance. "Sacrifice is human behavior.

I don't care if there is a real "God". A. Confucius' political theory 1. Rebuild the rites of rites

Confucius, the former king of France, pointed out that there must also be ritual behavior in politics.

Otherwise, the world can't be leveled. He said: "Zhou Jian is the second generation.

I am depressed, I am from Zhou. "So he advocated retro.

Take the beautiful world as the order of the masses.

He also advocated that "the law precedes the king"

I hope the world can restore the old views on Yao Shun, Tang, Wen, Wu and Wu. 2. Correcting the name "Correcting the name" corresponds to "rule by courtesy". "Correcting the name" means from the emperor to the common people.

Everyone should do his duty.

The name is the same as the reality. So everyone should do their duty.

Cannot be crossed.

Therefore, "Jun Jun, Minister, Father, Son" was put forward.

In order to get their proper names.

Do your duty. & lt& lt "The Analects of Confucius"; Say: "The name is irregular and the words are not smooth."

If you say it wrong, you can't do it.

If you can't do it, you can't be polite and happy.

Rites and music are not prosperous, and the criminal law is not correct.

If the criminal law fails, there is no way out. "Because the' real' is removed.

There is no "name"

Therefore, we must be pragmatic. Therefore, "correcting the name" is an important part of rebuilding social order. 3. Rule by Virtue and Benevolence Confucius proposed "Governing the country by virtue".

He said, "Be honest.

What about politics? It can't be straight

Like an honest man? And "be yourself"

Do it without orders; His body is not straight.

Although the order was not obeyed. "It can be seen that Confucius advocates moral civilization.

People think that rulers should "correct themselves and then correct others"

Governing the country by virtue

Reach the point of "ruling the country by virtue". Confucius also extended "benevolence" to politics.

Seeking the monarch and loving the people

Implement benevolent government. So Confucius opposed war.

Punishment. He thinks there is a way in the world.

There is no need to govern the country according to law.

Bitter rulers "cultivate one's morality and govern others"

lead by example

Teach the people

This country will rule. A. Confucius' view of education 1. Education has no class. Confucius advocated "education without class"

The object of education should not be divided into noble, humble, virtuous and foolish.

It's the same.

Created a precedent for civilian education. 2. Confucius teaches students in accordance with their aptitude.

Is teaching students in accordance with their aptitude modern? Adjust the educational principles of "adapting to individuality" and "focusing on inspiration". 3. Pay equal attention to learning and thinking in the attitude of learning.

Confucius attached equal importance to Zhang Xuesi.

Think that "learning without thinking is useless"

It is dangerous to think without studying. "

Pay attention to skill education.

Teaching students with six arts. 4. Balanced development of academic teaching

Confucius taught "writing, action, loyalty and faith".

And teach his disciples "poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music"

Therefore, Confucius' culture and education

It can be said that we attach importance to the balanced development of moral, intellectual, physical, social and aesthetic education. The influence of Confucius' theory on later generations (1) Politically, Confucius advocated "correcting the name"

? Adjust the monarch, ministers and sons

Each has its own name.

Do your best.

Then the world can be rectified. Later, Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian of the Han nationality, put forward the concept of "three cardinal guides and five permanents" with the help of the concept of "Jun Jun, minister, father and son"

Promote Hanwu's exclusive respect for Confucianism.

Vigorously advocate that the regime is above the people.

"Five ethics" has become a social tradition in China. B. in ethics, Confucius ruled the country with benevolence and filial piety.

The idea of loyalty and forgiveness.

It has been influencing China's political facilities and personal accomplishment since the Han Dynasty.

And later Mencius' people-oriented theory of "valuing the people and despising the monarch"

Therefore, the trend of Mencius and his post-China thought.

It can be said that it was greatly influenced by Confucius. In education, Confucius, as a declining aristocrat, "lectured in Xiu De".

Be the first person to give a private lecture.

And knowledge that used to be available only in temples.

Become an academic heritage shared by human society.

Advocate the atmosphere of academic popularization. Confucius advocated "teaching without class"

Great contribution to universal education. Confucius' teaching methods of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "paying equal attention to learning and thinking"

It also had a far-reaching impact on the education of later generations.

Therefore, it is honored as the "teacher of all ages." D. In terms of culture, Confucius once compiled > (Poetry, Music, Rites, Books, I Ching, Spring and Autumn Period).

It has made great contributions to the inheritance and spread of ancient culture in China. Confucius also taught his disciples "six arts" (ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and number).

Objective To cultivate a complete personality.

Confucius, named Qiu, was born in Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. Born in the winter of 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu), he died on the 11th of summer in 479 BC (the 16th year).

Lived 73 years.

There are no fewer than three thousand disciples. He was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' father, named Shu Lianggan, worked as a doctor in Lu. At the age of seventy-two, he married eighteen-year-old Yan Zhizai and gave birth to Confucius. When Confucius was three years old, Shu died and Yan moved to Lu Duque. Growing up in a difficult environment.

Reference: Confucius Reader

Confucius (55 1-479), surnamed Kong [1], was born in Qufu, Shandong Province, and was a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. He is the founder of Confucianism, which has been the mainstream theory of China culture since the Han Dynasty. Confucius and the Confucianism he founded had a far-reaching influence on neighboring countries such as ancient China and Korea, and were respected as teachers by later generations. Family background and life Confucius was a native of Shandong, and his ancestors were descendants of nobles and businessmen in Song Dynasty. If we combine the legend with the history of belief, the son of Kong's surname has a prominent pedigree. In the legendary era of the Five Emperors, there was a Jewish birth contract of the Wa family. Tang, a descendant of Qi, founded Shang Dynasty. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi, the ordinary brother of Feng Zhou, started in the Song Dynasty. Wei Chuan is located in his brother Wei Zhong. After Zhong Wei, the father of the fourth generation handed over the country to his younger brother Song Qing. Fu Cha's father, that is, the father of the fourth Confucius, Jia, "don't be a public official after V", hence the name Kong. Confucius' father, Jia III, stopped his uncle from running to Lu. Stop my uncle from giving birth, and give birth to Ge (named).

Reference:. qid=70070430023 19

9 Dog /7000 There are many things about Confucius.

Confucius (September 28th, 5565438 BC+0-479 BC), surnamed [1] Kong, was born in Qiulu (now Qufu, Shandong Province), a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. Confucius is the first master of Confucianism, the core theory of China culture, and a masterpiece of ancient China culture. Before his death, he was known as "the sage of heaven" and "the muduo of heaven". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later generations as the most holy (saint among saints), the most holy teacher and the eternal teacher. Confucius and his Confucianism have a profound influence on China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Vietnam, which are also called Confucian cultural circles. Confucius, together with Jesus, Sakyamuni and Socrates, is called the four great sages in the world.

Confucius (5565438 BC+0 ~ 479 BC) was the greatest thinker and educator in ancient China. Confucius, named, was born in the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,500 years ago. When he was three years old, his father died, and he and his mother lived a lonely life. Determined to learn Confucius was determined to learn when he was fifteen. He worked as a trumpeter, warehouse and ranch manager. He also made a special trip to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, to study the Book of Rites and called on Laozi, the founder of Taoism. When Confucius was thirty-five, he went to Qi to avoid chaos. After listening to Shao Le's words, he was completely immersed in the realm of perfect music and could not eat meat for three months. After Confucius' political achievements returned to Shandong, he became an official for a short time, and successively served as Xiao (in charge of engineering) and Si Kou (in charge of criminal law), creating obvious political achievements. After his fifties, Confucius traveled around the world for fourteen years, preaching etiquette everywhere. In his later years, he taught apprentices and lectured, teaching more than 3,000 students in his life, and more than 70 of them achieved their own careers. While teaching, Confucius also devoted himself to writing books, editing and sorting out books such as Poems, Books, Rites, Music, Zhouyi and Chunqiu. Until he died at 73. Later generations built Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest in memory of him.

Reference: chic/03010301a01/0301

Confucius (September 28th, 5565438 BC+0-479 BC), surnamed [1] Kong, was born in Qiulu (now Qufu, Shandong Province), a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. Confucius is the first master of Confucianism, the core theory of China culture, and a masterpiece of ancient China culture. Before his death, he was known as "the sage of heaven" and "the muduo of heaven". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later generations as the most holy (saint among saints), the most holy teacher and the eternal teacher. Confucius and his Confucianism have a profound influence on China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Vietnam, which are also called Confucian cultural circles. Confucius, together with Jesus, Sakyamuni and Socrates, is called the four great sages in the world. What is The Analects of Confucius? Confucius didn't write any works before his death. After his death, his students compiled his words and deeds and teachings into The Analects. 2

For more than 500 years, many remarks in The Analects of Confucius have become familiar proverbs or idioms, such as "never tire of learning, never tire of teaching", "never be ashamed to ask questions", "there must be a teacher in a threesome" and so on. Even the welcome word "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar" used in some tourist areas comes from ". Confucius (5565438 BC+0 ~ 479 BC) was the greatest thinker and educator in ancient China. Confucius, named, was born in the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,500 years ago. When he was three years old, his father died, and he and his mother lived a lonely life. Determined to learn Confucius was determined to learn when he was fifteen. He worked as a trumpeter, warehouse and ranch manager. He also made a special trip to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, to study the Book of Rites and called on Laozi, the founder of Taoism. When Confucius was thirty-five, he went to Qi to avoid chaos. After listening to Shao Le's words, he was completely immersed in the realm of perfect music and could not eat meat for three months.

Reference: Wikipedia Museum/1201201d 311d 31museum/030103000.

During the Spring and Autumn Period of The Biography of Confucius, there was a man named Qiu in a city in Shandong (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong). Born in 55 1 year BC, died in 479 BC. He was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was originally a nobleman in the Song Dynasty, ranking behind his younger brother Wei. Jia, the father of the sixth Zukong, was killed because of civil strife, and his son fled to Lu. Later generations took Kong as their surname. Confucius' father, named Shu Lianggan, worked as a doctor in Lu. At the age of seventy-two, he married eighteen-year-old Yan Zhizai and gave birth to Confucius. When Confucius was three years old, Shu died and Yan moved to Lu Duque. Confucius grew up in a difficult environment and devoted himself to the pursuit of knowledge with the spirit of "not having enough to eat and not having enough to live". He learns from an ordinary teacher, is eager to learn from others, and is not shy about asking questions. Around the age of thirty, Confucius has learned something; Proficient in the six arts of "courtesy, music, shooting, defense, calligraphy and counting". Confucius advocated "the benevolent loves others", emphasized the "ceremony" system and advocated "the mean". He founded a private school at an early age and became a pioneer and representative of it. According to legend, there are three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. Therefore, future generations respectfully call him "the model of all ages" and "the most holy teacher". Confucius traveled around the world and lobbied governors. Despite repeated setbacks, he never wavered. In his later years, he compiled some important documents and classics, such as poems, books, rituals, changes, music, spring and autumn, etc., which made the ancient culture of China spread through the ages and shine. His main thoughts and remarks are preserved in The Analects of Confucius. 2008-02-1413: 00: 04 Supplement: For brevity, please refer to the first paragraph. You can add the rest only if you think it is necessary.

Reference: Ta Kung Pao/News/07/10/03/GW-803816