Culture and Art in Longzhou County

There is a saying among the people: "When a big drama (Cantonese opera) comes to power, it is necessary to set the tone; A bamboo raft was put under the ground, and the tea-picking team came. "This means that music performance can't be elegant. Before the Quyi class was invited to perform, the local people raised money, borrowed wood and donated materials to build the Quyi stage. Its specifications are: 5 feet high, 65,438+02 feet long and 65,438+02 feet wide, and the background is surrounded by bamboo poles about 3 feet. If continuous performances are needed, the top of the stage should be covered with bamboo poles to prevent actors and musical instruments from getting wet by light rain or dew.

theatre

Xinlong Theater: Xinlong Theater (now where the printing factory is located) was jointly invested and built by local officials and businessmen. Built at the end of Guangxu (1908), it is the earliest theater in Longzhou. With a total construction area of 450 square meters, it can accommodate 800 spectators. 24 years of demolition.

He Long Theatre: Located on the south side of He Long Bridge. In the 8th year of the Republic of China (19 19), it was built by "Ten Guilds" in Guangxi. Its architectural design and area are basically the same as those of Xinlong Theater, and it is the theater that accepts the most foreign troupes. In 22 years of the Republic of China, in 65438+ 10, when Guangzhou Wangxingbo Troupe performed the drama "The Eye of God Curses the East Official", the back wall of Zouma Building collapsed because of the audience's heckling, causing many deaths and injuries, and reopened the next year. In the early days of liberation, the county government allocated funds for reconstruction. 1952, the county people's government allocated more than 300,000 yuan to demolish all the original theaters and build a new Longzhou Theater with more than 200 seats.

Longjiang Theater: 17 years, built by Guangdong Yuedong Guild Hall, with 600 seats, behind the former site of the existing leather factory, which was demolished in 32 years.

Taiping Theater: 18 (1929), several shops in Kangping Street were rebuilt by Longzhou businessmen Wei Guangda and Zhou Guanwen, which can accommodate 400 to 500 people. In 37, the theater was changed to pavement management.

Shuangxi Theater: In 19, the local government was forced to accept the condemnation of public opinion and banned the Shuangxi brothel opened under Baisha Wharf. The owner moved the dismantled straw mat bamboo shed to the shore (now a local product company) to build a theater. The name of the theater is still called "Double Happiness", which can accommodate 500 spectators. He has successively performed many Cantonese operas and Guangxi operas. However, due to local bias, it became increasingly cold, and it naturally collapsed after a few years.

Xinsheng Theater: Built in 37 years of the Republic of China, it is located in the former site of Lianghu Hall (now a cinema) in Longjiang Street, and it is the last theater invested by Longzhou businessmen. 600 seats, took two or three mountain classes to perform. From 1950 to 10, Shengli Cantonese Opera Troupe (now the predecessor of Baise Cantonese Opera Troupe) returned to Longzhou from Vietnam and performed in the hospital for a period of time. The theater collapsed on 1953, and the county government allocated funds to transform it into an open-air cinema in the same year.

Shang Jin Entertainment Stage: Built in the center of Shang Jin Street 3 1. There is no fence or ventilation around the stage. The stage is separated by a layer of wood, leaving two entrances and exits in the middle, forming two two-way stages before and after. The stage is 6.66 meters wide; Length 13.32 m, height 4.98 m, and all the countertops are covered with boards. Under the stage is a 1.8-meter-high passage with pork platforms on both sides. Sometimes, singing opera on stage and selling pork under stage are fun. The platform was dismantled on 1966.

Xia Dong Guandi Temple Stage: Built in the Republic of China 15 (1926), it is a temple stage for offering sacrifices to gods and acting, covering an area of about 50 square meters; The stage is about 4 meters high, 6 meters wide and 8 meters long. Due to disrepair, the stage was damaged at 1954. 1956, the township government allocated funds to build a simple stage in situ, surrounded by walls, which is the only open-air theater in Xia Dong Township. 1 984 65438+1October1frozen cinema (800 seats) was built and officially opened here.

Shuikou Ciqin Garden Stage: In February 1 year, Guangxi Governor Tan (Shuikou) allocated special funds from Guangzhou to build it on the side of Shuikou Street, with an area of about 80 square meters, a width of about 8 meters, a length of about 10 meter and a podium height of about1meter. The left and right walls are gables, separated by a 3-meter-high wall, which divides the stage into two parts, the front desk is made of cement and the background is paved with wooden boards. The acoustics on the stage are very good. Above the stage, there is a one-meter-long horizontal plaque with three golden characters "Ciqin Garden" engraved on the red background. The stage collapsed, 1978 was demolished. Yongxi

In the 6th year of the Republic of China (19 17), Guangxi's famous yongxi military and civilian music and drama club came to perform in Longzhou Xinlong Theater and left Longzhou about 13. Since then, Yong Opera has become one of the popular folk operas in urban and rural areas of Longzhou. After liberation, because Xinfeng Cantonese Opera Troupe moved to Longzhou to settle down, Cantonese Opera gradually replaced Yong Opera, which made this ancient opera gradually disappear among the masses.

Guangdong opera

Cantonese opera is the second kind of opera introduced into Longzhou after Yong Opera. On the fourth day of the 10th lunar month in the 5th year of the Republic of China, Guangdong Nanhai Red Boat Class was invited to participate in the performance on the birthday of "Banshi Niangniang". Since then, Cantonese opera has been introduced into Longzhou.

1952 In May, Xinfeng Cantonese Opera Troupe came to settle in Longzhou from Lesi County (now Ningming Haiyuan) and changed its name to Longzhou Cantonese Opera Troupe. From 1952 to 1964, the troupe toured more than 200 performances in this county and other places, with modern and modern dramas accounting for a certain proportion. The group was abolished during the Cultural Revolution. The cast members were dispersed to the countryside to jump the queue and settle down. Since then, the amateur Cantonese opera teams in Longzhou, Shang Jin, Xia Dong and Shuikou have disintegrated one after another, and Cantonese opera has almost disappeared.

After smashing the "four-person country", the art of traditional Chinese opera gained a new life. From 1978 to 1980, Longzhou Town has successively established three amateur performance teams.

Cai Diao

It is one of the main folk operas in this county, popular in the vast rural areas and one of the art forms loved by people of all ethnic groups. According to the reputation of old artists, this tune was organized by He Jiaen in the winter of the 31st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1905), and it was the earliest tune in Longzhou. Master Zhu (Yishan) and Master Liang (Guilin) were invited in the class. Because Quyi artists go from village to village to teach skills and learn tunes, Quju has become a common practice in Longzhou rural areas for a time. On festive days such as festivals, singing and climbing, temple fairs to worship the gods, and bumper harvests in Qingfeng, people from all villages in the plain volunteered to raise money, donate money, set up a stage and invite the villages to perform in a free combination. This kind of activity, often from the beginning of the Lunar New Year to the end of the Lantern Festival, has become a traditional custom.

According to Quyi artists, Quju is popular in 13 townships in the county, especially in Jukou, Qincun, Jia Lian and Jiang Na and Tuosi in Shang Jin townships, Chunxiu and Zuozhuang in Xia Dong townships, Luo Hui and Yao doctors in Shuikou townships, general talents in Wude townships, Tuomin in Qiaobin townships, and Dushui and Hujiao in Shangjiang townships.