The Historical Origin of Yangjiabu New Year Pictures in Weifang

Yangjiabu woodblock New Year Pictures is one of the three largest woodblock New Year Pictures in China, which is as famous as Yangliuqing New Year Pictures in Suzhou Taohuawu New Year Pictures. Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures originated in Yangjiabu Village, Sanhuali, south of Hanting, and most of the practitioners are descendants of Yangjia. According to the careful excavation and investigation of Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures Institute for many years, the following points are preliminarily identified: First, according to Yangjiapu (the collection of Hanting Archives), the Yangjia originated in Zitong County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and moved to the west bank of Longshui during the Hongwu period of the previous Ming Dynasty. Qin Long changed to Xigang (now the former site of Yangjiabu Village in Xiyang) because of the flood in two years. According to the textual research of Hanting Place Names, Xiyangjiabu is a village that Yang moved in and built, and the origin of Yangjiabu New Year pictures should not be earlier than the time when Yang moved in and built. Secondly, according to Yang's genealogy, more than ten painting shops such as Dashun, Changxing and Jixing were established in the Ming Dynasty. Thirdly, it is difficult to study the early situation of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures. Yang's genealogy and other existing objects moved to Xibuli village in the second year of Long, which has been more than 430 years since. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it had developed to a considerable scale, and the most new year pictures were door gods and kitchen gods. For example, Dashun painting shop was gradually developed during Jiaqing years. During the Daoguang period, Dashun was famous for printing the "Door God" (a whole piece of paper) needed by the people in Northeast China, and was called Guandong Village. There were also Juzhou Village, Yizhou Village and Jiaozhou Village which printed the "Door God". During the development of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures, several generations of folk artists who were born and raised have absorbed the rich nutrition of the excellent cultural heritage of the motherland, and adapted to the woodblock color matching and manual production methods according to farmers' wishes, requirements and appreciation habits, and have grown and matured day by day.

The traditional Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures are mostly drawn, carved and printed by artists themselves, in the form of small horizontal shawls, square tribute notes, prayer lanterns, vases and various gods. During the years of Qing Qianlong and Jiaqing, ten busy men and ten busy women and other New Year pictures reflecting the productive labor at that time were created. From Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty to Guangxu period, there appeared themes that reflected politics, customs, satire, humor, stories, operas and flowers and birds, such as Boxers, canned Japanese ghosts, temple fair genre painting April 18th, Blind Wife Stepping on Tofu Burden, Beating Mother-in-law into a Donkey, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and so on. At this time, there are many genres of New Year pictures. In a farm yard, from the gate to the kang, from the grain store to the cowshed, there are specific contents and forms for posting New Year pictures.

During Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Tianjin Yangliuqing half-printed and half-painted New Year pictures were introduced and gradually merged with Yangjiabu New Year pictures, which expanded the creative style of Yangjiabu New Year pictures, enriched the content and increased the variety, and became an integral part of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures.

From 1862 to 1908 (from the early years of Tongzhi to the late years of Guangxu), Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures reached their peak. There are more than 100 painting shops in Xiyangjiabu, and more than a dozen nearby villages have also opened painting shops, producing more than 200 kinds of New Year pictures. Every year, about 5,000 art dealers and vendors come and go to the western ports. Products are not only sold to all parts of Shandong, but also exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, Northeast China and other places. Some painting shops also open villages in other places to sell paintings. During this period, there were also professional painting shops, such as Dongdashun, a door painting shop specializing in Northeast China, Xilu Village, which specializes in traditional New Year pictures, and Jiaozhou Village, which specializes in printing "horizontal stripes", "foreign stripes" and "kitchen horses".

In the early years of the Republic of China, there were more than 60 Western Jiabu painting shops/KLOC-0. After 1922, lithographic New Year pictures and monthly brand New Year pictures rose, but the sales of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures suddenly declined.

1937 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, the Japanese army repeatedly went to Yangjiabu to burn, kill and plunder, and the market closed. 100 many painting shops closed down. By the eve of liberation, Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures had been completely destroyed.

1951110/0. In October, the Shandong New Year Pictures Task Force was stationed in Yangjiabu, carrying out the instructions of the Central Ministry of Culture and the General Administration of Publishing on strengthening the work of New Year Pictures, holding exhibitions of old and new New Year Pictures, creating New Year Pictures with artists, helping to resume printing production and establishing Yangjia.

1952, 10 In June, the East China Ministry of Culture and the Shandong Provincial Bureau of Culture organized a task force of 17 people, and held a working conference on Shandong New Year Pictures in Jiabu, Dongyang, attended by artists, industry representatives and government representatives from Weifang, Qingdao, Jinan and Xuzhou. The meeting discussed the reform of New Year Pictures and formally established Yangjiabu New Year Pictures Improvement Committee. In the same year, the 16 New Year Picture Making Mutual Aid Group was organized, and 400,000 New Year Pictures were printed.

1953- 1958, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Culture and Shandong Federation of Literary and Art Circles organized art experts, scholars and New Year pictures teams to study in Yangjiabu, and carried out new year pictures reform and innovation activities, which played an important role in the development of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures.

1963, "Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Painting Society" was established. Later, due to the "Cultural Revolution", the production of New Year pictures was stopped, and most of the materials and original versions of New Year pictures were destroyed. MOJ\5Kz！ %

1976, after Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary group was crushed, Hua, head of the Art Department of the Ministry of Culture, proposed "restoring Weifang folk woodblock New Year pictures" and suggested organizing creation and exhibitions in Beijing.

In July, 1977, the provincial cultural bureau sent experts to Weifang to hold a New Year painting class. 65438+ In February of the same year, Shandong Provincial Cultural Bureau formed the Weifang New Year Pictures Exhibition Group in Beijing.

From February 4th to 26th, 1978, New Year pictures were exhibited in China Art Museum. Exhibited works 126 pieces (157 pieces), of which 74 pieces (97 pieces) are from Changwei area. The Minister of Culture personally visited the exhibition, and Hua, China Artists Association President and literary theorists attended the exhibition. I watched the exhibition and spoke highly of it. The Ministry of Culture also invited more than 65,438,000 ambassadors, agents, ministers and counsellors from 44 countries to visit the exhibition. Art magazine and China Art Museum invited Beijing New Year painters, artists, art theorists and newspaper reporters to have a discussion respectively. Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily and Guangming Daily all published news, comments and works for this purpose. The special issue of Art magazine introduced the woodblock New Year Pictures of Yangjiabu in Weifang, and Shandong People's Publishing House published the New Year Pictures of Weifang in Shandong. After the exhibition in Beijing, he went to Sichuan, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Nanjing for exhibition tour. In the end, 27 New Year pictures were selected as national exhibits by the Foreign Exhibition Company of the Ministry of Culture.

1978, Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures Society resumed. The New Year Painting Society excavates, sorts out and restores the New Year pictures, and trains talents in painting, sculpture, printing and mounting by holding classes and bringing the old with the new. 700,000 New Year pictures were printed that year.

1979, "yangjiabu? Woodblock New Year Pictures Society was changed to Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures Research Institute. 1980 65438+1from October 30th to April 30th 10 The joint exhibition of Tianjin Yangliuqing, Wei County Yangjiabu and Suzhou Taohuawu woodblock New Year Pictures was held. The joint exhibition is mainly based on new works from three places, with some historical materials, *** 185 pieces. Among them, 5 1 piece was added in Shandong. 14 historical materials. From April 7th to 10, Suzhou New Year Pictures Symposium was held. People's Daily and China Youth and Art magazine published pictorial and news.

1985, the institute collected more than 280 kinds of paintings and more than 200 sets of original paintings, edited Selected Materials of Yangjiabu New Year Pictures and the first and second episodes of New Year Pictures, bound full-color and thread-bound books, and sold them to Japan, the United States, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and other countries. From 1979 to 1985, more than 30 groups of friends from Japan, the United States, France, Denmark, Sweden, Australia, Austria, Indonesia and African countries visited Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Picture Research Institute, with more than 100 people, "Alpine Folk Art" and "Cai Heping Co., Ltd." in Hong Kong and Macao.

65438-0990, Weifang Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Shandong Fine Arts Publishing House, Sichuan Popular Art Museum, Chengdu Popular Art Museum, Sichuan Fine Arts Publishing House and Chengdu New Year Pictures Research Association jointly held the "Shandong Weifang and Sichuan Mianzhu New Year Pictures Joint Exhibition" in Chengdu in May, and held a series of academic exchanges and observation activities. In July, it was moved to Weifang for exhibition. During the exhibition, the Sichuan New Year Pictures Art Delegation held many academic exchanges with its peers in Weifang, and visited and inspected the origin of Yangjiabu New Year Pictures.

However, Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures are also worrying. On the one hand, the theme of New Year pictures lacks originality, on the other hand, except for a few surviving old artists, there are few successors who can systematically and truly master the skills and essence of woodblock New Year pictures, which will directly affect the future development and survival of Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year pictures. Therefore, the rescue project of folk culture should be started as soon as possible to create a good environment for the protection and development of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, this heritage was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 5, 2007, Yang Luoshu of Weifang City, Shandong Province was recognized as the representative inheritor of this cultural heritage project by the Ministry of Culture and included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.