What is the comprehensive utilization of medicinal plants?

(Lv Ruimian)

China's medicinal plants are rich in resources, to carry out the comprehensive utilization of a broad future. Ancient working people have long known that different medicinal parts have different therapeutic effects, such as the use of tangerine complexes, Qi, phlegm, tangerine kernel knot pain, tangerine peel spleen, and so on. Another example is "compendium of materia medica" records the medicinal use of wolfberry, spring picking wolfberry leaves for the sky essence of grass, summer picking wolfberry flowers for the everlasting flowers, autumn picking wolfberry fruit for wolfberry. With the development of modern pharmaceutical science, gradually expanding the medicinal parts of medicinal plants, for example, the oil extracted from the kernel of Schisandra chinensis fruit for the treatment of hepatitis has a certain therapeutic effect, Huanglian and Sjogren's whiskers contain the same ingredients as the main root, are therapeutic effect, and so on.

I, the significance of comprehensive utilization

(a) the full development and utilization of medicinal resources, waste into treasure

Per traditional medicine, most of the herbs are only a part of the medicine, the rest are abandoned, such as ginseng with the root of the medicine, but do not know that the fresh ginseng fruit ginseng saponins up to 0.9-1.0%, which contains Re Ginsenoside is higher, has the effect of lowering blood lipids and cholesterol, in recent years will be ginseng fruit collection, used in pharmaceuticals and the system of ginseng fruit wine. Another example is the leaf of ginseng can be extracted volatile oil, Huanglian stem and leaf can be extracted alkaloids, etc., expanding the source of medicine, increasing the economic benefits.

(B) is conducive to the protection of wild resources

China's wild resources are very rich, but the exploitation and utilization of the year by year, some of the wild precious herbs, such as the prickly pear, due to the large number of excavation, the diminishing resources. After analyzing the ground part of the spikenard also contains saponins and flavonoids, if the excavation to stay root, only take the ground part, you can protect this precious resource. Other roots and rhizomes, such as attention to the ground part of the comprehensive utilization of research, less digging the root system, can reduce the destruction of resources, is conducive to the protection of wild resources.

(C) increase the economic benefits

Some perennial medicinal herbs have a long growth period, such as ginseng to 6-8 years, ginseng needs 12-15 years, American ginseng to 4-6 years, panax ginseng needs 3-4 years, etc., the investment is large, the effect is slow. If the ground part of the collection every year plus work for medicinal purposes, the year can have income.

But the comprehensive utilization must be established on the basis of science, there are different parts of the plant, chemical composition and medicinal properties are different, it can not be blindly applied.

Two, the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of medicinal plants

To carry out the comprehensive utilization of medicinal plants to have a scientific basis and conditions, according to the Ministry of Health in July 1985, issued by the "Drug Administration Law" regulations, need to be done pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, toxicology and clinical trials, etc., to prove that the nature of the traditional parts of the medicinal properties of the same or a new medicinal value, and then by certain approval procedures, before you can Development and utilization, can not blindly use a certain part of the medicine, to prevent ineffective drugs or fake drugs.

Since the last decade, many scholars have conducted systematic researches on ginseng, American ginseng, Panax ginseng, sea buckthorn, prickly pear, hawthorn leaf, ginkgo biloba, etc. For example, the comprehensive utilization and development of ginseng above ground has been carried out. For example, the comprehensive utilization of ginseng above ground has developed a series of new products with more pharmacological data, and the contents of ginsenosides in different parts are shown in Table 11-2 and 3.

Table 11-2 Analytical results of ginseng total saponins (unit: %)

Table 11-3 Processing of ginseng by-products Ginsenoside content

From Table 11-2, 3, ginseng buds, fruits, leaves contain ginsenoside higher than the main root, ginseng leaves and fruits saponins have been listed as medicinal treatment of coronary heart disease, the efficacy of the steam ginseng water can be made into ginseng beer and so on. Processing sugar ginseng water can make ginseng wine heart sugar, ginseng dregs can be extracted ginseng polysaccharide, enhance immune function.

In recent years, sea buckthorn has made systematic development research and achieved remarkable results, sea buckthorn fruit contains carotene, VE, Vc, flavonoids, dry leaves and fruit residue also contain flavonoids, anti-inflammatory, cough, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the seeds contain 9.5% oil, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects. The seed residue after de-oiled is rich in protein and can be considered as feed, based on which a series of products have been developed.

The bark of Eucommia bark is an important traditional Chinese medicine with various therapeutic effects, and the peeled tree is easy to die. After a comparative pharmacochemical study of its leaves and bark, it was found that the two chemical compositions are similar (Table 11-4), both of which have antihypertensive and antimyocardial hypoxia effects.

Table 11-4 Analytical results of leaves and bark of Cortex Eucommiae (unit: %)

So the leaves of Cortex Eucommiae can be considered as substitutes for expanding the source of medicines and protecting Cortex Eucommiae trees.

Pollen is rich in nutrients, such as protein, amino acid, sugar, vitamin, hormone, enzyme and trace element. It also contains resin, flavonoids, ether lipids, terpene derivatives, beeswax, carotenoids and so on. Pollen can strengthen hematopoietic function, protect the cardiovascular system, improve the immune function of the human organism, anti-aging, and promote the growth and development of children. Clinical evidence is provided as follows: (1) pollen as a nutritious food and appetite-boosting medicine is a very significant health restorative, Leher (1973-1974) studied a pollen extract (Stencrex), treating patients, taking it so that the patient's loss of appetite caused by the disease was optimized to improve, weight gain, serum protein increased from lower levels, indicating that the protein composition of pollen plays a role in the body. (2) Clinical studies on the treatment of certain chronic urological diseases with pollen extracts have obtained significant results, and Turkish clinical studies have proved to be effective in the treatment of sexual disorders and impotence. (3) with pollen treatment of anemia, chronic dysentery, neurasthenia, arteriosclerosis, etc. have certain efficacy.

Honeysuckle leaves contain chlorogenic acid, etc., flower buds contain flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, inositol, saponins, etc., with anti-staphylococcal, A and B hemolytic streptococcus, typhoid fever bacillus, tuberculosis bacillus, pneumococcus. Both flowers and leaves can be considered for comprehensive utilization.

Buckwheat underground and above ground can be treated for lung abscess, the ground has been utilized as raw materials for veterinary medicine.

In short, in terms of medicinal plants, to carry out the comprehensive utilization of more examples, a broad future. Should be scientifically and rationally carry out the comprehensive utilization of research.

Three, the comprehensive utilization of new product introduction

(A) the comprehensive utilization of pollen products

On the market in China, there are "pollen bodybuilding crisp", "pollen royal jelly" and so on, the international market a mechanical collection of six kinds of A mechanically collected extract of six types of plant pollen, "Cernilton", has been on the international market for 30 years.

(2) Comprehensive utilization of ginseng products

The stem, leaves as raw materials refined from the "ginsenoside tablets"; ginseng buds as the main raw material processed granules "ginseng crystal"; treatment of coronary heart disease, "ginsenoside". Ginsenoside Tablets" and "Ginsenoside Wine" for the treatment of coronary heart disease; other products include "Ginseng Anti-Wrinkle Cream", "Ginseng Hair Growth Liquid", "Ginseng Royal Jelly" and "Ginseng Bee Balm". Ginseng royal jelly", "ginseng polysaccharide tablets", "ginseng polysaccharide injection", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea", "ginseng tea". Ginseng Tea" and "Ginseng Tea" from Hong Kong.

(3) Comprehensive utilization products of sea buckthorn

"Sea buckthorn champagne", "sea buckthorn soda", "sea buckthorn strong vita", "sea buckthorn jam", "sea buckthorn punch", "sea buckthorn soft candy", sea buckthorn seed oil can be used as medicine for burns and so on.

In addition, Panax pseudoginseng leaves can be made into Panax pseudoginseng saponin tablets for the treatment of coronary heart disease and bruises; sand nuts can be extracted from the leaves of the volatile oil; sisal can provide sisal saponin, diosgenin-containing saponins, both are raw materials for the production of hydrocortisone, and sisal fibers can be made into cables; hawthorn leaves, persimmon leaves, persimmon, beriberi, and so on, are also carried out the development of the utilization of the comprehensive research.

In short, on the basis of in-depth scientific experiments, to carry out the comprehensive utilization of medicinal plants, is very necessary, will bring high economic and social benefits.