Provided by the original classical Chinese

1. The full-text translation of the classical Chinese ceremony was written by a saint, teaching people to be polite and knowing that they are different from animals. Too much respect, and secondly, reward. Courtesy, not coming, indecent assault; It is also impolite to come and not go. Politeness is safe, rudeness is dangerous. Therefore, as the saying goes, "those who are polite must learn." -Dai Sheng Western Han Dynasty "Book of Rites Quli Shang"

Translated into modern Chinese: So when the saints rose, they formulated ethical codes to educate people and make them polite, so as to know how to distinguish themselves from animals.

The ancients advocated "virtue" and later emphasized giving back. Politeness advocates communication. It is impolite to give someone a favor and not get it in return; It is impolite for others to help themselves without returning. People have the norms of etiquette, and society will be stable. Without etiquette, society will be in danger, so we say, "Etiquette, you should learn!" "

2. The words and deeds of Chen Zhongju (Chen Fan), an ancient Chinese translator, became a model for scholars at that time. As soon as the official took office, he had the ambition to clarify the world.

When he was a magistrate in Zhang Yu, he asked Xu Ruzi where he lived and said that he wanted to visit him as soon as he arrived in Nanchang. The master said, "What the big guy means is to let the prefect go to the yamen first.

Chen Zhongju said, "Once upon a time, Zhou Wuwang passed the door of Saint Shang Rong by bus and fell to the ground. Respect the virtuous and polite, I am not at leisure. I am going to visit the sage. Why not? "Referee:

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3. Turn hostilities into jade: turn hostilities into jade (huà gān gē wéi yù bó), and jade: jade is jade; Silk is a kind of silk fabric. Both of them are above the tribute, which means to mend fences and reciprocate. War: weapon refers to war or struggle, which metaphorically turns war into peace and friendship. Said by: Huaiyuan Ziyuan Daoxun: "Xia Ying used to be a city of three treasures, but the princes abandoned it and were cunning overseas." All countries own this jade. "In the past, Kun, the leader of Xia tribe, built a three-inch (eight-foot-high) city to protect the country and people. Everyone wants to leave him, and other tribes are eyeing Xia. Later, when he became a leader, he found this situation and pulled down the city wall, filled up the moat, distributed the property to everyone, destroyed the weapons, and taught the people by virtue. " Thousands of tribal leaders came to offer jade and silk. Example: 30 to 50 thugs, after being told by others, will drink a bowl of tea and eat a bowl of carrion noodles. The first act of Laoshe teahouse. "Cherish the magic Luo Cha, turn an enemy into an enemy, turn an enemy into an enemy, shake hands and make peace ..." Kang's ancient and modern road. Grammar:. As a predicate; Metaphorically turning war into peace. Synonym: Turn hostility into peace.

4. There is an ancient Chinese poem Quli about "Li": "Don't be disrespectful, be thoughtful and be calm.

"daughter zai! You can't be long, you can't do whatever you want, you can't be complacent, and you are extremely happy. Saints respect it, fear it and love it.

Love knows its evil, hate its good. Product can be scattered, and can be moved.

There is money, and there is trouble. Don't think about winning, don't think about scoring more points.

Doubt is not qualitative, but straightforward. Ruofu, sit like a walking corpse, stand like qi.

Etiquette should be appropriate and customs should be followed. So owners will make friends, judge suspects, be different, and distinguish right from wrong.

Courtesy, don't talk to others, don't hesitate to pay. Courtesy, not exceeding the festival, not insulting, is not good.

Self-cultivation and self-cultivation are called good deeds. The quality of ceremony is also the quality of speech.

Politeness emanates from people, not from people. Learn with courtesy, but don't learn with teaching.

Moral righteousness, see no evil, correct lesson, see no evil. It is indecent to argue and argue.

Monarch, minister, father, son and brother are all indecent. An official scholar is indecent.

Ban Chao runs the army, and he gives it to the authorities to do the law. It's not good to be unseemly. It is dishonest to sacrifice ghosts and gods in the shrine.

This is a gentleman's respectful concession to show politeness. Parrots can talk and stay with birds; Orangutans can talk and stay with animals.

People nowadays are very rude. Although they can talk, are they not as good as an animal's heart? Husband is rude to animals, so father and son get together. It is made by saints and teaches people for courtesy.

Make people polite and know themselves from animals. Too much respect, and secondly, reward.

Courtesy is reciprocated. It is indecent not to come; It is also impolite to come and not go.

Politeness is safe, rudeness is dangerous. Therefore, owners should learn.

Those who are polite to their husbands feel inferior and respect others. Although the seller is negative, he should also have respect and a rich situation? If you are rich and know good gifts, you will not be arrogant; If you are poor and know good gifts, you will not be intimidated.

Life is a decade of youth and study. Twenty weak crowns.

Top 30, with a room. Top 40, but officer.

Fifty words, ai, for the government. Sixty years old, instigating.

Seventy years old and over. Mourning in 1980, mourning in seven years, mourning and mourning are all guilty, but there is no additional punishment.

One hundred years, Dr. H. is seventy years old.

If you can't thank her, I'll give you some sticks to serve that woman. Extend in all directions, take an ambulance.

Claiming to be an old man has a name in his country; If you cross the country to ask questions, you must tell them. If you are looking for elders, you must exercise a few sticks to follow.

It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye when asked by the elders. Every gift of being a son: it's warm in winter and cool in summer, and it's hard to argue ugliness in the morning.

If a husband is a child, three rituals are not as good as horses and chariots. Therefore, the state township party calls it filial piety, brothers and relatives call it grace, current friends call it brother, friends call it benevolence, and friends call it loyalty.

Seeing your father's insistence, you dare not enter, you dare not retreat, and you dare not be right. This trip to the dutiful son is also.

A husband is a son: sue when you go out, but face it. If you travel, you will have a career. Never say you are old.

If you were older, you would work for your father. If you were ten years older than you, you would work for your brother. Five years older than you, you carry it. If you live in a group of five, the elders will sit differently.

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5. Ask for a classical Chinese text and translation about a certain etiquette in ancient China, which is too noble, and then report it. Courtesy is reciprocated. It is indecent not to come; It is also impolite to come and not go. Politeness is safe, rudeness is dangerous. Therefore, owners should learn. Those who are polite to their husbands feel inferior and respect others. Although the seller is negative, he should also have respect and a rich situation? If you are rich and know good gifts, you will not be arrogant; If you are poor and know good gifts, you will not be intimidated.

The ancients advocated "virtue" and later emphasized giving back. Politeness advocates communication. It is impolite to give someone a favor and not get it in return; It is impolite for others to help themselves without returning. People have the norms of etiquette, the society will be stable, and without etiquette, the society will be in danger, so we can't help but learn etiquette! "The essence of courtesy is to be humble to yourself and respect others. Even hawkers who carry the burden for business should have something to be respected, let alone rich people. If you have money and know how to love gifts, you won't be arrogant. If you are poor and know how to love gifts, your ambition will not yield.

6. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 8. A9。 B 10。 D 1 1。 (1) Sun Ce just led the troops eastward. After arriving in Liyang, Sun Ce sent someone to inform Zhou Yu, who led the troops to meet Sun Ce.

(The scores of "Hui" and the first "Jiang" are 1, meaning 1, ***3) (2) Sun Quan did not adopt Zhou Yu's opinion because Cao Cao was in the north and he was afraid that Liu Bei would be difficult to subdue in a short time. ("Yi" and "pawn" each got 1, the sentence meaning was smooth 1, and ***3) (3) At that time, Sun Quan was still a general, and his courtiers were relatively simple in Sun Quan's etiquette. Only Zhou Yuxian tried his best to stick to the etiquette of courtiers and kings.

(scores of "Yes", "Respect" and "Execution" 1, fluent sentence meaning 1, ***4) Analysis 8. Analysis of test questions This question examines the meaning and usage of notional words in classical Chinese. In item A, it is grammatically wrong to interpret the word "shed" as "house" in "Imperial Road South House", because the word "shed" is followed by a noun, so it should be used flexibly as a verb and interpreted as "providing a house for" and "making" alive ".

Know the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.

A famous teacher can put forward a viewpoint to understand the meaning of notional words in classical Chinese by means of context definition: because any notional word can only have one meaning in a specific language environment, it can be defined by context, that is, the specific meaning of a notional word can be judged according to a specific context. When answering questions, we should put the real words back into the original context and understand them in combination with the contextual meaning.

It can replace the original method, in-class review method and idiom transfer method. You can substitute the meaning of words into the text and judge right or wrong in combination with the context.

To understand the meaning of notional words in context, we should pay attention to polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times, interchangeable words and flexible use of parts of speech. We should analyze the shape of the word and infer its meaning.

Infer common words from homophones, part of speech from grammatical features, and explain the words before and after with intertextuality. For example, in item A of this question, this option can distinguish right from wrong by using grammatical knowledge, and it interprets "she" as a noun, while "she" in the sentence should be used flexibly as a verb in grammar.

9. Test analysis This question examines the meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese. The two "zhe" in item B are the functions of attributive postposition.

The modal particles at the end of sentence A play the role of enhancing mood/expressing the mood of discussion or hope, or; C prepositions, and/or verbs, make friends and attach yourself; D stands for passive relationship/yes, for. Know the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.

The ability level is to understand B. To master the meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the position of function words in sentences and the parts of speech of the words before and after.

It's the same before and after If the content words before and after two function words in two classical Chinese sentences have the same part of speech or phrase attributes, then the usage of these two function words is generally the same.

For example, the word "zhe" in this question has a similar structure in front of the word "zhe" in these two places, which is a noun+verb+zhe, which is a sign of the postposition of the attribute, so it is the same. Different before and after is different.

If in the process of solving problems, it is found that the attributes of the real words or phrases before and after the function words are not completely consistent, then the usage of this group of function words is likely to be inconsistent. In this case, we must flexibly use other methods to assist judgment, such as associating similar sentences in textbooks, or translating them in context, or using exclusion.

Special circumstances, special treatment. If the sentence in which the function words are investigated is a special sentence pattern, they should be treated specially, and the above methods cannot be applied.

For example, the ellipsis sentence means that the words before and after the function words are omitted, so we should complete the omitted parts, and we will not judge if we don't complete them. Similarly, if you encounter prepositional object sentence patterns, you should also follow the rules of prepositional objects.

In addition, if the content words before and after the function words are flexible, the part of speech after flexible use should prevail, not the part of speech before flexible use. 10. Analysis of test questions This question examines students' understanding of the text.

Item d, "can handle the communication with everyone" error; The last sentence of the last paragraph of the article says that "sexual recovery is extensive and the success rate is high, but it is not harmonious with Cheng Pu", which shows that not everyone has a good relationship with Cheng Pu. The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning.

The ability level is analysis and synthesis. C. The title of the famous teacher's finishing touch is to summarize the content of the article.

The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly. When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it.

The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view. Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately.

(2) put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong. Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text.

For specious, we should have the consciousness of explaining the text by using the topic. For example, this question, you can find the corresponding content of the option. The last sentence of the last paragraph of the article says that "the degree of sexual recovery is wide and the ratio is high, but it is not harmonious with Cheng Pu", which shows the mistake of "being able to deal with communication with everyone" in the option.

1 1. In the first sentence, "will" means just in time to catch up; "East", with locative nouns as adverbials; Both "Jiang" are verbs, leading. In the second sentence, "one" means "because" and "pawn" means suddenly, which is a common word.

In the third sentence, "yes" is a pronoun, "try your best" means to do your best (politely), and "hold" means to carry out. The test center locates the sentences in the translated text.

The ability level is to understand B. proper nouns, such as names, places and official positions. Should be found first, such as "Ce", "Li Yang", "Yu", "Tsao Gong", "Bei" and "General" in the sentence. Finally, the key words of translation are determined, usually literal translation.

The basic translation methods of classical Chinese are substitution, word formation, reservation and ellipsis. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times should be "replaced"; Words with roughly the same meaning in ancient and modern times are grouped; Special place names and names should be "reserved"; We can "omit" one of the tautology words in ancient Chinese, and some function words are unnecessary or difficult to translate properly.