What are the folk paintings and handicrafts in China?

China folk paintings, handicrafts and other folk arts are the culture created and appreciated by the people for thousands of years, the creation of people's wisdom, an important part of folk culture, a popular and biochemical folk art, and a category in the art field. Generally speaking, works of art created by laborers themselves, rather than professional artists, are widely circulated by folk artists in rural towns, such as grain calligraphy and painting, New Year pictures, paper-cutting, wood carving, shadow play, stone carving, brick carving, clay sculpture, toys and ceramics. It is closely related to folk life, deeply loved by folk people, and embodies a fresh and simple artistic style. Folk art reflects the unique life interest of working people, contains rich and profound social and historical information, and represents people's aesthetic ideal. Folk art has a long history with a long history and complex types. It is an important part of people's spiritual life and a precious wealth of national culture. The main types of folk art, such as folk painting, handicrafts, etc. Mu's five-grain painting and calligraphy, Wuqiang New Year pictures, Tangshan shadow play, Yuxian paper-cut, Xiongxian lantern, Quyang sculpture, etc. Most of these folk arts are brightly colored. Although the shapes are auspicious, the composition is full, simple and rough. Gu Zhuo is vigorous and vigorous, and he is an immortal figure in the north. 1. Origin, artistic features and uses of grain calligraphy and painting: Grain calligraphy and painting is a special art of calligraphy and painting made of various grains. Originated in the late Qing Dynasty, the working people created a folk art that prayed for a bumper harvest, peace in the world and food and clothing. It used to be a special tribute for local officials to go to Beijing to plead for the people. It has a high artistic collection value and is a pure manual craft. Fine as embroidery, each grain should be just right to reflect its artistic style. According to personal preference, celebrity calligraphy, calligraphy and painting, epigrams, epigrams, poems and other different contents can use original works, cursive script, official script, seal script and other fonts. To make elegant and unique works of art, his works are both rough and bold in the north and delicate and elegant in the south. It is really magnificent and exquisite, which is beyond the reach of other works. As a special artistic decoration, grain calligraphy and painting adds luster to the human cultural and artistic decoration industry. Hanging grain calligraphy and painting in the offices and conference halls of administrative organs and institutions can fully reflect the feelings of public servants for the people, always remind themselves not to forget the land, always keep the people in mind and stand on the side of the overwhelming majority of the people, and its significance can be imagined; "Food is the most important thing for the people". Grains calligraphy and painting are created with grains, which is closely related to food culture. It is prosperous, natural, simple and cordial, which is unique for the decoration industry and adds color and luster; Hotels, restaurants and other catering industries, hanging grain calligraphy and painting, have a unique charm that blends with nature and has a unique style; People in life need loving care most. As a gift for friends, it can reflect the purest, simplest and most credible feelings and friendship. 2. The characteristics of New Year pictures: bright, bright and strong colors, which prevailed in the Song and Ming Dynasties. New Year Picture: It is the most popular folk art in China, celebrating the Spring Festival at the end of the year and heralding a bright future. Wuqiang New Year Picture in Hebei Province: It is a traditional folk woodcut print, which is printed and toned with woodcut. Full composition, strong lines, rich colors, bright but not flattering, with red, yellow and green as the main colors, is a folk art that people like to see and hear. Wuqiang New Year pictures have a history of more than 500 years. Wooden sign painting is made of wood blocks, with black, red, green, yellow, purple and pink watermarks. Manual rigidity, manual rubbing, painting, carving and printing are closely combined, concise and exquisite. Its composition is full, lines are extensive, colors are strong and decorative, and it has its own unique artistic style. The picture structure is compact, the theme is prominent, and the character scene is concise. Seal cutting is mainly male carving, with female carving, and the lines are steady and smooth. The use of black and white contrast techniques does not lose its elegant style. The primary colors are simple and changeable, strong and harmonious, forming a festive atmosphere. 3. The basic types of folk paper-cutting: monochrome, dyeing, color matching, negative paper-cutting and positive paper-cutting. Create the image of China by cutting, engraving and dyeing. Paper cutting has a long history. According to "Western Shazu", there was a saying of "small paper-cutting" in the Tang Dynasty. 4. Use and classification of paper-cutting: window flowers, wedding flowers and patterns. The artistic features of paper-cutting: a wide range of themes, simple production, diverse composition, refined modeling, bright lines, bright colors, beautiful forms and no strong sense of decoration. Use symbolic, longevity and auspicious content. Creation method: (1) determine the genre content; (2) Choose the angle that can best express the image characteristics to draw the single-line design draft, and pay attention to the planarization of the image; (3) changing the single-line sketch into a double-line sketch; (4) Put the double-line manuscript on paper, don't fix it, and cut it together. 5. Kite: It is a traditional Chinese handicraft and a folk toy, which is widely spread in Hebei. The basic structure is tied with thin bamboo into a skeleton, pasted with paper or silk, and then painted with color. Types of kites: hard-winged kites, beat kites, straight-string kites, soft-winged kites, tubular kites and folding kites. Style: birds, birds, fish, insects, people. Origin: Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty 6. A Fu: Folk clay sculptures generally appear as a fat doll with fine eyes and a smile, which embodies people's longing for a better life and reflects people's feelings of pursuing wealth and happiness. 7. Painted pottery: The earliest existing primitive art in China combines color, figure and modeling, which has become a valuable cultural heritage of mankind. 8. Shadow Play: It is a kind of puppet show. Shadow people is a graphic producer. At first, it was carved with paper, and later it was cut and carved with animal skins such as donkeys, cows and sheep to make people or things with movable joints. After dyeing, it is operated by people and reflected on the white cloth screen with lights, which is also called "shadow play". Tangshan Shadow Play: Fine carving, beautiful modeling and strong decoration. Puppets in China: fighting puppets, iron puppets, bag puppets and marionettes. 9. Printmaking: A work printed with a printing plate supplemented with ink or color after being processed and produced on different material layouts. 10. Dyed paper: The main performance is to fold, tie, roll, pinch and wipe the thinner absorbent paper, and form ever-changing colorful decorative patterns through dyeing methods such as dot, halo, brush, squeeze, pinch, wash and splash. 1 1, origami: simplification, exaggeration and deformation are the means of expression. 12, drama mask: Health, Dan, quietness, elegance and ugliness are unique makeup arts in Chinese drama. With the combination of realism and symbolism, the facial features of the characters are vividly displayed and the personality types of the characters are revealed. Facial makeup is a unique means of makeup on the stage of China drama, and it is also a decorative pattern art, which has high appreciation value. Divided into chiseled facial makeup and clown facial makeup. The color of Peking Opera facial makeup symbolizes that a character has a certain color, which is the main color and the most important direct expression of facial makeup. Use at least three colors for each facial makeup, and each color has different functional symbols. Yellow, brave and fierce. Violet is upright, steady and calm. Blue is strong, brave and calculating. Green is tenacious and irritable. White is insidious-cunning. Hong Zhongyong. Black is upright and selfless, upright, and gold and silver are sacred. 13, Painting Diary: Recording the most meaningful events of the day in the form of a painting diary and expressing your thoughts and feelings in vivid language will add a lot of fun to your study and life, and at the same time cultivate your painting modeling ability. 14, watercolor spot dyeing takes water as the medium and changes color through infiltration. 15. There are many ways to make headdresses. Usually cut, painted, glued and pasted. Finally, stick the headdress on the hoop, and the length of the hoop should be suitable for the size of your head. Some headdresses can also be worn directly on the head. 16, masks are props for performances, so the image should be bold and exaggerated. Tear, cut, paste and draw lines on a piece of cardboard to make various artistic shapes, and then stretch the rubber band. 17. Embroidery pattern is a popular folk art form in rural areas of Hebei Province. Embroidered patterns can be made into hats, curtains, cushions, shoes and schoolbags.