Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Kazak traditional clothing
Kazak traditional clothing
Kazak customs introduction group), likes to eat mutton. There are rich folk creations, such as legendary stories, lyric poems and satire. Most Kazak costumes are made of animal fur. Women wear long-flowered dresses in summer and like to decorate them with silver dollars or silver products. The winter coat is a double-breasted coat, and the coat is mostly sewn with winter sheepskin. Women wear a white cloth hijab and a white cloth headscarf, which is heel-length, and the left upper end of the headscarf is decorated with ornaments. The young woman is wearing a round hat and the roof is crowned with owl feathers. In winter, men wear sheepskin, fox skin, wolf skin and camel hair wadding coats, with a belt around their waist, a sword on the right side and cowhide sewn into their trousers, which is called "Summer Ba". Both men and women wear long leather boots because they often ride horses. Kazakhs are traditional nomadic people, and eventually,
What do you mean by the value of Kazak traditional patterns? Kazakhs use their long-term accumulated life experience to give full play to their ability to recognize and create formal beauty. From simple to complex, from rough to fine, from imitation to creation, they have gradually formed unique pattern art. These patterns reflect people's spiritual life with their original artistic characteristics, and use abstract methods to pattern and formalize objects in nature. Among them, the basic decorative shapes are vortex pattern, pattern, straight line pattern and geometric pattern (triangle, square and diamond).
The life of Kazak ancestors has great mobility and instability, which is reflected in the pattern of the pursuit and performance of a sense of movement. The use of a large number of curves not only reflects the Kazakh ancestors' observation and understanding of nature and their endless expression of nature, but also shows their spiritual pursuit of fluidity and freedom as a form of plant patterns.
Kazakh patterns are generally symmetrical. After the artist matures in his mind, he directly paints (embroiders) a quarter or half of the pattern, and then draws symmetrically at the pattern until a complete pattern product is made. There are many kinds and forms of Kazakh patterns, from mountain grasslands to natural phenomena, from birds and animals to various flowers, from geometric patterns to symbols. Kazak artists inherit the totem patterns of abstraction and concreteness, natural forms and processing changes, form a perfect work of art closely and compactly, and constantly innovate, becoming the symbol of Kazak nationality. The patterns selected and designed on different articles are different. For example, plant patterns are drawn on carpets, geometric shapes, sun and moon shapes and simple flowers are drawn on wooden utensils, but continuous flower patterns or continuous triangular patterns are drawn on the eaves or door heads of houses, and regular geometric patterns are drawn on wooden boxes or cabinets. Kazak pattern art is the most abundant and changeable in clothing, with special decorative patterns on tops or skirts, collars, cuffs and front. Although there are different patterns, their formal characteristics are mainly symmetry and repetition.
Write an article about Kazak costumes (within 400~600 words).
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Wang guang Zhou Hou
An analysis of the facial makeup of Kazak costumes.
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Luxury and vulgarity
First, the clothing characteristics and cultural psychology of Kazak people
Since ancient times, cattle, sheep and Kazakhs have had food, clothing and shelter.
There is an indissoluble bond under the line: sheepskin robe, fox fur hat and felt.
Barrels and leather boots have become an important symbol of grassland clothing.
Sewing animal skins with bone needles is a further innovation of clothing fabrics.
With creation, clothes can appear according to people's characteristics.
Tops with collars, lapels and sleeves, and pants with front and rear crotch were introduced.
Son, its modeling and sewing techniques are also more flexible and diverse, reflecting the
It shows the continuous progress of human clothing development.
The ancestors of most Kazakhs lived in the northern part of New Nepal.
Central Asia and other regions have always maintained a life dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry.
Lifestyle. They lived with cattle and sheep for a long time.
In the process of migration, it merged with foreign cultures and gradually formed its own independence.
Special artistic taste and aesthetic standards. in black and white check
Bright colors and lingering decorative patterns have become
The main aesthetic characteristics of Kazak costumes. This unique
Clothing art is the carrier of Kazak's long history and culture.
It can reflect the aesthetic and cultural heart of Kazak people.
Rationality and the accumulation of national emotion.
The basic patterns of Kazak costumes are mostly individual.
Or quadrilateral continuous plant patterns, triangles and geometric shapes.
Or a continuous pattern shape, find the shape between square and circle.
In a large number of archaeological discoveries in Xicheng, the complementarity and harmony of styles were found.
The middle and triangle patterns are the most common decorative patterns, Kazak.
Most herders live in plateau and mountainous areas, with four distinct seasons.
Obviously, the light is strong, and the bright color is Hassan.
Croats are forced to love colors. Cool color of Gobi in grassland
Living environment, they choose red to decorate yurts and
Clothing, in color psychology, can resist the cold outside.
The effect of cold harmony on regulating environmental monotony has been passed down from generation to generation.
Rational environment has become a factor that affects the color and aesthetic heart of Kazak costumes.
The main factor of rationality. On the theme of the pattern, most of them are traditional.
Plants, fruits and horns are all prototypes, which mutate into various geometric shapes.
Form, with a strong national meaning.
In the development of Kazak costumes, we can
Only in this way can we feel the close relationship between clothing and totem worship and witchcraft etiquette.
Break off the relationship. Whether it is symbolic mimicry or witchcraft.
Activities are inseparable from hot songs and dances, and these songs and dances
Must be able to move people's hearts and arouse the devout worship of believers.
Therefore, those who perform totem worship or witchcraft rituals
The costumes of tribes and nationalities are often the most distinctive.
The typical part, over time,
Some totem worship consciousness and representative spirit are gradually transformed into tools.
The body pattern remains in the clothes. Such as owl symbol powder
Justice, people with its feathers on their heads can avoid evil and protect themselves.
On the one hand, it is safe, and the Kazak children's Taya hat in China.
The black owl feather inserted at the top of the crown represents
Stay away from illness and leave the same nation or the same nation forever.
Because totem worship is different, the branch will also be in clothing.
There are corresponding embodiments. Historically, Kazakhs received pizza.
Under the influence of Manchu religion, the white swan is regarded as one of its important totems.
The white swan is the embodiment of God and soul, Kazak.
Take the white swan as a sacred bird, protect it more, if you can get it.
A few feathers are even more precious. Living in Central Asia
Up to now, Kazakhs regard fire as the "queen of fire" and serve it.
Use red decoration to symbolize this kind of nature worship and totem worship.
Second, the clothing characteristics of Kazakhs in different countries and regions
As an important carrier of national culture, clothing is a kind of display.
A window of national culture, through the splendid and rich nationalities.
Clothing, we can find Kazaks in the long river of history.
In the process of change, I gradually adapt to different living environments.
Unique cultural psychology and clothing characteristics.
Clothing Art of Kazak in Central Asia
Kazak costume art in Central Asia is hard to find.
The shadow of the influence of traditional religion is more reflected in the trial.
The pursuit of beauty. Since the end of last century, Russia has entered Central Asia.
After the district, its industrial civilization entered the life of Kazakhs.
The living quarters have begun to expand, and the textile industry has developed and can
Produce advanced products, such as high-quality cotton and flax, instead of
Traditional coarse wool products in the past. At the same time, artistic taste
And the concept has gradually changed.
In the decoration of Kazakh clothing, modern color matching,
Printing and other technologies have gradually replaced the traditional folk homemade materials.
The pattern combination is more inclined to Russian national style and figure.
The case is rich and pure in color and extremely noble ... >>
What Miao people wear traditional costumes in China?
Miao people are widely distributed and have many branches, and their costumes have obvious regional differences. Typical dresses for women are tops and pleated skirts. In the past, the Miao people's clothing materials were mainly linen woven homespun, and unique batik and embroidery techniques were widely used. Skirts are mostly white and cyan, and the material, color, style and embroidery of costumes are very ethnic. The silver ornaments on the head, neck, chest and hands are the most common ornaments, and the silver ornaments of Miao nationality are second to none among all ethnic jewelry. The colorful costume culture fully shows the intelligence of the Miao people, and still maintains its own national characteristics.
Buyei (BY)
Buyi men wear double-breasted or large-breasted coats and trousers, as well as long-sleeved trousers and blue or plaid headscarves. The hue is mainly cyan or white. Women usually wear big-breasted jackets and trousers. Skirts, cuffs and other places are inlaid with colored lace, and pants are also inlaid with lace. The head is wrapped in a blue or plaid headscarf, or a white printed head is put on the head. The young woman still has a waist embroidered with beautiful patterns on her chest. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets, earrings, collars and embroidered shoes with pointed toes and noses. The overall color of Buyi costumes is elegant and simple, maintaining natural harmony with nature.
shield
Dong men have three kinds of coats: double-breasted clothes, right-handed clothes, trousers and leggings. The head-wrapped cloth is a bright cloth three meters long, and a row of zigzag patterns are embroidered with red and green silk threads at both ends. Wear a silver hat and other silver ornaments when dressing up. When a woman wears a skirt, her upper body is matched with cardigan tights, and her chest is surrounded by scissors-shaped pockets embroidered with cyan and wrapped in leggings; Wear pants with right-hand shorts. When dressing up, women wear feather skirts. There are also right-hand collarless shirts, buttons made of silver beads, shoulder straps and pointed embroidered shoes. Dong women like to wear silver ornaments, such as silver flowers, silver hats, silver collars and silver bracelets. Dong people's clothes are mostly self-woven and dyed Dong cloth, which can be divided into roving and spinning. Dong women are good at embroidery with exquisite craftsmanship.
Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of China's ancient patriarchal clan society)
There are great differences in the costumes of Yao branches. Men's wear is mainly blue-blue, with double-breasted, oblique-breasted and pipa-breasted tops, as well as trousers, headscarves and leggings of different lengths, which are unpretentious. Women's wear includes large-breasted tops and trousers; Some wear round neck shorts and pleated skirts; There are also those who wear robes and trousers. Yao costumes are unique in pattern and geometric in shape as a whole. The characteristics of Yao headdress are prominent, such as dragon shape, A shape, flying swallow shape and so on. Yao people have a well-developed dyeing and weaving industry, their clothes are all self-dyed homespun, and they have a complete set of indigo printing and dyeing technology. Commonly used colors are red, green, yellow, white and black, and costumes are made by embroidery, brocade and batik.
Bai (ba)
Bai people advocate white, and men's baotou, women's hat hoop, men's and women's coats and trousers all like to use white and light green and light blue. Bai women often embroider colorful patterns on bags, backs, belts, baotou cloth and shoes. Elegant and simple, harmonious tone, elegant aesthetic realm. Dali Bai men wear white double-breasted shirts and black collars, white trousers, white or blue headdresses and hand-embroidered bags on their shoulders. Women often wear white or light blue right-breasted shirts, white or light blue wide pants, short aprons embroidered with ribbons at the waist, and embroidered shoes.
(geography)
Jing costumes are unique, simple and elegant. Men usually wear knee-length clothes with flat chests and narrow sleeves. Women wear diamond bra cloth inside and a collarless, double-breasted coat outside. The clothes are tight, with narrow sleeves and wide trouser legs, mostly black or brown. When you go out, your coat is a light cheongsam-style long coat with narrow sleeves. The custom of women dyeing their black teeth and tying a bun on the chopping board still exists among a few women. The most distinctive decoration of the Jing people is their hats.
Zhuang people
Zhuang men often wear double-breasted coats with buttons tied with cloth. Sew a small pocket on the chest to match the two large pockets on the abdomen, and fold the hem inward into a wide edge; The bottom is short and wide, and some are tied with leggings; Embroidered headscarf. Women wear navy blue or dark blue short collar and right blouse, and the collar, cuffs and lapels are embroidered with colored lace. Wearing baggy black pants. There is also a black pleated skirt with colorful embroidery on it and colorful cloth stickers below. The colors are gorgeous and dazzling. Wearing a cloth patch, embroidered waist, and wearing a black headscarf embroidered with patterns. Wear embroidered shoes at festivals or concert venues. Wear embroidered pad ... >>
* * * Features of Erfu * * The material of Erfu is generally the famous "Idris".
* * * The traditional costumes of the Er nationality are very distinctive: men wear "producing" robes, with a correct collar and no buttons, and they wear rectangular scarves or cloth towels; Rural women often wear double-breasted vests outside wide-sleeved dresses; Urban women now wear more suits, tops and skirts; * * * Er men and women like to wear leather shoes and boots, leather boots and rubber overshoes; Men, women and children wear four small flower hats; * * * The flower caps of Er nationality are embroidered with black and white or colored silk thread, and some are decorated with colored beads; Women often use earrings, bracelets and necklaces as decorations.
Kazakh Folk Custom Xinjiang Kazak
Kazak costumes are very unique. Men usually wear black lamb skin, fox skin or otter skin in winter, covered with colorful silks and satins, with two ear fans, a long tail fan at the back, pointed hats on all sides (spitting marks) or pointed hats decorated with owl hair. In summer, you usually wear a split flanging hat made of white felt and black velveteen. Wear a high-necked lace shirt or plaid shirt inside the upper body. Wear a vest on the shirt, a short coat on the vest, and then tie a long ring. Wearing white pants. Coat, leather coat in winter and spring, and large crotch leather pants sewn with old sheepskin; Wear long coats of cotton or woolen cloth, large crotch leather pants and striped pants in summer and autumn. The belt is inlaid with gold and silver. Belts for coral, pearls, jade and other ornaments. Hang a leather bag on the left side of the belt to store sundries, wear a knife on the right side and wear boots on your feet. Riding on a beautiful horse is free and easy. Kazak women's costumes are colorful and extremely particular.
There are two kinds of headdresses: hats and headscarves. Unmarried girls usually wear "Taheya", "Birk" and "headscarf". "Taheya" is a hard-shell barrel cap made of red, green or black flannel, which is embroidered with gold thread and inlaid with various beautiful patterns with beads. A pinch of owl feathers stuck in the top of the hat. "Birk" is a round hat made of silk, cloth and otter skin, embroidered with a crown and owl feathers. Beads are embedded between the top and brim of the hat. The four corners of the "headscarf" are embroidered with various patterns. When a girl gets married, she will wear a pointed hat called "Wu Sha Kelly". The hat body is made of felt, covered with cloth, velvet and satin, embroidered and decorated with gold, silver and jewels. The front of the hat is also decorated with beads hanging in front of the face. Wearing this hat and clothes made in HongLing within one year after marriage will make people know that they are newly married women. A year later, I changed into a flowered headscarf, and after giving birth to my first child, I changed into scarves embroidered with "cheek" patterns, such as "mesech" and "Zilawushi" (made of white cloth, similar to headscarf, big and wide, covering my head, shoulders and waist, and only revealing my face after wearing it), and "mesech" embroidered by women under 30 and 40 years old. Older women or women with many children generally don't pay much attention to clothes. They only wear "Eco Mesher" with less bright patterns, or they only wear white headscarves. Wear a colorful dress with embroidered sleeves and ruffles. In summer, skirts are paired with vests or short circles; Wear striped cotton-padded clothes in winter. Wear boots and overshoes.
Kazakh dwellings
In order to facilitate nomadism, Kazakhs have long created houses that are easy to move-felt houses. Its main components are wool-woven felt, red willow fence, strut, round roll top and wool-woven grass curtain. These components can be made of local materials. Dismantling or installing the felt house can be completed in a short time, and it can be carried by camels or cows when moving.
Mongolian yurts are Kazakh folk buildings. In spring, summer and autumn, Kazakh herders live in Yu, a detachable and transportable circular felt house. In winter, flat-topped adobe houses are built in winter pastures (commonly known as "winter nests"). Generally, felt houses are made of local materials, with a circular grid made of red willow and a vertical frame formed on the roof, and then a fence made of Achnatherum splendens is covered on the periphery of the wooden grid, and then a felt is covered. There is a skylight at the top, which is covered with movable felt for ventilation. Some roof mats are decorated with red or other colors. Felt houses usually face east.
Kazakh etiquette
Kazak is a warm, hospitable and etiquette-oriented people. When people meet, they always exchange greetings such as "family safety" and "livestock safety". This is closely related to their nomadic economic life. Kazakh herders who constantly migrate from one place to another according to the season and grassland conditions, whether they know each other or not, will warmly entertain guests who come to visit and stay. Herdsmen believe that it is a shame to let guests go when the sun goes down, and they will be laughed at by relatives and neighbors for not being considerate. The host has his own way of entertaining guests. Usually when guests come, they will kill the lamb. The supreme guest is going to slaughter a pony at the scene. Before slaughtering the sheep, the owner should lead the sheep to the guests to satisfy them. When eating, give the sheep's head to the guests first. When a guest receives a sheep's head, he should first cut a piece of cheek meat for the oldest elder of the host family with a knife, and then cut a piece of sheep's ear for the youngest child or housewife. Then, cut off a piece of meat and eat it yourself, and then give it to its owner. At this time, the host and guests sat together, eating large pieces of meat on the plate and drinking the master's special koumiss. Koumiss is a unique wine with rich nutrition. The taste is mellow, which can not only quench thirst, but also satisfy hunger, and can also cure chronic diseases such as small intestine and stomach diseases. Vitamin content is several times more than milk, which is the guarantee for grassland herders to keep out the cold ...
I want to know about the customs of Kazak people. 5. Housing: In ancient times, most Kazakh people lived a nomadic life. Herdsmen live in a kind of felt house that is very light and easy to support and dismantle. The felt house, called "Yu" in Kazakh, is not only convenient to carry, but also durable and comfortable to live in, with the characteristics of cold, rain and earthquake prevention. The room is well ventilated and full of light, which has been deeply loved by Kazakh herders for thousands of years. Because it is made of white felt and the felt room is well decorated, people call it the White Palace. It is an important creation of Kazakh ancestors.
The felt used in the yurt is handmade by hardworking and intelligent Kazakh women. When making felt, firstly, knock the wool loose with a wooden stick, sprinkle it with water, spread it on a flat ground for compaction, and then roll it repeatedly by many people. The main components of the felt house are carefully made by special craftsmen. The whole frame does not need an iron nail, and all joints are fixed with cowhide ropes and beef tendons, which is both light and firm.
Dietary customs: Their diet is mostly meat and milk. There are many kinds of dairy products, such as ghee, milk, milk skin, cheese and so on. The horse they made is an expensive drink. The daily food is mainly pasta, beef, [sheep, horse meat, cream, ghee, milk bumps, milk tofu, fermented milk and so on. Usually, I like to make flour into "Bao 'ershak" (oil fruit), scones, oil cakes, noodles, noodle soup, Na Ren and so on. Or make meat, ghee, milk, rice and flour into various foods. Drinks mainly include milk, goat's milk and horse's milk, especially horse's milk, which is a high-grade beverage made from horse's milk by fermentation. Tea has a special position in Kazak diet, mainly drinking brick tea. If milk is added to tea, it is called milk tea. Typical foods mostly come from animal husbandry production, such as winter meat, horse meat, milk bumps and so on.
Festivals: The main Kazak festivals are Eid al-Adha, ji zi and Nawu Day. The time is in the first month of the lunar calendar, and every household will cook "Kuji" (porridge) with meat, rice, wheat, barley and milk bumps in Nawurezi. It is a traditional custom of Kazak people to throw "Balshak" and sugar to welcome happy events. On the festival day, we congratulate each other, just as the Spring Festival of the Han nationality is a festival to send the old and welcome the new. Traditional games such as Diao Yang, horse racing and chasing girls are held at every festival. Most Kazakhs believe in * * * religion, and some herders still retain the remnants of Shamanism.
Custom: Kazakhs respect the elderly. When drinking tea and eating, we should respect the elderly first. Generally, when eating, it is customary for elders to sit first, while others bend their legs around the tablecloth or kneel on the felt in turn. In the process of eating, we should give the best meat to the elderly. Kazakhs have many taboos, such as: young people are not allowed to drink in front of the elderly, and they are not allowed to touch food with their hands; Don't step on or step on the tablecloth, and don't sit on boxes or other utensils with food. Taboo to count the livestock of the host family face to face; You can't cross the rope that binds livestock, nor can you ride into the sheep; Don't sit on boxes or other utensils containing food, and don't step over or step on napkins; Taboo others praise their children in person, especially don't say "fat", thinking that this will bring misfortune to children; Avoid dismounting at home and ride a fast horse at home; Do not eat pork, dog meat, donkey meat, mule meat, dead livestock and poultry meat and animal blood. Kazakhs are hospitable and sincere. For those who come to live at home, the host should serve the best food. When very distinguished guests or relatives who haven't seen each other for years arrive, in addition to slaughtering sheep, horses should also be slaughtered and served with horse meat. Before dinner, the host uses a pot to carry water, a washbasin to let the guests wash their hands, and then puts a plate of sheep's head, hind legs and ribs in front of the guests. The guests must first cut off a piece of sheep's cheek, then cut off the left ear, and then return the sheep's head to the host for dinner. After eating, everyone raised their hands and touched their faces at the same time and made "Bata". If there are men and women among the guests, they usually share seats.
Hospitality: Kazakhs are famous for their simplicity, honesty, frankness and hospitality. This is because pastoral areas are sparsely populated, scattered and inconvenient to travel. When going out, wherever there is a felt house, it will naturally become a place to rest and stay, and pedestrians will be free from hunger and cold. It can be seen that hospitality is a virtue formed in long-term nomadic life. There is a Kazakh legend in the middle reaches: "As long as there are Kazakhs along the way, even if you walk for a year, you don't have to bring a grain or a penny." Kazakhs are respectful to their guests. They think that the guests are given by * * *, and they should not be slightly neglected. Because of this good habit, there have been no beggars among Kazakhs.
There is an old Kazakh proverb, "Let the guests go at sunset, even if you jump into the water, you can't wash away the shame". And the people ... >>
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