How jade is categorized, what kind of jade has collection value

According to current information, there are more than 230 kinds of gemstones and jade minerals discovered in the world today. Hetian jade is the best white jade! Glass is the best. This "kind" refers to the degree of transparency of the jade, the more transparent price is relatively expensive, for example, glass species (basically the same as the transparency of the glass) than the ice species (have seen the transparent ice did not, a little hazy, see is not very clear)

To be a high level, the worst kind of generally called porcelain bottom (can be said to have no). The most poorly developed ones are generally called porcelain bottom (no transparency, so to speak). Of course, this is not a standard fixed number, we generally rely on the feeling; as for the flower green, oil clear, white bottom green these are another concept, is on behalf of the color + the meaning of the species.

Jade's English name for Jade, from the Spanish invaders, they looted the jade from Mexico named Pieda be ijade, jade (ijade) is the last word of the word.

There are two kinds of real jade: soft and hard, and the usual term jade refers mostly to nephrite, which has another popular name - jadeite. Nephrite (Nephrite), is a watery silicate of calcium and magnesium, hardness 6.5, excellent toughness, translucent to opaque, fibrous crystal aggregates. Jadeite is a sodium-aluminum silicate with a hardness of 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, granular to fibrous aggregates, and dense masses. The two types of jade are very similar in appearance, with the specific gravity of jadeite (3.25-3.4) being greater than that of nephrite (2.9-3.1).

Jade is the more noble of the ores. The ancient Chinese considered jade to be the embodiment of glory and happiness, a symbol of fortitude and kindness. Some foreign scholars also regard jade as China's "national stone".

China is the earliest and most widely used country in the world for mining and using jade. There are a lot of records in ancient books, and the names are very diverse, such as water jade, legacy jade, peyote, scented jade, nephrite, and so on. The tremolite nephrite jade block unearthed at the Chahai site in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, about 8,000 years old (early Neolithic period), is the earliest real jade artifact known in the world so far. Legend has it that when the Yellow Emperor divided his vassals in ancient times, he used jade as a symbol of the power they enjoyed, and later on, many imperial jade "state seals" were also made of jade. In the Shang Dynasty, the inkstone tooth jangles were used to convey the king's orders, and in the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC - 256 BC), where there are written records, the use of jade as a tool has already begun. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the king of the State of Zhao was given a piece of very precious jade called "Heshi Bi", and when the king of Qin found out about it, he promised to exchange it for fifteen cities, which was only a conspiracy, but it showed the value of the precious jade at that time.

Why did the ancients regard jade as so precious?

First of all, jade looks good and is rich in color. According to the ancient book "Shuowen", the so-called jade is "the beauty of stone". The colors of jade include grass green, onion green, dark green, off-white, and milky white, with deep and soft tones, creating a characteristic warm and smooth color. The Chinese prefer a translucent white to yellowish-white "lamb's fat jade" - Hetian jade, and a white jade with green streaks - "snowy mossy jade".

Secondly, the ancient people were superstitious, believing that jade had the function of preventing demons and avoiding evil spirits. Jade was used to make sacrificial utensils such as cups, bowls and plates and decorative items such as jade bracelets, jade hairpins, finger rings and cigarette holders.

Thirdly, jade has strong toughness and can withstand hammer blows, a characteristic that even diamond cannot compare with. Using the color of jade and this advantage can be carved into different forms of animals, flowers and plants, pavilions, pagodas and other exquisite crafts and decorations.

In 1935, a massive earthquake struck Southern California, and the collection of Chinese artifacts in a small craft store in Santa Barbara fell to the ground. But to the store owner's relief, none of the most valuable jade items were damaged, even though they were on the top shelf. Apparently, jade is very tough.

The Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty coveted jade all her life. It is said that she did not accept a large adamantine headdress offered by a tribute payer, but welcomed the small but exquisite "dimei" green jade items that were given to her. She had a precious ring, shaped like a small cucumber, carved from high quality jade. She wore jade bracelets on her wrists, fine jasper rings and three-inch-long jade fingernail clips on several fingers, and used finely carved jade plates, chopsticks and bowls for eating and drinking. After her death, she was buried with a large number of jade treasures.

The world's largest jade stone was mined from the seabed near Raintree, California, in 1971, weighing 5 tons and named "King of Jade," and a 28-ton chondrite stone was found in Canada's Watson Lake in 1977, while an even larger jade stone weighing 90 tons was found in the Burma region in 1978. But as early as 1960, in China's Liaoning Province, Xiuyan County excavation of a large jade, volume of 106.8m3, weighing 267.76 tons, than the total weight of the three major foreign jade more than 204.05 tons, fine texture, good transparency, is the world's real "king of jade.

Jade has five virtues: benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and cleanliness.

Modern jade carving is divided into southern and northern schools. The southern school is represented by Yangzhou and is characterized by delicate images. The northern school, represented by Beijing, is characterized by roughness and grandeur.

The beauty of jade is distinctly different from that of diamonds and colored gemstones. The beauty of diamonds lies in its hardness, clarity and brightness, the beauty of colored gemstones lies in its voluptuousness and colorfulness, while the beauty of jade lies in its delicacy, warmth and subtle elegance.

Alternative explanation: uncut jade.

Alternative Interpretation: Uncarved jade.

Alternative Interpretation: Uncarved jade. More jade and stone. Note: Jade stone, jade Pu also. One said the stone looks like jade also. Our country produces abundant jade, such as Xinjiang's white jade, Yunnan's jadeite, Northeast agate, Cuiyan, Hubei's turquoise, Taiwan, Hainan Island's crystal, Henan's dense jade, Beijing's pink emerald, Hangzhou's Changhua stone, as well as Nanjing's rain agate, etc., are the more famous raw materials for the production of jade.

Jade identification:

First of all, one should carefully read and read more monographs about ancient jade. These academic writings are rich in knowledge. For example, "Ancient Jade Chart Examination" written by Wu Da Zheng at the end of the Qing Dynasty, "The Complete Collection of Chinese Fine Arts: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade Historical Story" by Zhang Guangwen, and "Identification of Ancient Jade" by Hong Kong's Li Yinghao, and so on.

Secondly, direct contact is very important. True ancient jade is old, heavy to the touch, soft and smooth in appearance, natural in color, sharp in knife work, and moist in coating. New jade does not have these feelings. In the Song Dynasty, there were imitations of ancient jade, when some people used rainbow light grass to fake chicken blood qin, and after the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more counterfeits, and there were also creations that had never been seen before, such as "dog jade", "sheep jade", "wind jade", etc., which attracted people to them. "

Jade is the most popular form of jade in the world, and it is the most popular form of jade in the world.

The quality of jade is generally judged from five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, specific gravity and color. The texture of jade refers to the degree of fineness and warmth of the jade. One of the differences between the king and the stone is that jade is delicate in the hand, warm and firm, translucent, and glossy as fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lacks luster, and is also mostly opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade to resist external forces (such as pressure, carving and grinding). The higher the hardness, the more difficult it is to process and the better the quality of the jade. Although the hardness index of jade can be known through instrumental testing of its internal crystal structure, the hardness method of engraving is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in China is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than that of copper and lower than that of glass. That is to say, jade can be engraved on the copper traces, can also be engraved by the glass traces.

People often distinguish gemstones, jade and colored stones by their hardness. Generally speaking, the Mohs hardness of gemstones in 7 or more, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emerald gemstones, but the Opal gemstone is relatively exceptional, its Mohs hardness of 5.5; high hardness jade Mohs hardness of 6-7.5 between, such as Hetian jade, Nanyangyu, Jadeite; the hardness of low-hardness jade between 4-6, such as turquoise, Ciuyu jade (part of the serpentine jade hardness is even lower, can be as low as 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but colored stones.

In addition to engraved hardness, there is another hardness standard called compressive hardness, or indentation hardness, or absolute hardness, which refers to resistance to external striking forces, and is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest compressive hardness in nature is black diamond, labeled as 10 degrees, followed by Hotan Jade, with a compressive hardness of 9 degrees, Jadeite, Ruby, Sapphire at 8 degrees, Diamond, Crystal, Aquamarine at 7-7.5 and so on. Expressed another way, the compressive hardness of Hetian jade is 1,000, jadeite 500, Ciu jade 250, and onyx only 5. Hetian jade has such a high degree of toughness due to the distribution of its crystals, which are woven together like a blanket, and the intermolecular forces are immense.

In practice, jade craftsmen usually view jade by observing the ballast, generally cut off a small piece, broken with a small hammer, observe the fracture, as opposed to the toughness of the glassy. The toughness of the jade, not easy to hit the fracture, even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; And glassy jade fracture, through the section bright, called "bright ballast", similar to the shape of the shell. Between the toughness and glassy jade, usually called "bad", "flesh", its ballast for the grain, parallel bundles, needle-like and so on. Through this observation, it is also possible to observe the presence or absence of deconstructive features in the jade. If there are deconstructive features or cracks, the jade will be broken in the direction of the deconstructive features or cracks when it is struck.

So it can be seen, the toughness of the jade - Hotan Jade, in the process of processing plasticity is very strong, in the same Mohs hardness or higher than its Mohs hardness of precious stones, Hotan Jade in the process of carving, the line will never ballasted chipping, so it is the texture of the fine, moist and zephyr. Of course, the toughness hardness is also affected by the jade impurities, through the determination of toughness hardness can also understand its impurity situation. --This is a relatively large factor in determining the use of a piece of jade, for example, the production of jade Shanzi, vessels on the jade magazine requirements are not very strict, but to do jewelry accessories, the requirements of the jade is pure, uniform.

The hardness of jade is one of the important bases for identifying jade, while the luster of precious stones is likewise a basic criterion for identifying the authenticity and grade of precious stones.

Generally speaking, the luster of precious stones can be simply categorized as "brilliant light", "burning light", "flash" and "weak light". Weak light" several kinds. Splendid light is the strongest brightness, people must squint their eyes, for example, well ground diamonds all-reflective surface has such brightness; burnt light brightness is also very high, dazzling light, hardness of the gemstone polished generally have burnt brightness; flash is the general degree of glass brightness, divided into strong flash and weak flash, the hardness of the jade is generally a strong flash, the hardness of the jade is low for the weak flash; and low hardness of the stone face After polishing, it has the light intensity of weak flash.

In addition to the degree of brightness, luster is also one of the identification characteristics of precious stones. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic luster, refractive index between 2.6-3, such as needle ferrite; adamantine luster, refractive index between 1.9-2.6, such as diamond; glassy luster refractive index between 1.3-1.9, such as jadeite; grease luster, resembling animal fats, the most famous that is the Hetian jade in the goat's fat white jade. Each specific precious stones, has a specific refractive index, instead of material is very difficult in the hardness, density, refractive index, brightness of these various conditions are to do with it, therefore, through the identification of these criteria, will be able to confirm a piece of precious stones identity and initial value.

Currently on the market has appeared to jade powder synthesized by artificial high pressure pseudo-jade, color and hardness are similar to Hetian jade, identification should be particularly careful. True ancient jade has soil seepage, lime seepage, mercury seepage, corpse blood seepage, vermilion seepage, copper seepage, surface oxidation layer, etc., the fake seepage spots are fried, some are fire baked, some are with chemical water erosion. It is important to find out the differences and distinctions between the genuine and the fake in terms of color, luster, thickness and so on. The carved lines on the surface of jade are of different sections, such as V-shaped, semi-circular and U-shaped, etc. The U-shape is an important feature of modern machine processing. Carved line grooves and surface skin bright, in color, pulp and other aspects of the same is genuine; line grooves on both sides of the edge of the hair road chipping phenomenon is a modern "machine work" characteristics.

Ice and jade words jade edge

In our country, jade has a long history and unique meaning. Throughout the ages, people have been using jade as a metaphor for all good things. It can be said that the development of jade culture and the development of Chinese civilization have formed an unbreakable bond.

The beauty of ancient jade lies in the natural beauty of its material, and even more in the beauty of its modeling, carving and inner implication. This humanistic beauty makes jade transcend its natural attribute of "mountain elite". In feudal society, the jade seal has become a symbol of power, synonymous with politics, and history has endowed it with a super-material sense of deification.

The Rites of the Zhou Dynasty - Da Zong Bo records that during the Zhou Dynasty, people made jade as the six instruments to honor the four directions of heaven and earth. There were also ancient people who used jade as the "Six Rays" in order to secure the state and rule the country. Shuowen Jiezi" said jade has "five virtues": moist to warm, the party of benevolence; coupling from the outside can be known, the party of righteousness; clean and not 600, line also; fresh and not dirt, clean also; folding and not scratching, brave also; flaws are suitable to see, fine also; Tibetan Hua gloss and can not phase Ling, Rong also; Knocking, the sound of its clear Mission Cherub far, pure and unadulterated, rhetoric also. Confucius said jade has "ten virtues": the gentleman than the virtue of jade, warm and moist and zephyr, benevolence; Lian and not 60000 yuan, righteousness; pendant and such as the fall, etiquette; knocking the sound of its clear, in order to specialize in the end of the stuttering of the East is also; flaws do not cover the Yu, jade does not hide the flaws, loyalty; Vu Yin by the side of up to the letter, the gas, such as the rainbow back to the sky; spirit of the mountains and rivers through the land; Guizhang special up to the German also; The world is not expensive, the road is also.

Confucius is the founder of Confucianism, and traditional Chinese culture is formed by the interpretation and development of Confucianism as the main culture. Since ancient times, Confucian people have been observing traditional concepts such as "a gentleman is more virtuous than jade" and "a gentleman does not go to the body without a reason".

The development of Chinese jade culture has been consistent with the Chinese civilization, and in 1949, among the designs for the national emblem of the new China, there was the one provided by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, which was based on the main pattern of jade jade, with cogwheels and ears of wheat. In the past two decades, people have revered and loved jade more than in any previous historical period.

In order to enable people to have a more comprehensive understanding of the development of Chinese jade culture and to meet the needs of collection enthusiasts, on April 16, 2007, the Society of Chinese Antiquities launched the "Famous Jades of China's Past Generations" restoration of 10 pieces, ranging from the Neolithic period of the Liangzhu and Hongshan cultures all the way up to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty when the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday, including the Jade Cong, Jade Dragon, Jade Pig Dragon, Jade Juan, Jade Bi, Jade Evil, Double Chi-dragon Earring, Halberd Chi-dragon Vase, Four-footed Square Tripod and Jade Seal. Each piece of jade is the most representative work at that time, most representative of the aesthetic taste of the society at that time, the jade quality is exquisite, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and many pieces of jade are the first time to meet the world in the form of physical objects. The distribution center of jadeite Yunnan Province took the lead in the development of "jadeite grading" of the local standards for the evaluation of jadeite quality indicators for the more scientific provisions of the division, which is a pile of benefits in the development of the industry is a meaningful thing. "Jadeite points pole" standard development, so that people on jadeite and even similar jadeite quality level of cognition, there is a general principle and method. The standard will be jadeite "kind" concept as "texture", as the standard content is usually favored in the professional and theoretical aspects here. We start from the guest's point of view, their own experience and search for some information to the majority of consumers as follows.

1, the old pit species of jadeite

Jadeite commonly known as "pit glass species", usually with glass luster, its texture is delicate and pure without flaws, the color is pure, bright, rich, uniform emerald green; the old pit species of jadeite fibers intertwined with the metamorphic structure of the main, hard main crystal grains are very fine, therefore, with the naked eye is extremely difficult to see! "Jade sex"; old pit species of jadeite in the light irradiation was translucent - transparent, is the top or the very best in the jadeite. In successive jewelry auctions or trade fairs, its price repeatedly hit high.

2, ice kind of jadeite

Texture and the old pit kind of similarities, colorless or less colorful, ice kind of jadeite is characterized by the outer layer of the surface of the luster is very good, semi-transparent to transparent, bright like water to give a person with the feeling of ice Qingyu Ying. If the ice kind of jadeite has flocculent or intermittent vein band blue color, it is called this kind of jadeite for "blue flower ice", is the ice kind of jadeite in a common varieties. Ice jade often to make bracelets or pendants. There is no obvious difference between the value of colorless Ice Jadeite and "Blue Flower Ice" Jadeite, and its actual price depends mainly on people's preferences. In the market, a good pair of icy bracelet, usually worth tens of thousands of yuan. Ice type is the upper middle grade or middle grade jadeite.

3, water species of jadeite

The structure of its jade is slightly coarser than the old pit glass species, luster, transparency is also slightly lower than the old pit glass species and similar or comparable to the ice species. It is characterized by translucent as water but soft luster, a closer look at its internal structure, can be seen a little masking ripples, or a small number of dark cracks and grains, and occasionally see a very small number of impurities, cotton willow. Some connoisseurs say that the water kind of jadeite is pale or colorless, slightly poorer quality of the old pit kind of jadeite. It is a variety of jade in the upper middle grade, occasionally see the upper grade.

Water species of jadeite common four cases: colorless called "water"; with a light, uniform green, it is called "green water"; with uniform, light blue, called "blue water"; with shallow and uniform green, it is called "blue water"; with shallow and uniform green, it is called "blue water"; with uniform, light blue, it is called "blue water". "Blue water"; with a light and uniform purple color, known as "purple water". The price in the market to clear water, purple water for the top, and green water, blue water second.

4, violet emerald

This is a color like violet flower purple emerald, the jewelry industry will also be called violet color "Tsubaki" or "spring color". With a "general color" of jadeite high, medium and low grades, not as long as it is violet, it must be worth money, is the best, but also must be combined with the texture, transparency, craftsmanship level and other quality indicators for comprehensive evaluation.

The jadeite on the purple is generally not deep, the jadeite industry according to the different shades of purple hue, the jadeite in the purple divided into pink violet, eggplant purple and blue violet, pink violet is usually finer texture, better transparency, eggplant violet, second, blue violet again.

Purple jadeite in the yellow light observation, will appear to be deeper purple than the actual, so should be viewed in natural light is good, consumers should pay attention to this. For the evaluation of this variety, with good transparency, fine and flawless structure, pink and purple uniformity is good; if the purple for the bottom, with green on it, very elegant, should be the best.

5, white background green jadeite

White background green is characterized by the bottom white as frost, green on the white background appears very bright, white and green clearly. This variety of jadeite is extremely easy to identify, green on the white background was jade-like distribution, poor transparency, opaque or slightly transparent; jade pieces with fibers and fine-grained mosaic structure, but the fine-grained structure is dominant; observed under a microscope (to be enlarged 30-40 times) the surface of the common aperture or uneven structure. The variety is mostly mid-grade jadeite, a few green and white, green and colorful and color shape, color bottom very coordinated, can be classified as high-grade varieties.

6, flower green jadeite

Color (emerald green) was vein-shaped distribution, very irregular; texture coarse and fine, translucent. Its base color is light green or other colors, such as light gray or bean green, its structure is mainly fibers and fine - medium grain structure. The characteristics of flower green jadeite is uneven green, some more dense, some more sparse, color has dark and light. There is also a structure in the flower green jadeite only grain, water feeling is not enough, because of its rough structure, so the transparency is often very poor. The flower green belongs to the mid-grade or low-grade grade of jadeite.

7, red jadeite

Color bright red or orange-red jadeite, it is easy to see in the market. The color of red jadeite is formed only after the generation of jadeite crystals, the Department of hematite infiltration. The color of red jadeite is often bright red or deep red, good red jadeite color is good, with a glassy luster, its transparency is translucent. Red Fei products are often mid-range or low-grade goods, but there are also high-grade red Fei color bright, delicate texture, very beautiful, is loved by the people, with the auspicious color of jadeite in the boutique.

8, yellow and brown jadeite

Color from yellow to brown or brown jadeite, this series of color jadeite products can be found everywhere in the market. Their colors are also formed after the generation of hard jade crystals, often distributed on top of the red layer, which is caused by limonite impregnation. In the market, red jadeite is valued higher than yellow jadeite, which is higher than brown jadeite, with brown jadeite being the second most expensive. However, there are also cases where the price is different from the norm due to people's favorites and the unique characteristics of the jewelry.

9, bean seed jadeite

Short for bean seed, is a very common variety of jadeite family. Its name is very graphic; bean seed crystal particles are large more short columnar, like grains of beans arranged in the jade interior, with the naked eye can be clearly seen these crystals interface. Because of the grain rough, so the appearance of jade is inevitably rough, its luster, transparency is often not good, the jadeite business community called it "water dry". Bean seed in the jade belongs to the middle and low-grade varieties, the price is not high. Bean seed can be subdivided into coarse beans (grain greater than 3mm), fine beans (grain less than 3mm), sugar beans and ice beans.

Old business said jadeite "thirty-six water, seventy-two beans", referring to the many varieties of jadeite, rather than bean seed jadeite seventy-two kinds of more.

10, hibiscus species of jadeite

Hibiscus species for short, this variety of jadeite is generally light green, does not contain yellow tones, green is more clear, pure, and sometimes the bottom of a slightly pink. Its texture is finer than the bean seeds, in 10 times magnification can be observed on the internal grain structure of jadeite, but the boundary of the jadeite crystal particles is very fuzzy, its surface glassy luster, transparency between the old pit species and fine bean seeds, translucent; its color is not strong, but very elegant, although not enough to penetrate, but not dry, very durable, belonging to the mid-range or mid-range slightly on the side of the jadeite in the market at an appropriate price, so for the The working class consumers love, called the variety of good value for money.

11, horse teeth kind of jadeite

The texture is fine, but opaque, surface luster as porcelain. Horsetooth species of jadeite is mostly green, look closely at the bottom of the pan green-white, green often have a very cumbersome hint of white stripes, sometimes visible clumps of white cotton or dark green color spots. The value of horse teeth is not high in today's market, and it is a mid-range product. Most of the jade pieces in the market are slab fingers, smokers' mouthpieces and smokers' pots.

12, Lotus Root Powder Jadeite

The texture is as delicate as lotus root powder, the color is light pinkish purple-red (light spring color), is a good raw material for handicrafts. The structure of lotus root powder species is similar to that of hibiscus species, and when observed under 10 times magnification, jadeite grains can be seen, but they are finer than those of hibiscus species and the interface between the grains is very fuzzy. Characterized by: jade pieces throughout the body as fine as the lotus root powder, light pinkish purple-red often with Cui **** raw, forming a harmonious combination. Many jadeite large pieces commonly used lotus root powder species carved.

13, wide piece

It is characterized by green dark or black, coarse texture, head dry. This variety of jadeite is high green in transmitted light and dark green on reflected light. When it is cut into thin slices, it is green colorful and delightful. It was once prevalent in the south of China, especially in Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City, hence its name. Now exactly, "wide piece" is a kind of jadeite thin slice processing method, its purpose is in the processing of poor transparency, the color of dark green jadeite jade, clever application of thickness and color and transparency of the relationship between when the jade cut and grind Chengdu city 1mm or so thin slice, jadeite jadeite color in the dark color obviously weakened or even disappeared, and the green becomes Prominent and colorful, transparency has also been greatly improved. Good wide piece with platinum, white K gold and other precious metals after the edge, looks noble and not vulgar, in the market price is not expensive. At present, the wide piece is often used to make tags, pendants and other jewelry, favored by consumers such as white-collar stage layer.

14, cui silk species of jadeite

This is a texture, color are good jadeite, in the market belongs to the high-grade jade. Cui silk species of jadeite toughness is very good, the green color is silk, ribbed parallel arrangement. There is a point of view will be on the shallow bottom (in) green veins, filament distribution of jade collectively referred to as CuiSiShiShi species, I think it is not right. Silky green color is not necessarily Cuishi species, Cuishi species of jadeite should also have two characteristics: First, the green color is bright, color shape is a bar, filament arranged into a smooth silk, piece of silk in the shallow bottom; Second, it is very development of directional structure, jadeite crystals were fine fibrous elongated directional arrangement, suggesting that it is in the process of growth by the role of the strong stress, so the jade pieces of the toughness of the very high.

The jadeite with bright green color, thick strip, strip area accounted for a large proportion of the overall area is good. On the contrary, jade pieces with light green color and sparse bands are of lower quality and much cheaper.

In the past books, the color (green or yellow) is silk, ribbed parallel arrangement, at the same time with the directional structure of the jadeite uniformly called "Jinshi species", I thought that the "Jinshi" and the "Jade silk". "Jade silk" separate, will be more understandable, more conducive to the identification of varieties, differentiation and appreciation. If in a piece of jadeite at the same time with a parallel arrangement of green, yellow filaments or ribbons, it can be called "Jin Cui species" - with the gold and Cui silk jadeite.

15, Jinshi species

In the light background contains yellow, orange-yellow, color shape in the form of bars, filaments arranged in parallel and the development of directional structure of the jadeite - in addition to the color and CuiSiShi species is different, the other characteristics and CuiSiShi species is the same.

16, oil green Jadeite

Oil green seed or oil dip for short, is the market everywhere in the low-grade Jadeite, commonly used in the production of pendants, bracelets, also made into a ring. The green of the oil green species is obviously not pure, containing gray, blue components, so more dull, not bright. Its crystal structure is mostly fibrous, more delicate, its transparency is still good, and even have a better transparency. If its color is deeper, in the jade world also called "melon skin oil green".

17, Bashan Jade

"Bashan Jade" produced in Burma's northern region of Sma, the transparency of the original stone is very poor, the color is relatively rich, light purple, light green, green or blue-gray and other colors, it is a lower grade, containing amphibole, sodium feldspar and other minerals of special jadeite. Due to the many impurities, coarse structure and poor water head of Bashan Jade raw stone, it has to be artificially processed in order to be made into decorative items. The Bashan jade in the market is actually the jadeite B goods obtained by acid washing and injection.

This variety of artificial treatment, bright colors, good transparency, also known as the "new jade", is the most popular jade B goods over the years. Bashan Jade has four main characteristics: more color, more black and large blocks, a piece of jewelry is often both green, purple, white; coarse grains, loose structure, sound muffled on impact; low hardness, the hardness of Bashan Jade is often 6, and most of the jadeite varieties of the hardness of 6.5-7; light weight, that is, the density is small, the Bashan Jade's density is lower than 3.32g/cm3. However, after treatment, Bashan Jade does have good ornamental and practical value, and because of its low price, it is more suitable for young women who do not have high income to wear. It should be noted that the structure of Bashan Jade has been damaged and its durability is poor, so it has no collector's value and no possibility of retaining its value.

18, dry white kind of jadeite

is the texture of coarse, poor transparency of white or light grayish-white jadeite, jadeite connoisseurs on its evaluation is: seed coarse, water dry, not wet. This variety of colorless or light color, with the naked eye can see the boundaries between the grains, so the appearance of the structure of the rough, the use and ornamental value is low, is a low-grade varieties of jadeite.

19, ink Jade

At first glance, black shiny, it is easy to be mistaken for Hetian jade in the nephrite or other black precious stones, but in the transmitted light on the observation, it is more translucent, and black through green. The Burmese use the term "lover's shadow" to describe black jade, and the Chinese have named it "black cui". Ink Cui usually can not be counted as high-grade jadeite, but with its made of jewelry with special meaning, such as ink Cui made of "Zhong Kui to drive away evil spirits," a class of pendants, ornaments, the price is not low.

20, Iron Long Sheng

is a bright green, but varying shades of color, poor transparency, loose structure, columnar crystals are arranged in a certain direction of the mid-range jadeite, often seen in the market. "Tie Long Sheng" taken from the voice of the Burmese language, Burmese "Tie Long Sheng" means full green. China's Hong Kong region, a jadeite expert will be translated into "Tianlongsheng", making it a noble and lovely meaning, therefore, "Iron Dragon Sheng" in some places also known as "Tianlongsheng".

Because of the rough texture, poor transparency, "Tielongsheng" price in the market is not high; and because of the color is good, bright green, it is popular with consumers. "Iron Long Sheng" used to do thin leaves, thin water butterflies and other pendants, the effect is better also used to do its carved beads, carved bracelets and other full of green jade pieces. Because "iron dragon life" green rich, its thin piece made of ornaments, has a high ornamental and use value, such as with platinum inlaid thin corsage, pendant, with gold inlaid iron dragon life jewelry, gold and jade contrast, rich and generous, very popular.

21, dry green varieties

It is characterized by the color yellow-green, dark green to dark green, with black spots, often cracked, opaque, appears very dry, referred to as dry green species. Dry green species of mineral composition is mainly sodium chromium pyroxene, also contains jadeite and other mineral components. 1990s before, people have been listed as a variety of jadeite family. 90s later, by the jewelry industry, geological experts and scholars repeatedly argued and explored that the dry green species should not be known as jadeite, but should be designated as a jadeite and jadeite close relationship with jadeite species. Dry green species value in general, commonly used as a pendant or pendant, because for a long time people have been regarded as a "special Jadeite", it is listed here as a special case.

The above to you a brief introduction to the market in the common 21 varieties of jadeite, of course, in the family of jadeite, there are other varieties, due to the market is not seen so do not go into detail.

The wearer is of course the glass seed, ice seed is good. Particularly need to emphasize is that now the merchants often as long as a little transparent all called ice, really unscrupulous, need to pay attention to identify.