What are the classics of national education?

Question 1: What are the Classics of Chinese Culture? The Classics of Chinese Culture is the essence of traditional Chinese culture, which has a great influence on China's politics, economy, military and other aspects, and plays an important role in the inheritance of civilization, the enhancement of national cohesion, as well as the revival of the Chinese nation. The classics of Chinese culture are the most excellent, the best and the most valuable works of Chinese culture. They are the best of the best in Chinese culture and the most valuable and exemplary writings. They are the best of the best in Chinese culture and the best in Chinese culture.

Classical Chinese books:

Thirteen classic books

Zhou Yi, Shang Dynasty, Poetry, Zhouli, Rites, Rituals, Zuozhuan, Gongyangzhuan, Gu Liangzhuan, Analects, Xiaojing, Erya, Mencius, Rituals

Other

The four books of chapters and verses of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Spring and Autumn Drupal, the new version of the Zheng's Zhouyi, the Great Rites, the Han poetry outside the Biographies

The Yiwei is the class of the plan, Yiwei, Kun Lingtu, Yiwei, Qianyuan, the order of the system of records, Lu's easy to explain the middle age.

Dong Po Yi Chuan Zhou Yi Justice Easy Learning Poetry Classic Shang Dynasty Justice Yi Chuan

Han Shi Wai Chuan Mao Poetry Justice Tai Quan Xiang Li Shen Yi Kao Error Shen Yi Kao

Ceremonial Rites Notes Ritual Justice Zhou Li Notes Spring and Autumn Zuo Chuan Justice University

Spring and Autumn Valley Liang Chuan Notes Filial Piety Classic Notes Spring and Autumn Gongyang Chuan Notes Zhou Yi Sang Tongqi University Collected Notes

Meng Zi Collected Notes The Mediocre Chinese Version The Analects of Confucius

Liao History, Jin History, Yuan History, Ming History, Qing History

Other

Ziji Tongjian Ren Ziji Tongjian, Tang Cai Zi Zhuan, Zhenguan Zheng Guan Political Essentials, Yi Zhou Shu

Ancient Lian Nü Zi, Xu Xiake's Travels, Records of the Western Regions of the Great Tang, Records of the Years of Jing and Chu, The Warring States Strategies

The Chronicles of the Former Han Dynasty The Chronicles of the Later Han Dynasty, Records of the State of Huayang, Records of the Eastern Guan Han Dynasty The Tong Dinar

Tang Huayao, Records of the Laws of Tang and the Sparse Consultations of the Sun Quan, Sun Quan and Autumn Annals of the Sun Quan, Records of the Gala of Luoyang, Records of Yue Jie Shu

Former Han Dynasty Records Jiangwu Zhi Gangnam Wild History Five Kingdoms Story Yecheng Records

Three Chu New Records Gangnam Remaining Records Sun Quan History Kyushu Spring and Autumn Festival Vietnamese Historical Strategy

Dongguan Sangji Bei Hunting Records Bamboo Book Chronicle Five Dynasties History Que Wen Official Prospectus

Ping Song Records Dajin Hanging Records Songmao Chronicle Hanlin Zhi Biographies High Scholarships Biographies

Li Xiangguo Discussions Collections Red Pine Mountain Zhi Real La Terroir Records Jing Chu Yearly Records North

Yueyang Terroir Records Xiban Congxiao Wuzhong Water Conservancy Book Age Hua Jili Spectrum Wu Di Ji

Pingjiang Records Nanyue Xiaolu Lingbiao Records of the strange Tokyo Menghua Records of the Terroir Records

Yibu Fangxu Liaojie Tour of Chengnan Records Chunxi Sanshan Records Guilin Terroir Records North Korea Fugue

Southern Song Capital City Records Guihai Yuheng Zhi Luoyang Famous Garden Records of the Southern Plants and Trees Records of the State of Buddha

Locust catching Examination of the Song dynasty Facts Qing Laws and Regulations Three Kingdoms Miscellaneous History Tong

Subdivision

Military Books

Seven Books of Martial Arts

Sun Tzu's Art of War Wu Tzu's Art of War Six Towers Sima's Law

Three Strategies Yuliao Tzu Tang and Li Asked for the Right

Other Military Books

Sun Bin's Art of War A Hundred Battles of Wonderful Strategies Gripping Wonderful Scriptures Practicing Warfare The Actual Records The General's Court Dr. Ho's Commentary on Preparation

The Thirty-six Stratagems The Record of Defending the City The Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu The Great Strategy of Qiankun The Brief Commentary on Mo Zi's Articles on Defending the City

The System of Soldiering The Classic of the Yin Runes The Taibai Yinjing The System of Soldiering in the Past Generations The Book of Su Theory of Preparation

Other Sonships

Mo Tzu Lie Zi Zhuang Tzu Xun Zi

Shen Jian Sheng Yuan Xinyu On Heng

Tea Classic, Chess Classic, Zhong Lun Deng Zi

Gai Lu Zi Zhi, Qianfu Lun Beginner's Record

Luoyang Peony Record, The Complete Works of Wang Shouren, Forty-two Chapters of Scripture, On Heng

Mengxi Bianchuan, Taiping Guangji, Confucius' Commentary, Han Feizi

Guigu Zi, Returning to the Farm, Tang Xinyi, Gongsun Long Zi

Sanshen Ji, The Story of Searching for Gods, The Story of Searching for Gods, The Book of Changes, The Classic of the Mountains and the Seas, Annotations

Art and Culture Classical Collections Biography of Mu Tianzi Tang Offerings Yan's Family Trainings

Ancient Paintings Pinnacle Records Salt and Iron Treatise Biography of Song Monks Guang Hongming Collection

Laozi Tao Te Ching Obtusely Recorded Miscellaneous Recordings of Hongming Collection Xuanmu Zhi

Shishuo Xinyi Golden Chamber Essentials Commentary Nine Chapters of the Art of Arithmetic Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals

The Yellow Emperor's Internal Medicine Classic Lingshu Jing The Yellow Emperor's Internal Medicine Classic Suwen Remarks on Typhoid Theory Note

The Original Meanings of the Difficult Classics Shennong Ben Cao Jing Kong Cong Zi Baopu Zi Nei Zhang

Dafa Yan Yi Shuo Feng Yun Yi i Guan Zi Qi Min Yao Shu

Qianfu Lun Fan Zi Ji Ran Xijing Miscellany Yan Zi Chun Qiu

Zhou Thighs Calculating Scripture Zhu Zi Language Classes Shan Fang Suibi Lin Quan Gao Zhi Jie

Wu Zi Art of War Unknown Yinchu Shan Yuluo Zi Sima Fayi Wen Qunshu Zhengyi San Liu

Sun Zi Liao Xue Water Battle Art of War Unknown Qunshu Zhiyao Six Towers Six Towers Written by Dunhuang

Huaiwang Tomb Bamboo Slip Six Towers Six Towers Yat Wen Han Tomb Bamboo Slip Six Towers Six Towers Laozi's Annotated Works

Fan Li's Art of War Unknown Taigong's Art of War ...... >>

Question 2: What is the national science National Science, a country's inherent academic also. National science and literature and math mean different, not the country of the study of Chuan the governance of the country. Generally speaking, the national science refers to Confucianism as the main body of traditional Chinese culture and scholarship. National studies is the traditional Chinese culture and academic, also includes medicine, theater, painting and calligraphy, astrology, mathematics and so on. National studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, edition, etc., in which Confucian philosophy is the main stream; in order to divide the ideas, it should be divided into the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc., national studies to the "Siku Quanshu" points, it should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, set, the master of the national academy of zhang taiyan, "national academy of the book of lectures," the points, it is divided into the elementary school, the scriptures, history, the scholars, and literature. The first is the "Literature", and the second is the "History".

Question 3: What are the classics? What books are included in the classics of Chinese studies? Classics: Dictionary of Classics explains classics as "exemplary scriptures";

The Modern Chinese Dictionary interprets classics as "authoritative writings";

Mr. Nan Huaijin, the famous master of Chinese studies, believes that.

According to Mr. Nan Huaijin, a famous master of Chinese studies, "Classics are the crystallization of knowledge concentrated in various aspects, such as humanities and natural sciences";

According to Dr. Wang Caigui, an expert in global classical education, "Classics are the most valuable and useful knowledge of human society";

According to Professor Wang Bingzhao of Peking University, "Classics are the most valuable and useful knowledge of human society. According to Professor Wang Bingzhao of Peking University, "Classics are the essence of human civilization and the wealth of all mankind";

An article in People's Daily reads, "Classics are the cultural treasures that have been refined by time and precipitated by history."

Through the above mentioned articles, we can see that the classics are the most valuable and useful knowledge in human society.

Through the definition and enlightenment of the above celebrities, we can understand that the classics are the original books that are y rooted in people's hearts, have far-reaching influence, never depreciate in value, remain immortal for thousands of years, and are passed down from generation to generation, and are the cultural treasures of the Chinese nation and the essence of culture.

Chinese Culture Classics:

The Chinese Culture Classics are the best, most essential and most valuable works of Chinese culture.

Chinese culture classics education (referred to as Chinese classics education, classic education, reading education):

Chinese culture classics education is a purposeful, planned and organized educational activities to carry out the recitation of Chinese classic poetry and literature. Simply put, it is an educational activity for students to carry out the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Some people also call it the educational activity of Chinese culture fault reorganization project. This educational activity is an important supplement to the existing school education, is an important part of the comprehensive implementation of quality education, is an important form of learning Chinese culture, Chinese culture, promote Chinese culture, promote Chinese culture, is the inheritance of Chinese civilization, enhance humanistic literacy, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation's major strategic initiatives.

The essence of the Chinese classics can enrich our spiritual world, enhance national cohesion, harmonize the relationship between human beings and nature as well as the relationship between human beings and human beings, and motivate human beings to use their own mastery of technology to the right way to benefit human beings, which is a great use of the uselessness of the Chinese studies, and a great use of the uselessness of the humanities.

National studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, version, etc., in which Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; to the ideological points, it should be divided into the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the other columns are subordinate position; national studies to the "Siku Quanshu" points, it should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, and the collection, but the scriptures, the Department of the son is the most important, especially the Department of the scriptures The national science to the "Siku Quanshu" points, should be divided into four parts: Jing, History, Zi, Collection, but the Jing and Zi Department, especially in favor of the Department of the Jing; to the master of the national academy, Zhang Taiyan, "Lectures on the National Academy of Sciences" points, is divided into elementary school, the Jing, history, the sons of and literature.

The Siku Quanshu is the largest official book in ancient China, and also the largest book series in ancient China.

According to the Wenjinge collection, the book *** contains 3450 books on the classics, history, and the sons of the collection, 79,072 volumes, and more than 36,000 books)

The classics: the University, the Medieval Times, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the Book of Poetry, the Book of History, the Book of Songs, the Rites of Passage, the Yi of the Zhou dynasty, the Left Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Book of Erya, and the Book of Filial Piety

The history: the Classic of the Mountains and the Seas, the biography of the Mu Tien Tzu, the State Language, the Warring States, the Records of the Historical Society, the Commentary on the Classic of Waters, the Records of the Gala of Luoyang

Zi: Laozi, Zhuangzi, Gongsun Longzi, Hanfeizi, Huainanzi, Liezi, Mozi, Xunzi, Sunzi's Art of War, Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, Yin Wenzi, Xinshu, Fayan, Guigu Zi, Yan's Family Tradition, Suwen, Nine Chapters of the Art of Arithmetic, Konsilu, Yin Fu Jing, the Weekly Book of Songs, the Yellow Emperor's Inner Scene Scripture, the Yellow Emperor's Outer Scene Scripture, the Induction Chapter of the Supreme Council of State, the Diamond Sutra, Forty-two chapters of scripture, the Heart Sutra, the Sixth Patriarchal Sutra, the Tea Sutra, and the Book of Tea, the Book of Tea. The six ancestors altar scripture, tea scripture, Lefu miscellany, Luoyang peony scripture, chess scripture thirteen, Linquan Gaozhi, Soshenji, Shishu Xinyi, Youxian Grotto, Journey to the West, Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of the Red Chamber, Liaozhai Zhiyi Collection: Chu Qu, the six dynasties of the Wenqi, the three hundred poems in Tang Dynasty, the most wonderful words, the Guanjie of the ancient texts, Wenxin Diao Long, Poetry, the twenty-four Poetry, the Sixth Poems, the words of human life, the Western Wing, the sinus gland, the Peony Pavilion

Question 4: What is National Studies? Generally speaking, national education refers to the traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since the national education is the traditional Chinese culture and academic, then undoubtedly also includes medicine, theater, painting and calligraphy, astrology, numerology and so on, which of course belongs to the scope of the national education, but can also be said to be the extension of the national education.

The national school originally referred to the national academy, such as the Imperial College, the State Prison. National education refers to the study of a saying that arose in the historical period of Western learning and cultural transformation. It emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, began to flourish in the 1920s; in mainland China, after the end of the Cultural Revolution, the freedom of thought and academic freedom has gradually been restored, the space of traditional Chinese culture and art gradually expanding, after the 1980s, the "national education" resurfaced to the present.

The term "nationalism" arose in the historical period of the East-West gradualism and cultural transformation. As for the definition of nationalism, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous writers have different opinions and are not sure what to say. Universal statement such as the nationalists Deng Chen really wrote an article in 1906, said: what is the national academy? All of a country's learning. There is a land and life on it, due to become a country, there is a country that has its own learning. The one who learns, learns a country's learning for the country's use, and self-governance of a country. （Mr. Deng's concept of national education is very broad, but he mainly emphasized its practicality in the world.

National studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, edition, etc., of which Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; to the ideological points, it should be divided into the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the other columns are subordinate to the status of the national science of the Siku Quanshu points, it should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, and the collection, but the scriptures, son, especially the scriptures and the son, are more important, especially the scriptures. The Chinese studies should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji, but the Jing and Zi parts are emphasized, especially the Jing part; the master of Chinese studies, Zhang Taiyan, is divided into elementary school, Jing, Shi, Zi, and literature.

Zhang Taiyan in his "Introduction to Chinese studies", said: the essence of Chinese studies is the history of the scriptures, non-mythological, the classics, non-religious, history, non-fiction and legend; the method of Chinese studies is to identify the authenticity of the secretary, through the elementary school, geography, and to know the ancient and modern human changes and identify the literature should be ingot.

Deng Shi, a nationalist, said: "What is a national scholar? All of a country's learning. There is a land and life on it, because to become a country, there is a country that has its own learning. The one who learns, learns from a country's learning for the country's use, and self-governance of a country." ("National Studies Seminar", Journal of Nationalism, Vol. 19)

Question 5: What are the classics of the National Science?

Meanwhile

One of the Four Books, the philosophy of Confucianism.

The Analects

One of the Four Books, a collection of the words of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism.

Mencius

One of the Four Books, a Confucian classic known for its "theory of goodness".

The Book of Poetry

One of the Five Classics, the first collection of poetry in China.

Sangsang

One of the Five Classics, China's first book of history.

Ritual

One of the Five Classics, China's first book of rituals.

Zhou Yi

One of the Five Classics, the first philosophical canon in China.

Zhou Yi

Zhou Yi

Zhou Yi, one of the Five Classics, is the earliest chronicle of China.

Erya

China's first encyclopedic dictionary.

Xiaojing

The theoretical basis of filial piety in China.

History

The Classic of Mountains and Seas

The Warriors? Anonymous

China's oldest work of geography, the oldest museum book, and the oldest mythological fiction story.

Mu Tian Zi Biography

Warring States? Anonymous

China's earliest travelogue.

Guo Guo

Warring States? Anonymous

The earliest country history in China.

Warring States Strategy

Western Han Dynasty? Liu Xiang Collection

The strategy book of lobbying and debating of the strategists during the Warring States period.

The Records of History

Han? Sima Qian

China's first chronicle of general history, pioneering the first chronicle of historiography and biography.

The Book of Waters

Northern Wei? Li Daoyuan

The most comprehensive and systematic work on geography in China before the sixth century.

Luoyang Galanji

The latter Wei Dynasty? Yang Xuanzhi

A model work of temple and pagoda records in existing literature and history.

The Essentials of Jeongguan

The Tang Dynasty. Wu Jing

A monograph on the ruling techniques of ancient emperors, and a guideline for later generations of rulers.

Shi Tong

Tang? Liu Zhiqi

The first historical commentary in Chinese history.

The first monograph of historical commentary in China's history. Zhang Xuecheng

It is a representative of the theory of ancient Chinese historiography.

Bibliography

Qing Dynasty? Zhang Zhidong

A must-read bibliography to guide the path of learning, which has benefited a generation of scholars.

The Son Section

Lao Tzu

Spring and Autumn Annals? Li Er

"The most essential book of Taoism." (Liang Qichao)

Zhuangzi

Warring States? Zhuang Zhou

The most colorful philosophical work of pre-Qin.

Lie Zi

The Warring States period? Lie Yikou

often say what people have not said, "the gas is great and strange" (Wen Xin Diao Long)

Han Fei Zi

The Warring States period? Han Fei

The work of the master of the legal doctrine of the Warring States period

Huainanzi

Western Han? Liu An

A masterpiece of neo-Taoism in the early Han Dynasty.

Gongsun Longzi

Warring States? Gongsun Long

A masterpiece of the famous Warring States period, who created the earliest logic in China.

Mozi

Warring States? Mo Zhai

A representative work of the Moist school of thought during the Warring States period.

Xunzi

Warring States? Xunzheng

A work that summarizes the teachings of pre-Qin Confucianism.

The Art of War

Spring and Autumn Annals? Sun Wu

China's earliest existing military book, is also the world's earliest military writings.

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Shi

The Warring States?

Lü Buwei

Synthesized a hundred schools of thought and constructed a theory of unification. It is a masterpiece of the doctrine of the Hundred Schools of Thought.

Yin Wenzi

Warring States? Yin Wen

The originator of the "Song Yin" school of thought, Yin Wen's monograph on magic and names.

New book

Western Han Dynasty? Jia Yi

An outstanding collection of political essays of the Han Dynasty, which Lu Xun described as "Western Han's Great Writings".

The Laws of the Western Han Dynasty

The Laws of the Western Han Dynasty

The Laws of the Western Han Dynasty.

Yang Xiong

The first monograph criticizing Confucianism.

Guigu Zi

The originator of the school of longitudinal and vertical studies, and the treasure of the school of war.

Yan's Family Training

Northern Qi? Yan Zhiwei

This is the ancestor of ancient and modern family training.

Huangdi Neijing Suwen

China's earliest surviving more systematic and complete medical text.

The Nine Chapters of Arithmetic

The first major mathematical monograph in China.

The Record of Recent Thoughts

Song? Zhu Xi

An introductory book to science, containing all the essence of Zhu Zi's thought.

Yin Fu Jing

According to legend, Su Qin became the prime minister of the six states after obtaining this book (the "Strategies of the Warring States").

Zhouyi sengtongqi

Han? Wei Boyang

The earliest work on the principles of alchemy, known as the "King of the ancient Danjing".

Huang Ting Nei Jing Jing

The basic theory and method of Taoist internal cultivation, known as "The Wonderful Code of Longevity".

Huang Ting Wai Jing Jing

Huang Ting Induction Chapter

Song? Li Changling's note

A book of exhortation widely circulated among the people.

The Diamond Sutra

Translated by Hatamarishi in the late Qin Dynasty.

The fundamental classic of Mahayana Buddhism, the "King of Sutras".

Forty-two chapters

The first Buddhist classic to come to China from India.

The Heart Sutra

Tang? Xuanzang translation

The core classic of the Prajna division.

Sixth Patriarchal Sutra

Tang? Shi Huineng

The most important text of Zen Buddhism, a masterpiece of Chinese Buddhism.

Tea Sutra

Tang? Lu Yu

China's first book on tea.

Lefu ...... >>

Question 6: What is included in the Chinese national education This is now a lot of controversy. National studies generally refers to the inherent learning of our country, the interpretation of the heirloom classics. For example, the "Three Character Classic", some say that is considered a national science, some people think that this is just a children's primer, can not be counted as a study, there is no good research well ~

Usually, the content of the national science in accordance with the four libraries in accordance with the arrangement of the example, including the scripture, history, son, set. These four parts of the detailed content do not need me to describe in detail, right ~

Question 7: What is included in the national science? The scope of national science is quite wide, mainly the study of ancient Chinese philosophy, history of thought, language, literature, history, science and technology, catalog version of the study, the modern famous national science of Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Luo Zhenyu, Hu Shi, Chen Yinkeng, Huang Jigang, Zhu Xizu, Wen Yiduo, Tang Yijie, Cai Shangsi, Gu Jiegang, Zhang Daiyin, Jiang Liangfu, Ren Jiyu, Zhu Jihai, and so on.

Question 8: What is Nationalism? National studies, can be translated as "guoxue" (phonetic), "en:Sinology" (Italian translation, refers to Chinese studies or Sinology). In the narrow sense, Guoxue refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship, with Confucianism as the main body. Nowadays, the commonly mentioned National Studies refers to a unique and complete set of cultural and academic systems based on the pre-Qin classics and the study of the sons of Confucius, covering the two Han scriptures, the Wei and Jin metaphysics, the Song and Ming ethics, and the same period of the Han fugue, the Sixth Dynasty ekphrastic writings, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan dynasty compositions, the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as the historiography of the past dynasties. Therefore, in a broad sense, ancient and modern Chinese culture and scholarship, including history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, and even painting and calligraphy, music, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. are all the scope of the National Studies.

History

National studies originally referred to national institutions of learning, such as the Imperial College and the Imperial College. The theory of national education refers to learning, which arose in the late Qing Dynasty during the historical period of Western learning and cultural transformation, and was originally called "middle school", later renamed "national education". It emerged at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and began to flourish in the 1920s. In mainland China, freedom of thought and academic freedom was gradually restored after the end of the Cultural Revolution, and the bluffing of traditional Chinese culture and art was gradually enlarged, with the resurgence of the "National Studies" after the 1980s.

In the 20th century, the development of Chinese studies was clearly impacted by the influence of Western studies. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the idea of "secondary school as a body, Western learning as a use" and "the world of the world" emerged, and the term "national education" was proposed only because of Western learning, and "national education" was regarded as the "soul of the country" by traditional Chinese scholars. After the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China, various new Western ideas were introduced into China, and under the influence of the New Culture Movement and the May Fourth Movement, the Westernization school despised it as "national dregs", while many intermediaries called it "Nationalism", and those who defended the traditional culture called it "National Essence"; the Scholarship School, which promoted the National Essence and the development of Chinese culture, did not claim to be a national school. In recent years, with the changes in China's politics, economy, culture and ideology, the value of traditional Chinese culture and thought has become more and more recognized by more and more people, and the development of nationalism has begun to revive.

Meaning and Classification

The Journal of History and Geography explains National Studies: "The name of National Studies is difficult to determine its meaning. It is difficult to determine the meaning of the name "National Studies". Analyzing it, China's original academics could have been divided into various disciplines. In terms of disciplines, it should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, rituals and customs, koan, ethics, and editions, etc. Among them, philosophy is dominated by Confucianism. Philosophy to Confucianism as the mainstream philosophy, including Taoism, Buddhism, the hundred schools of thought, etc.; thought points, should be divided into the pre-Qin sons, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, Confucianism through and dominate the history of Chinese thought, the other columns subordinate position.

National studies to the "Siku Quanshu" points, should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, set, but to the scriptures, son of the Department of the important, especially in favor of the Department of the scriptures. Although Chinese Buddhism draws heavily on Confucianism and Taoism, it is not native to China, so it is controversial whether it can be categorized as a national study. According to Zhang Taiyan's Lectures on National Studies, National Studies is divided into Primary School, Scripture, History, Sons, and Literature; in his Introduction to National Studies, Zhang Taiyan said: the essence of National Studies is that Scripture and History are not myths, the Classics and the Sons are not religions, and History is not a novel or a legend; and the methods of treating National Studies are to identify the authenticity of the clerks, to understand the Primary School, to understand the geography, to know the changes of the people in the past and present, and to identify the application of literature. Gu really "National Studies Series" in the release of the speech, the national science for elementary school, scripture, history, the sons, the Buddhist canon, poetry and literature six categories.

Deng Shi, a nationalist, said: "What is a national scholar? All of a country's learning. There is a land and life on it, because to become a country, there is a country that has its own learning. Learning is also, learn the learning of a country for the country, and self-governance of a country also. （

Qian Mu, on the term "national education", said: "Academics have no national boundaries. The term "national education" is not recognized before, and I am afraid that it will not be established in the future. In particular, it is a synonym for a moment." (Introduction to National Studies? Preamble", Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1997)

Liu Yimou believes that all the source of the Chinese culture of Chinese learning, regardless of the ancient and modern, all for the national science: "I said to the boundaries of the national science, must not be Buddhism and foreign studies, ...... must be from the ancient sages, not subject to Buddhism and foreign studies of the influence of the speakers, but also including the later Han, Song, and today's political, economic, and political education. The national studies can only be said to be political, economic, financial, social, and educational, etc." (The Definition of the National Studies). （Liu Yimou also advocated that "it would be better to talk about history before national studies.

Contemporary Chinese studies are centered on Chinese inherent learning and traditional culture, and cover a wide range of fields.