25. Briefly describe what changes have taken place in China's social life in modern times.

from the aspect of "clothes", people's clothes basically reflect the economic development and aesthetic value orientation of a country or region. First, foreign-made dresses at trading ports gradually entered the life of urban residents. Secondly, during the Revolution of 1911, young students took the lead in cutting off the braids symbolizing the Qing Dynasty, expressing their determination to oppose feudal autocracy. The reformed tunic suit was welcomed by reformers. Third, in the 192s and 193s, Great changes have taken place in costumes. Dressing in dresses is a big fashion, which cannot be simply attributed to the tendency of worshipping foreign countries. The establishment of democracy has inspired people's yearning for western democratic society. People are obsessed with the idea of freedom, equality and natural human rights, and think that the lifestyle established by this idea represents the direction of society, and dresses are a symbol of civilization and are loved by people. As a result of social practice, the popularity of dresses in China has not replaced China's clothes. Instead, it promoted the improvement of China's clothing. The appearance of Zhongshan suit is the product of the combination of Chinese and Western styles. It takes the western suit as the model, changes the large lapels into stand collars, four patch pockets and five buttons. The women's clothing has been changed into a wide and straight full dress, cut according to the curvaceous beauty of the western body, and evolved into today's cheongsam. These are all new clothes created by following the aesthetics and values of western-style clothing and combining with some traditional forms in China, which can be described as the most successful in western style. What is personal behavior? Some advanced thinkers regard the freedom of individual to arrange life as an inseparable part of individual freedom, and it is a sacred and inviolable personal right. The call for individual liberation and the development of commodity economy have stimulated people's desire for life, and they have really started the era of free clothing, such as pursuing novelty and seeking novelty in dressing, suits and ties, robes and jackets. In the drastic social changes, clothing changes have taken the lead. It sensitively shows the trend of cultural climate.

From the aspect of "food", food is the most important thing for the people, and its diet is influenced by the natural environment, production level and mode, and at the same time it has strong ethnic and regional characteristics. China's diet is rich in varieties and has obvious characteristics. Different production methods and crop types in the south and the north lead to obvious regional differences, with rice as the main food in the south and pasta meat as the main food in the north. Major cuisines have flooded into Beijing, especially Shandong cuisine, which has almost become the representative of Beijing cuisine. The Eight Buildings and old shops with Beijing characteristics, such as Quanjude Roast Duck and Donglaishun Instant-boiled Mutton, are well-known in Beijing. In addition, a wide variety of snacks with rich tastes have penetrated into people's daily lives, some of which have been passed down to this day and are still loved by the people. After the Opium War, Western-style catering became the consumption fashion in big cities. Western-style restaurants appeared. Western-style snacks, drinks and sweets are also accepted by the public. For example, in Shanghai and other cities, the first western restaurant, Yipin Xiang, has appeared. The introduction of western food has changed the traditional diet structure of China people.

From the aspect of "living", the houses in the north and south of China have formed their own characteristics by combining natural conditions and human environment, such as quadrangles in Beijing, alleys in Shanghai and houses in the south of the Yangtze River. Embassies, consulates, foreign firms, warehouses, banks and modern factories for foreigners have also appeared in some cities from the coast to the inland, and accordingly various houses with western architectural characteristics have appeared for foreigners to live in. Some officials and wealthy businessmen have also built European-style houses or luxury houses combining Chinese and Western styles. Electric lighting has appeared in cities. Great changes have taken place in the housing pattern, living facilities and decoration style. Shanghai, Guangzhou and Qingdao have become typical representatives of modern cities in China. Photos of traditional quadrangles and newly-built foreign buildings in Beijing are selected as teaching materials. Teachers can feel the changes of living conditions by comparing and analyzing the differences between them. They can also further explore the deep-seated reasons for this architectural feature, such as the hierarchical feudal ruling order reflected by quadrangles and the traditional moral concept of orderly aging. Rich and auspicious ideal realm of life, serene and tranquil taste of daily life, from which we can feel the close relationship between man and environment.

From the aspect of "customs", people felt that China was weak after the Opium War because the people's wisdom had not been developed, and if they wanted to enlighten the people's wisdom, they must first get rid of the social conventions and bad habits. Opium and foot-binding were two major phenomena. Modern social customs were influenced by western democratic thoughts. Reformers advocated it during the Reform Movement of 1898. Advocating the reform of the marriage system. With the rise of the Revolution of 1911, democracy and ideas have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. People regard changing clothes from hair to clothes as a direct struggle against feudal autocracy and strive for democracy and civilization. During the Republic of China, the government promulgated laws to cut braids and change clothes and abolish foot binding. Changing clothes from hair to clothes is a custom improvement under the guidance of anti-feudal ideas. Unlike changing clothes in previous dynasties, the shape of changing clothes in history is ethical and hierarchical. The "Clothing System" promulgated at the beginning of the Republic of China stipulated that officials should wear western-style coats and tuxedos as big dresses regardless of rank, which was a complete denial of the feudal hierarchy of clothing styles. Sun Yat-sen also put forward the guiding ideology of improving clothing, which was "suitable for hygiene, easy to move, suitable for economy and stronger than appearance". The implementation of this clothing concept in China, which was in line with modern civilization, made everyone wear clothes that they could not leave for a moment, and completely got rid of feudal ethics. It is an important turning point in the history of clothing to develop in the direction of practicality, economy, hygiene and beauty. In fact, women's foot-binding is a concrete embodiment of China's feudal society's idea that men are superior to women. Women are in a subordinate and dependent position to men, and the size of foot-binding has become an abnormal measure for men to evaluate women's beauty, which has not only been widely recognized in society, but also become the object of description and promotion by literati. On the contrary, this kind of destruction of women's bodies has become the characteristic of women in feudal society in China. The pure personal behavior of advocating hair cutting and opposing foot binding has become the forerunner of ideological enlightenment in the process of China's opposition to feudalism.

The changes in modern society are mainly reflected in modern urban life, and the old-fashioned production and living customs still exist in the vast rural areas, which are in a backward and feudal state.

The reasons for the change are

First, modern China was forcibly wrapped into western style by western imperialist powers.

Second, in terms of economy, since the process of China's economic modernization began after the Westernization Movement, industrialization will change the social outlook;

Third, the political reform and reform movement promoted the change of social and political system, at least the feudal rule in China was loosened, and the change of political system could not be underestimated for the promotion of the Revolution of 1911.

fourthly, the influx of western ideological trends in modern times has brought about changes in people's ideas, which will inevitably bring about changes in all aspects of social life and customs.