Engineering Dissertation Proposal

Engineering dissertation report

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Engineering Thesis Opening Report I

Graduation design topic: annual production capacity of 4200 tons of epichlorohydrin workshop chloropropylene synthesis section process design

Instructor:

Faculty: Koya College

Specialized class: Science and Chemical Engineering 0401 class

No.:

Name:

Date. XX March 7

1, the physical and chemical properties of epichlorohydrin

Epichlorohydrin (ec) English name: 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane; epichlorohydrin. Molecular formula: c3h5clo, molecular weight: 92.52, melting point -25.6 ℃, boiling point 117.9 ℃, relative density (water = 1): 1.18 (20 ℃), relative density (air = 1): 3.29, saturated vapor pressure (kpa): 1.8 (20 ℃), spontaneous combustion point of 415 ℃, refractive index (nd20) 1.438, slightly soluble in water, can be mixed with water. Slightly soluble in water, miscible in alcohol, ether, 4 chlorinated carbon, benzene. Colorless oily liquid, with chloroform-like stimulating odor. Used in the production of epoxy resin, but also a kind of oxygen-containing substances stabilizers and chemical intermediates Flammable vapors and air to form explosive mixtures, in the presence of open flames, high temperatures can cause decomposition and explosion and combustion. If encountered with high heat can occur violent decomposition, causing container rupture or explosion.

2, epichlorohydrin production of raw materials and main products

Epichlorohydrin is an important organic chemical raw materials and fine chemical products, the use of 10 points wide. The epoxy resin made from it has the features of strong adhesion, chemical medium corrosion resistance, low shrinkage, good chemical stability, high impact strength and excellent dielectric properties, etc. It has a wide range of applications in the industries of coatings, adhesives, reinforcing materials, casting materials, and electronic lamination products, etc. In addition, epichlorohydrin is an important organic chemical raw material and fine chemical product, which has a wide range of applications. In addition, epichlorohydrin can also be used for the synthesis of glycerin, glass fiber reinforced plastic, electrical insulation products, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, coatings, adhesives, ion exchange resins, plasticizers, (shrinkage) glycerol derivatives, chlorohydrin rubber and other products, used as a solvent for cellulose esters, resins, cellulose ether, for the production of chemical stabilizers, chemical dyes, and water treatment agents, etc..

1 raw material: propylene

The chemical structure of propylene formula: ch2 = chch2oh . Physical properties:: colorless transparent liquid, melting point: -129, boiling point: 97. 1, flash point: 28, density (20): 0. 854, refractive index: 1. 4135.

Uses:: Acryl alcohol is an intermediate in pharmaceuticals, pesticides and spices. The main derivatives and their uses are: for the synthesis of epichlorohydrin, glycerol, 1,4-butan2 alcohol and allyl ketone, the production of plasticizers and engineering plastics and other important organic synthetic raw materials. In addition, its carbonate can do optical resin, safety glass and display screen, and its ether can do polymer viscosity builder.

2 main products: epoxy resin

At present, China's epichlorohydrin is mainly used for the production of epoxy resin, its consumption ratio of 85% of epoxy resin, synthetic glycerol accounted for 7%, chlorohydrin rubber accounted for 2%, others, such as solvents, stabilizers, surfactants, flame retardants, oilfield chemicals, water treatment agents, etc. accounted for 6%

3, epichlorohydrin process production methods And choice

At present, the industrial production method of epichlorohydrin is mainly propylene high temperature chlorination and propylene acetate method.

The propylene high temperature chlorination method is the classic method to produce epichlorohydrin in the industry, which was first successfully developed by American shell company in 1948 and applied to industrialized production. At present, more than 90% of epichlorohydrin in the world is produced by this method. The process mainly includes high-temperature chlorination of propylene to make chloropropylene, chloropropylene and hypochlorite synthesis of 2-chloropropanol, 2-chloropropanol saponification synthesis of epichlorohydrin 3 reaction units.

4, process description

(1) high-temperature chlorination of propylene:

(1) high-temperature chlorination of propylene to make chloropropylene

propylene and chlorine gas after drying, preheating, and then mixed with the molar ratio of 4-5:1 into the high-temperature chlorination reactor, a short period of time (about 3 s) to react, the generation of chloropropylene and hydrogen chloride gas. After refining, chloropropylene is obtained, while d-d mixture (1,2-2 chloropropane and 1,3-2 chloropropene) is produced as a by-product, and hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed by water to obtain industrial hydrochloric acid.

ch2=chch2 + cl2 →ch2=chch2cl +hcl

(2) Chloropropene hypochlorination synthesis of 2 chloropropanol

Chlorine gas in water to generate hypochlorous acid (or the use of medium tertiary butanol and chlorine gas in naoh solution to generate the tert-butyl hypochlorite salt, which hydrolyzes to generate hypochlorite, tertiary butanol recycling), hypochlorous acid Reaction with chloropropylene to generate 2 chloropropanol (process 2 chloropropanol concentration 1 generally controlled at about 4%).

2ch2=chch2cl +2hocl→ clch2chclch2oh + clch2chohch2cl

2,3-2 chloropropanol, 70%) (1,3-2 chloropropanol, 30%)

(3) Saponification of 2 chloropropanol Synthesis of epichlorohydrin

An aqueous solution of 2 chloropropanol reacts with ca(oh)2 or naoh to form epichlorohydrin.

(3) Synthesis of epichlorohydrin by saponification of 2 chloropropanol

2 chloropropanol aqueous solution reacts with ca(oh)2 or naoh to form epichlorohydrin.

clch2chclch2oh + clch2chohch2cl + 1/2 ca(oh)2→

clch2chclch2oh + clch2chohch2cl + 1/2 ca(oh)2→

High temperature chlorination of propylene is characterized by the flexibility of the production process, the maturity of the process and the stability of operation. The disadvantages are serious equipment corrosion caused by raw material chlorine, high requirements for propylene purity and reactor material, high energy consumption, high chlorine consumption, many by-products and low product yield. The production process produces a large amount of sewage containing calcium chloride and organic chlorides, high treatment costs, short coking cycle.

(2) propylene acetate method

The Soviet Academy of Sciences and Showa Denko Japan have developed the use of propylene acetate as raw material for the production of epichlorohydrin production process. The former Soviet Union is the first chlorination and then hydrolysis process, Showa Denko first hydrolysis and then chlorination process. The process mainly includes the synthesis of propylene acetate, propylene acetate hydrolysis of allyl alcohol, the synthesis of 2-chloropropanol and 2-chloropropanol saponification to generate epichlorohydrin four reaction units.

(1) under the action of palladium and co-catalyst, propylene and oxygen at a temperature of 160 ~ 180 ℃, pressure 0.5 ~ 1.0 mpa, the presence of acetic acid reaction to generate propylene acetate.

ch2=chch2+ 1/2o2 + ch3cooh→ ch2=chch2ococh3 +h2o

(2) At a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃ and a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 mpa, propylene acetate is hydrolyzed to produce allyl alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin as catalyst.

ch2=chch2ococh3 +h2o→ ch2=chch2oh +ch3cooh

(3) At a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 mpa, allyl alcohol and chlorine generate 2-chloropropanol by addition reaction.

ch2=chch2oh + cl2→ ch2clchclch2oh

(4) 2chloropropanol is saponified with calcium hydroxide to generate epichlorohydrin.

ch2clchclch2oh+ 1/2ca(oh)2→ ch2- chch2cl + 1/2cacl2 +h2o

Compared with the traditional high-temperature chlorination of propylene, the propylene acetate method has the following advantages: (1) avoiding high-temperature chlorination reaction, mild reaction conditions, easy to control, no (1) Avoiding high temperature chlorination reaction, mild reaction conditions, easy to control, no coking, stable operation, the amount of propylene, calcium hydroxide and chlorine is greatly reduced, and the emission of reaction by-products and wastewater containing calcium chloride is also greatly reduced. (2) The chlorination addition reaction system of propylene alcohol has been developed, and oxygen has been successfully introduced into the epoxide, and the technology of replacing chlorine oxidation by oxygen oxidation has been realized for the first time, which reduces the side reaction of etherification and improves the yield of the system. (3) No by-product hydrochloric acid is generated in the process. (4) High purity allyl alcohol, which cannot be obtained by current technology, can be obtained more easily. The main disadvantage is the long process flow, short catalyst life, and relatively high investment costs.

5, safety and environmental protection measures

(1) combustion and explosion hazards:

Hazardous properties: its vapor and air to form explosive mixtures, in the case of open flames, high temperatures can cause decomposition and explosion and combustion. If encountered with high heat can occur violent decomposition, causing container rupture or explosion. Flammability (red): 3 Reactivity (yellow): 2

Fire-fighting methods: foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand. Fire fighting appliances (including scba) do not provide sufficiently effective protection. If accidental contact, immediately evacuate the scene, isolate the apparatus, and thoroughly decontaminate the personnel. Can self-react at high temperatures, blocking safety valves and causing tank explosions. Vapors can spread to a distance, ignite in the presence of an ignition source, and cause a backfire. Vapors in a confined area can explode when exposed to fire. If the substance or contaminated fluid enters a waterway, notify downstream users with potential water contamination.

(2) Packaging and Storage and Transportation

Store in cool, ventilated bins. Keep away from fire and heat. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 30℃. Prevent direct sunlight. Packaging requirements sealed, not in contact with air. Store separately from oxidizers, acids and alkalis. Lighting, ventilation and other facilities in the storage room should be of explosion-proof type. There should be fire and explosion-proof technical measures when tank storage. Prohibit the use of spark-prone mechanical equipment and tools. Handling should be light to prevent damage to packaging and containers. erg guideline: 131 erg guideline classification: flammable liquids-toxic

(3) toxicity hazards

exposure limits: China mac: 1mg/m3[pi] former Soviet Union mac: 1mg/m3 U.S.A. tlv-twa: acgih 2ppm, 7.6mg/ m3 U.S. tlv-stel: not formulated standards.

The vapor has strong irritation to the respiratory tract. Repeated and prolonged inhalation can cause lung, liver and kidney damage. High concentration of inhalation to the central nervous system inhibition can be fatal. Vapor has strong irritation to eyes, liquid can cause eye burns. Direct skin contact with liquid can cause burns. Oral ingestion causes liver and kidney damage and can be fatal. Chronic poisoning: long-term inhalation of small amounts can appear neurasthenia syndrome and peripheral neuropathy. iarc evaluation: group 2a, suspected human carcinogen; sufficient evidence in animals ntp: suspected human carcinogen idlh: 75 ppm, potential carcinogen olfactory threshold: 0. 934 ppm osha: table z-1 air pollutants niosh standard document: niosh 76-206 health hazards (blue) :

(4) Protective measures

Sealed operation, full exhaust. When the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, wear a mask-type respirator. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is recommended when rescuing or evacuating from an emergency situation. Wear chemical safety glasses. Wear tight-sleeved work clothes and long rubber shoes. Wear chemical resistant gloves. Shower and change clothes after work. Maintain good hygiene practices. Prevent damage to skin and mucous membranes.

(5) Leakage Disposal:

Evacuate the leaking contaminated area to the safe area, prohibit unrelated personnel from entering the contaminated area, cut off the source of fire. Emergency personnel wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing. Do not contact the leak directly and plug the leak while ensuring safety. Spray water mist to reduce evaporation. Absorb with a mixture of sand or other non-combustible adsorbent, then collect and transport to a waste disposal site. If a large number of leaks, use a berm to shelter them, then collect, transfer, recycle or dispose of them harmlessly.

6, the current production problems and suggestions

(1) Actively develop epichlorohydrin downstream products to drive the production and development of epichlorohydrin In the next few years, the world's major countries and regions of the downstream of the epichlorohydrin various consumer areas will still be developed faster, the production of epichlorohydrin in various regions is mainly for self-consumption, and it is estimated that a small amount of exports. In the next few years, China's automobile industry, residential construction, electronic industry and other fields will have a high-speed development stage, with the development of China's western region, there will be a large-scale infrastructure investment in the construction, therefore, in the next few years, China's epichlorohydrin downstream products, such as: epoxy resins, synthetic glycerol, etc., will be a great demand, the United States, Western Europe and Japan, the main

engineering thesis report

engineering thesis report
I. The basis and significance of the subject:

1, based on: fashion is a life of artistic taste, time to know the business is also, still in the quality! Fashionable people's life is artistic, the pursuit of life with the change of time will continue to improve, but the same is always in pursuit of high quality of life. In order to meet the needs of this group of people, fashion products are also constantly updated to higher quality.

Concept cars can be understood as the future of automobiles, automobile designers use concept cars to show people novel, unique, ahead of the idea, reflecting the human dream and pursuit of advanced automobiles. Concept cars are often only in the creative, experimental stage, and may never go into production. Unlike mass-produced 'commodity cars,' each concept car can be free from the constraints of the manufacturing process and show off its unique charm in an exaggerated manner. This group of people will become larger and larger in the future as their living standards and spiritual pursuits improve. In order to satisfy this group of people's travel and transportation design is also necessary.

The greatest function of the concept car is to discover and guide the direction of these changes. Ken Okuyama said that the world is changing, and the automobile is changing, and it will be changing dramatically in the next 10 to 20 years. Transportation will have to update and change with this change regardless. The design of the future concept car can promote the development of our transportation, solve many of the existing problems in our lives, so that our future travel, travel more convenient.

Pegasus, arbitrary in the design is no longer impractical, for the concept of the car design of free-spirited creativity and arbitrary imagination has become a precious treasure. Dancing concepts and bursting ideas have shaped the model of classic concept cars. Concept cars embody the inspiration and style of automobile designers

Concept cars are not even subject to the conditions of production cars, and can freely adopt new processes, materials and designs that have not been fully verified, giving full play to imagination and creativity.

The concept car design for the fashion family needs to create a fashionable, artistic, high-grade products, because the quality and beauty is to be shaped by artistic methods, art to improve taste, art is out of the ordinary, out of the ordinary; fashion is noble, fashion can not be separated from the art, art can create fashion.

2, meaning: fashion gives people different connotations and charisma, bring people a pleasant mood and elegance, pure and extraordinary feelings, can reflect the extraordinary taste in life, exquisite, show personality. Human's pursuit of fashion, spiritually or materially promotes human life. Concept car is the car with the richest content, the most profound, the most avant-garde, the most representative of the world's automobile technology development and design level. Concept car is the latest automobile technology achievement of the era, representing the development direction of the future automobile, so it shows a great role and significance, and can give people inspiration and promote mutual reference and learning. Because the concept car has advanced ideas, embodies unique creativity, and applies the latest scientific and technological achievements, so it has a very high appreciation value. Concept cars are also the most artistic and attractive cars.

The design of future concept cars for fashionable people will change the way of life in the future, change the direction of fashion trends, and lead the direction of development of transportation in the future.

Second, the domestic and foreign research and development trends:

1, the domestic profile: China's concept car design started late in 1999 at the Shanghai International Automobile Exhibition, China to the mascot animal Kirin as the name of the first concept car attracted the world's attention, this is the first by the Chinese people to design, made in China and for the Chinese market of economy cars. The car's youthful model, tacky colors, and mediocre specs were a reminder of the backwardness of Chinese automotive design.

But its greatest significance was that it evoked concept car design in China.

The 2003 Kunpeng was one of the highlights of Chinese concept cars. There was finally some thought about shape and color, but I have to say the styling was still ugly. Although there are still a lot of shortcomings, but the "Kunpeng" of the micro-car segment in the new exploration, rehearsal of the low-cost construction, the Panamera to grow at the rate of one concept car every two years, which makes the Chinese car makers in the Chinese concept car after witnessing this one after another began to wake up to the realization that China needs a concept car design.

2, foreign profile: foreign concept car design, especially in Europe and the United States, the concept car design is more mature, regardless of the technology, styling, color matching, or use of innovation in the world at the forefront of the way.

Trends:

Trend one: the traditional classification of models is broken cross models into the trend. Today more and more models hit the concept of crossover models. Such as the Volkswagen concept car ConceptA highlights: the combination of sports cars and SUVs; Skoda concept car Yeti highlights: SUVs, sedans, station wagons, etc. in one. Trend two: traditional energy exhausted new energy vehicles instead. Energy issues is currently the biggest issue of automotive technology, which also directly affects energy saving, environmental protection and a series of technologies. Such as Chevrolet Sequel hydrogen fuel cell car highlights: the most advanced hydrogen fuel cell models; Ford Reflex diesel-electric hybrid concept car highlights: the use of solar energy diesel-electric hybrid.

Trend 3: Smart walking machines of the future that break the structure of the car. Designers are not satisfied with these traditional car concepts, they need out-of-the-box, future-oriented intelligent walking machine. For example, Toyota's new future concept car Fine-T highlights: the car of the future with intelligent transportation.

Trend 4: Personalized breakthrough design. A breakthrough in exterior design is a fundamental requirement for a concept car

. Such as Renault Zoe concept car highlights: asymmetric door design; Ford iosis concept car highlights: laying the Ford future style of sculpture design

Third, the research content and basic ideas:

1, the research content:

modeling, the entire car is streamlined design, consider aerodynamics, to effectively reduce wind resistance, the car design is stylish and avant-garde, dynamic energy The whole car will adopt bionics for form design, and some traditional Chinese elements will be used in the design. The Chinese style will be implemented in the design to reflect the originality.

Structure, the car is a two-compartment design, the engine is centered, and the doors are double-door swing open. The model is initially designated as a sports car.

The materials are mainly environmentally friendly instead of steel and plastic, possibly carbon fiber, but more common materials such as aluminum or steel will be used.

In terms of color, the target group is the fashion crowd, so we chose brighter colors and a variety of color schemes.

Man-machine, consider the relationship between man and machine, follow ergonomics.

2, the basic idea:

To create a stylish future concept sports car, the form of tension, looking for inspiration in the young 90s, according to the fashion of the 90s preferences to design. Collect some relevant information, study the habits and problems encountered in the 90s fashion crowd, these studies are reflected in the design. The structural design will be improved on the basis of some existing automobile structures, and try to keep the wedge-shaped model.

Fourth, the progress of the arrangement:

1, the pre-stage (2011.09.01-10.13):

1) 09.01-10.12 to develop a work plan, the qualification of instructors validation;

2) the afternoon of October 13 to convene the graduation design ( Thesis) mobilization meeting (the whole college);

3) 10.13-10.16 instructors to formulate graduation design topics, students for the selection of topics; instructors and students two-way choice, the topic

on the requirements of one person one topic. Issued a specific mission statement;

2, the mid-term stage (2011.10.13 - before the winter holidays)

1) 10.17-10.30 opening report, graduation design research and analysis and material organization; pre-dissemination of sketches;

2) 11.01 -11.31 topic research report, graduation design pre-program, program preliminary and in-depth;

3) 12.01-12.17 program finalization, in-depth sketches, the first three chapters of the first draft of the thesis.

4) December 18, 2011 College graduation design (thesis) midterm inspection;

5) 12.18-winter vacation graduation design modeling, rendering, layout, and centralized inspection before winter vacation;

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