The Cultural Folklore of Qishan Institute and Its Development and Change

The rise of Yantai (alias "Qishan") city can be traced back to the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1389), in order to prevent foreign invasion, a warning wolf smoke pier was built on the north mountain near the sea on the other side of Zhifu Island (now Yantai Mountain), hence the name "Yantai". At the same time, the military organization of "Qishan defends thousands of households" was established, and Qishan City with strong walls was built, which is also the reason why Yantai was nicknamed "Qishan". Now, almost all the old villages have become the streets of the city, and the city has been preserved as a monument. In Yantai, the lock city is often called "lock city". Although the city is not big, it is fully equipped in the east, west, north and south. In addition to Cross Street, there is Gengdao Street running around the wall of the old city, and everything still retains the pattern of military garrison city. A city in the Ming Dynasty, a city built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Surrounded by tall buildings, the city is like an ancient tree, which is the root of Yantai City.

1 13 1 year (the ninth year of Jintianhui), Fushan County was established, Zhifu Island was placed under the northeast insurance of Fushan County, and Zhifu Village was placed under the Zhifu Society. Since then, Zhifu has been the territory of Fushan County until 1934, when the Shandong provincial government established the Yantai Special Administrative Region, which was separated from Fushan County and included in the Yantai Special Administrative Region. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, some Yi village residents began to migrate to the south of Yiwan, making a living by fishing or farming in the mountains. In addition, there are several scattered fish sheds and mountain piers, the number is only a few hundred. Most of them are seasonal floating population, and there is no officially named village. There are also regular fishermen, such as Gao, Chu, Xia, Yu, Yao and Diao. In addition to fishing, they also occupy mountains to cultivate their own land, which is called "mountain households". These households can be regarded as early Yantai residents.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese invaders invaded the coastal frontier, and the people suffered greatly, and the country was not at peace. In order to prevent the invasion and harassment by the Japanese, the Ming Dynasty adopted the military preventive strategy of "building small city health centers", and set up health centers in key areas of counties and counties all over the country (roughly 5600 people are one health center, 1 120 people are one, and officials 1000 people; 1 12 has 100 households. A.D. 1398 (the spring of the thirty-first year of Ming Hongwu), thousands of households were set up in Wei Ninghai (now Muping District) to guard Qishan and build the city. At that time, it was a thousand-door hall built late in China, and it has a history of 600 years.

Today, Qishan City is located in the prosperous area of Zhifu District, surrounded by high-rise buildings. However, at the beginning, the site of Shouqianhu in Qishan was somewhat particular, and its naming was also controversial. If it is investigated, it needs to be investigated from the perspective of history and ancient art of war.

First of all, from a historical perspective. There are three theories about the origin of Qishan's name in ancient times. One refers to the "top of the tower", which is 397 meters above sea level and is called Nanshan. According to folklore, there used to be a "fairy chess game" on it, which was called Chess Mountain, and the gameplay was Qishan. Second, in ancient times, a hurricane burst overnight, and an earthen mountain was piled up in the southeast of Shangkuang overnight. Everyone thought it was strange, so they named it Qishan. 3. Jade Emperor Peak, formerly known as Qishan, is 72 meters above sea level. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the Jade Emperor Temple was built, and then the stage was built. The stone pillars on both sides also said, "The toad cave reflects strange mountains, clothes and makeup convey feelings, and a mirage tries to see splendid articles and points out the drama of rise and fall." "Toad Cave reflects Qishan" is the only evidence of the historical preservation of Qishan stone carvings. Yuhuang Temple is only 65,438+0,500 meters away from the center of Qishan. In ancient China, there was a tradition of "naming the city by its proximity", so it was logical to name the city after Qishan.

So from the ancient art of war. The fortifications must have the necessary military conditions for attack, defense and retreat. Judging from the geographical environment where Qishan was originally located, Zhifu Island and Kongtong Island were taken as natural defense barriers in the north, and Tashan Peak was taken as a retreat place in the south, and there were two rivers in the middle (namely, Jiefang Road and Southwest River Road, which were originally two rivers) for defense, so water could be taken from the rivers for moat defense; There is a wolf smoke wharf in Beishan (now Yantai Mountain) not far from the city, which can emit fireworks signals when the enemy situation occurs; With Wei Ninghai in the east and Fushan County in the west, the military contact between the east and the west is very convenient. The site design of Qishan Lock City is also very particular. Its north-south axis coincides with the north-south axis from Tashan to Yantai Mountain, and the south gate of Suocheng is parallel to Yuhuang Temple. This layout design is very consistent with the military guiding ideology of China's ancient art of war.

Qishan City covers an area of 98,600 square meters, with an area of 79,600 square meters. There are Baode Gate in the east, Xuanhua Gate in the west, Fulu Gate in the south and Chaochong Gate in the north. There is a tower above the city gate, which is designed for observation and command. The bottom of the city gate and the city wall are all made of bluestone, and the upper part is made of big blue bricks. The wall is 7.33 meters high and 6.67 meters thick. There are balanced "shops" between the city gates, and the "shops" are arc-shaped and protrude outside the city walls, which can defend against the enemy on three sides, forming a defensive pattern of four floors and sixteen shops. There is a circular "horse path" inside the city wall, which can directly enter the city to fight. Cross street is the first street in old Yantai, which goes straight to four doors. As a military road, it has become the elder sister of Zhifu District. In the northwest of the city (now Shiyan Street), there are thousands of offices and houses of officials and their families; There is a training ground in the northeast of the city (formerly Gaojia Hutong and Fu Jia Hutong); There are barracks, kitchens and grain depots in the southwest of the city (now Cangyu Street); At the same time, Langya Pier was built in the north gate (now Yantai Mountain), so it was called Yantai in the folk years. 1673 (in the 12th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), Robert revised the Records of Fushan County. The first volume of Geographical Map marked 15 coastal wharf and platform, and 14 marked wharf from west to east. Only the easternmost one is marked as Yantai (now Yantai Mountain), which is in the existing historical map. 1762 (twenty-seven years of Qing Qianlong), He Leshan compiled the "Records of Fushan County", which wrote: "There are huge stones like boats (meaning Yantai is engraved with' natural wonders'), and the word Yantai appeared again.

After Qishan was built, there was no big Japanese invasion, and it was basically in a period of peace and tranquility. 1664 (the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the Qing court issued an order to abolish Qishan to guard thousands of households, and the army was changed to civilian land, renamed Qishan Society, and was administratively under the jurisdiction of Fushan County. After the abolition of the health guard system, the original thousand households and the deputy thousand households were demoted to Shu Ren, and the officers and men were disarmed and engaged in agriculture, industry and commerce. Zhang and Liu, descendants of thousands of families, built houses in the original city and gradually transformed the military building structure into civilian houses. Therefore, they are also called strange mountains, cities and cities. Due to the large scale of residential buildings and the gradual increase of population, the surnames of Zhang and Liu have rapidly developed to more than 2,000. They build the most houses and rent them out. People sometimes call it "the Zhang family in the city" and "Liu Jia in the city". The change from military land to civilian land is a major historical change in Qishan City. With the influx of foreign surnames and the sharp increase of population, the population of Qishan expanded outward and the economy gradually prospered. During this period, Qishan and its surrounding areas have formed 13 fixed villages, which are called the Thirteen Villages of Qishan Society. There are four villages, namely Dongmen, Ximen, Nanmen and Beimen, and most of them are Zhang and She. In Shangkuang Village, south of Qishan, there are many surnames, such as Chi, Li, Jing and Kong. Shihe Village, west of Qishan, is dominated by Zhang; Nanguan Village (formerly known as Southwestern Pass and Nanguan Courtyard) in the southwest of Qishan Courtyard is dominated by Zhang and Liu. Dongzhuang in the southeast of Qishan Academy is dominated by Qu, Zhang and Fu surnames. In the large, medium and small ocean villages in the northwest of Qishan, most of them are Zhang, Liu, Yuan, Wang and surname. These villages are connected by roads. The population of Qishan Society 13 villages comes from all directions, almost as big as Zhifu Island. Village, Fushan County, Mu Ping County, Haiyang County, Wendeng County and other places, as far away as Qihe County, Cao Xian County, Liaocheng, Gaotang and Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning and other places. Thirteen villages are different in birth, marriage, funeral, festivals, decoration customs and dialects because of their complex population.

Yantai is an ancient and young city. She is old because people lived here as early as 10 thousand years ago in the late Pleistocene. It is said that she is very young. She is the first city in Shandong Province to open a port. 1956 The Second Opium War broke out. 1858 China and France signed the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty, and Dengzhou was opened as a trading port. In view of Yantai's geographical location and port conditions,

The origin of Yantai's name

The name "Yantai" comes from the pier built on the top of the north mountain in Zhifu Bay. When the enemy invaded the ancient world, it was called beacon smoke, and the station where beacon smoke was released was called Yantai. Ming Hongwu 3 1 year (1398), thousands of houses were built at the foot of Qishan Mountain, and Yantai was built on the north mountain. /kloc-In the late 5th century, Japanese princes scuffled, and a large number of defeated soldiers became "samurai ronins" who lost their military posts. Together with businessmen who can't make profits, an evil force invaded the coastal areas of China. Because Japan was called "slave country" in ancient times, it was called "enemy country". Although Beishan is a low barren hill, it is a commanding height surrounded by the sea on three sides, so Yantai was built on the top of the mountain. Yantai is 6.5m high and15m long. It is made of specially made big blue bricks, with piles on the top and looks like a city wall.

The word "Yantai" first appeared in Kangxi 12 (1673) in the Qing Dynasty, and it was recorded in the Geographical Map of Fushan County compiled by Rob, Fushan County, with 14 pier, 1 platform (pier) and 27 years of Qingganlong (/kloc-).

Wolf is the totem of the ancient Huns, Turks, Tubo and other ethnic minorities. Therefore, the Central Plains called the armies of these ethnic minorities "wolf soldiers". When the "wolf soldiers" invaded, they burned beacon smoke and issued an alarm, so they were called "wolf smoke". According to archaeological research, the fuels of beacon smoke are reeds, red willows and weeds. The so-called wolf dung, when burning, its smoke is straight, which is inconsistent with the facts.

After the completion of "Yantai", Zhifu Bay was basically in a quiet state, so few beacon smoke was cast on "Yantai", but from the middle of19th century, beacon smoke rolled in and Zhifu Bay lost its original tranquility. These are the two opium wars launched by the imperialists when they invaded China. After the Second Opium War, Yantai opened to the outside world, and imperialist powers dominated Yantai. 1905, the British in charge of Yantai Customs built a lighthouse in Yantai Mountain, turning Yantai into a "lampstand" to guide ships into the port. This is undoubtedly the material evidence of imperialist aggression against China, but it also reflects the historical progress, indicating that the ancient Yantai began to enter modern history. Unfortunately, this combination of Yantai and the lighthouse, regarded as the symbol of Yantai, was completely demolished in September 1982.

Lao Yantai shisancun

There was a period of thirteen villages in Yantai history. If it is explained that the garrison thousand houses in Qishan established in Hongwu period were the formation period of Yantai, after the garrison system was abolished in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, it expanded to thirteen villages on the basis of Qishan Prefecture, and Yantai entered the development period from then on.

13 village is under the jurisdiction of Fushan County, but because the villagers are mostly foreigners, the composition is complex, and the folk customs and languages are quite different. Local customs and foreign customs blend here, forming a unique folk custom, resulting in Yantai dialect different from Fushan and surrounding counties. Taste Yantai dialect, many pronunciations are the same as those of the Central Plains used in Beijing Opera. Some people jokingly call Yantai dialect "from Beijing (White) to North (Bo)".

Nowadays, because Qishan is a key cultural relic protection unit, four villages in the city have basically maintained their original appearance, while nine villages outside the city full of local flavor have already become an integral part of modern cities. Some village names were changed to street names, such as Cangpu Street, Southwestern Nanguan Street, Shangkuang Road and Dahaiyang Road. When people walk through the street named after the village and stroll on the ruins of 13 village, they will definitely feel the speed of the wheel of history, and the village will become a city in a blink of an eye. Looking ahead, Yantai will be better.

Baishizhai and Baishi Culture

1April, 989, the second Japanese delegation visited the Baishi culture in Yantai in the history of primitive farming in China. A group of people 1 1 came to the Baishi cultural site on the hillside at the northern foot of Jinding in downtown. The arrival of the delegation fully demonstrated the importance of Baishi culture. In the center of a city, there are 7000 years ago Neolithic ancient cultural sites, which are rare in the country. It was first discovered in 1962, 1980 and 198 1 year, and two rescue excavations were carried out. More than 700 pieces of pottery, stones, bones, horns, teeth and mussels were unearthed, more than 40,000 pieces of recyclable broken pottery were found, and two tombs were also found. Although the area of these two excavations is only 227 square meters, the stratigraphic relationship is clear and the unearthed cultural relics are rich, which provides very important information for establishing the primitive cultural sequence of Jiaodong and exploring the origin of Jiaodong culture, thus confirming that Jiaodong is also the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The origin of the word "white stone" is because there are white stones (limestone) underground in this area. Because there are residents in this area, it is called Baishizhai. 7000 years ago, the ancestors of primitive society settled here because there are mountains in the south and the sea in the north, with moderate height and gentle slope, which is not only suitable for developing primitive mountain agriculture, but also convenient for animal husbandry and fishing and hunting. From the analysis of unearthed cultural relics, although Baishizhai site is closely related to Shandong inland, there are differences in cultural outlook and economic types due to different geographical environments. In addition to primitive agriculture, marine fishing and hunting account for a large proportion. Based on the distinctive local characteristics of Baishizhai site, it was named "Baishi Culture" by historians.

Whether a city is competitive or not depends on its culture. Baishi culture is the most primitive and important culture in Yantai.

History has left Yantai with a city.

Nowadays, strolling through the cross streets of the city, it seems that you can hear the screams of iron-blooded soldiers 600 years ago through the stones tied to horses, and stand at the commanding heights nearby overlooking the city. Scattered quadrangles seem to be still smoking 600 years ago. This ancient city with a long history of more than 600 years is undoubtedly a business card of Yantai.

Because, as early as the Ming Dynasty, Qishan City has become a famous city in the northern coastal areas of China to fight against the Japanese pirates. In the same city as Qishan, there are "Wolf Smoke Wharf" and "Wolf Smoke Wharf", which is the name of Yantai.

The city is the root of Yantai to some extent. With the change of time, the city is being eroded and weathered little by little. When many old Yantai people "watch" the city with us, "keeping roots" has become their greatest aspiration. The reporter of "The Most Beautiful Yantai" recently visited many people of insight who pay attention to this city and listened to their voices.

Qishan City is the priceless wealth of Yantai.

History has left a city for Yantai, and every corner of the city is full of history.

According to historical records, in the thirty-first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1398), Qishan City was formally established, and there was a Langyan Wharf. 1987, Lock City was designated as a municipal cultural relics protection unit, and since then, it has been upgraded to a provincial cultural relics protection unit. People also pay attention to the "cultural preservation value" of the city, and its historical value, scientific value and artistic value have become the topics that experts and scholars are scrambling to study.

Zhang Chunyue, president of the 7 1 year-old Suocheng Cultural Research Association, said that there are still many ancient buildings in Suocheng. "For example, the symbol of Suocheng-thousands of yamen, just imagine, naturally, the emperor shunzhi, the Qing army, wrote a letter to cancel the establishment of Qishan, and the officers and men immediately returned to the field or made another living. As military facilities, many buildings such as thousands of yamen and barracks will never be razed to the ground overnight, but there will be one. As the capital, Qianhu Yamen will not be demolished yet, but will be built into Zhangjia Ancestral Temple. In other words, the thousands of yamen at that time still exist today. "

In addition to the "Thousand Yamen", some roads in the Ming Dynasty are also clearly visible. "Dengzhou County Records" records: "Qishan is a brick city, which is twenty feet high and four doors in a week or two. The south gate is called Fulu, the north gate is called Chaochong, the east gate is called Baode, and the west gate is called Xuanhua. " Although the city has undergone various periods and been continuously transformed by future generations, it has basically maintained the original boundary and main road network pattern. The current City Street, Beimen Street and Nanmen Street are the cross streets recorded in the Official History of Dengzhou. At present, the east-west lane of the south gate, the east-west lane of the north gate, the north-south lane of the east gate and the north-south lane of the west gate are all garrison tracks when the city was built in the Ming Dynasty. "The above-mentioned buildings, which are well preserved so far, will surely become the most basic module for the future transformation of the city." Zhang Chunyue is very excited.

Zhao, the 72-year-old former vice chairman of the Association for Science and Technology, believes that Qishan City is the origin of the "Langyan Wharf", that is, "protecting such historical sites is a kind of utilization of historical and cultural resources. At present, there are no historical sites in many cities in China, and they are vying for and even fabricating them. Why don't we make good use of them? We want future generations to see these resources, these glorious history! "

Hawthorn tree in Suocheng People's Courtyard

Defend thousands of families, can the past reappear?

How to use it? How to transform? Many old Yantai have their own ideas. It is proposed to improve living facilities, build, maintain and even restore some buildings with historical features on the premise of protecting the style, maintaining the original block structure, space and characteristics. It is suggested that the Zhangjia ancestral hall located in the northwest of the city be transformed into an exhibition hall of the city; It has also been suggested that two archways should be built on the original East Gate and West Gate as an important window to reproduce the city's features. ...

"In the Ming Dynasty, the main buildings for guarding thousands of households in Qishan were the ancient city wall, thousands of households and the training ground." Bi Hao, the 72-year-old director of the Urban Construction Committee of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology, said, "Although during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, most of the city walls were demolished by the Japanese army to repair the fort, the city walls and four gates were demolished twice in 1956 and 1972 to build Shengli Road and widen the south street, but the basic peripheral structure of the city disappeared, but the ruins of the city walls can still be found."

He believes that the restoration of the main building should naturally be the focus of urban transformation, and for the overall protection of Qishan City, an important part is to restore the ancient city wall of Qishan City. Only by restoring the ancient city wall can Qishan City fully reflect the traditional shape of the anti-Japanese castle. He said that the two ancient architectural complexes, "the ancient military castle in Qishan City" and "the ancient city landscape area dominated by military", should be regarded as the main direction of architectural protection and transformation in the city. He said, "Although the National Cultural Relics Protection Law clearly stipulates that the demolished buildings will not be restored in principle, they can be restored in a region or a city that is symbolic and significant. Qishan is the birthplace of Yantai, a symbol of Yantai's urban history, and the city wall is a symbol of the city. Restoring the city wall is the symbol of restoring Qishan City and restoring the history of Yantai City. "

Tan Zeng, a late Yantai scholar, said that Lock City, as a typical oriental castle, has a quaint official residence, which highlights the architectural characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and has certain research value in the architectural history of China. Today's Suocheng, as the architectural pattern of the Ming Dynasty, basically does not exist. What is preserved now are basically buildings built on the basis of the pattern of the Ming Dynasty after the Qing Dynasty. Although it has been greatly damaged and reconstructed in recent years, some houses have lost the ancient charm of red bricks and green tiles after maintenance, but their city walls, street patterns and most houses still retain their original features.

He suggested that it would be very difficult to completely restore the original appearance of ancient buildings. However, for example, we can choose several well-preserved quadrangles to restore the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, from horse stones, side walls and doornails to tiles, wooden windows and shrines. And the city gates, towers, city walls, several temples and ancestral halls should be restored as much as possible.

The ancient city in the city, the iconic business card of Yantai.

In addition to the restoration of ancient buildings, some people also put forward suggestions, that is, to determine the functional zoning and transform the city into a comprehensive cultural tourism city.

"Qishan city should have the comprehensive function of cultural tourism, integrating residence, tourism, cultural relics trading, Yantai specialty trade, Yantai famous food, social display in Ming and Qing dynasties, and citizens' leisure and fitness activities. "Bi Hao said," Only in this way can Qishan Lock City become Penglai Pavilion in Yantai. People must visit Qishan Lock City when they come to Yantai, improve the cultural taste of the city and even the whole city of Yantai, and continue the urban history, civilization history and cultural history of Yantai more than 600 years ago. " Han Shixing, a 70-year-old former chairman of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology, agrees. He said, "Yantai, as a big cultural city and a big tourist city, should be reflected everywhere at all times, and the city should be such a place to retain foreign guests!" Make the past serve the present, and let those ancient city walls live! "

"This idea still has a long way to go," Bi Hao said. "On the basis of planning, conduct in-depth investigation and safety verification of existing buildings, repair old quadrangles that are well preserved, and improve indoor facilities; For some houses with wall cracks, foundation settlement and residential use endangering safety, determine the functions according to the plan and rebuild the architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties; Some illegal buildings should be demolished. Through the protection and transformation of existing houses and streets, the city of Qishan has the comprehensive function of cultural tourism. "

The reporter learned that there are still more than 1 100 households living in today's cities. It is also an important link in the construction of Penglai Pavilion in Yantai to transform the infrastructure, roads, streets and lanes in the city as soon as possible and adjust and improve the protection planning of Qishan City. "Through protection and transformation, improve the infrastructure of Qishan City, with complete water, electricity, heating, gas and communication to meet the requirements and conditions of modern people's living, service and work; The roads and alleys in the city will be restored and rectified, so that the streets and alleys are unblocked and the fire exits are unblocked to ensure the safety of people's lives, "Han Shixing said. "How to adjust and improve the protection planning of Qishan City, how to protect buildings, how to repair the old as before, and how to build a famous cultural and tourist city still have a lot of work to do."

Zhang Chunyue tells the story of the city.

Keep the roots and let the folk culture "revive"

Suocheng is not only a residential complex in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also a well-preserved place for the inheritance of folk culture. Zhang, Liu and other big families have lived here for more than 600 years, and their food, clothing, housing and transportation, festivals and celebrations, etiquette and beliefs, folk art and oral literature are all important cultural resources. Therefore, excavating the cultural connotation of Lock City has become the only way for the future development of Lock City.

"If the city is gone, the residents will be scattered in all directions, and the so-called folk culture formed by hundreds of years of living together will disappear, and development will be impossible." Anjia, a folklore scholar in Yantai, said in an interview: "From a long-term perspective, we should deeply study the' urban culture' to find the accurate positioning of Yantai regional culture."

Anjiazheng said, to some extent, Yantai's regional culture is neither donkey nor horse. Compared with inland culture, there is no heavy folk custom precipitation, but compared with marine culture, it is obviously closed. Therefore, how to find the root cause, find out the advantages and disadvantages of "urban culture" at all levels, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and truly make Yantai have culture and taste. From the immediate point of view, we might as well explore the "food culture" first to provide some "intangible assets" for the tourism industry and bring about the revitalization of the tourism industry. "Today, Yantai has taken tourism as a pillar industry, and tourism has to pay attention to one-stop service of eating, living, playing and buying. Yantai's food culture is very basic and rooted in the city! "

The late famous folklorist Mr. Saman also wrote an article on protecting the city with the title "Stay in Castle Peak". He mentioned that from the perspective of cultural relics, Qishan should be protected, and from the perspective of folk cultural relics, the city should be protected even more. "As the saying goes, if you stay in the green hills, you will get more than just ordinary firewood."

Perhaps because of this, the planning and transformation of the city is still waiting to be seen. I can't say whether it is slow or cautious, but one thing is most worthy of recognition. Everyone knows to "guard the roots."

Pre-planning of Qishan city

The city is the source and the city is the root. In order to transform the city, the relevant departments of Yantai have issued several sets of planning schemes, but it is difficult to find the final conclusion so far.

1992 The Planning for Renewal and Protection of Yantai Qishan Protected Area compiled by the Department of Architecture of Tianjin University mentioned: "On the premise of protecting the style of the protected area and maintaining the original block structure, scale and spatial characteristics, improve the living infrastructure conditions, develop scenic spots combining tourism with urban development, and organize buildings in the form of quadrangles." In this updated protection city plan, only a group of quadrangles west of Zhangjia Ancestral Temple, Liu Jia Ancestral Temple, City God Temple and Liu Jia Ancestral Temple are kept, while the rest houses are demolished, and the existing road network pattern of Chengshi Street and the inner ring road of the original city wall is kept. With protection as the supplement and renewal as the mainstay, it has a strong flavor of commercial development, and many experts and scholars disagree, so it is not approved.

1999165438+10 In October, Shandong Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute compiled the Urban Protection Plan of Yantai City, which briefly expounded the protection of the city, but only defined the scope of urban protection-from Beihe Street in the east, Shengli Road in the west, Nanmenwai Street in the south and South Street in the north. Others are just some protection principles, which are not operable and cannot be effectively protected.

In July, 2002, Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai compiled the Protection Plan for the Historic Block of Qishan Station in Yantai. This plan is based on the national urban planning law, the law on the protection of cultural relics and the detailed rules for the implementation of cultural relics protection, runs through the whole plan, conforms to the original formation and basic requirements of cultural relics protection, delineates the "protected area" and "controlled area" of Qishan's city, and locates Qishan.

However, it is understood that the participants in this program are all students and technicians, young and inexperienced, and more importantly, the task is heavy and the time is tight. In a hurry, there is not enough time and energy to conduct in-depth and detailed textual research and research on this city, and there are certain principled problems. The new plan is still in progress.