Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Basic methods of studying the properties of matter

Basic methods of studying the properties of matter

The basic methods to study the properties of matter are as follows:

1. observation method: a method of using the senses (eyes, nose, ears and hands) to investigate the research object in a planned and purposeful way.

2. Experimental method: In the process of studying the properties of matter, we can verify the prediction of the properties of matter through experiments or explore the unknown properties of matter.

Requirements: (1) Before the experiment, the purpose, supplies and steps of the experiment should be made clear.

(2) Carefully observe the experimental phenomena in the experiment and make experimental records.

(3) After the experiment, write an experimental report and analyze the experimental results to draw an objective and correct conclusion.

3. Classification: According to the similarities and differences of the analyzed objects, the objects are divided into different categories, forming a system logic method with certain subordinate relationship and different levels. (Example: metal, nonmetal; Acid-base salt)

4. Comparative method: a method to distinguish the similarities and differences between two or more similar things. (Mainly compare the properties of materials from the perspective of studying the properties of materials)

Explore the nature of sodium;

Observe 1. Metallic sodium in reagent bottle: a solid with a density greater than that of kerosene.

2. Take the metallic sodium out of the reagent bottle with tweezers, suck the kerosene on its surface with filter paper, and cut the sodium block of soybean grain size on the glass sheet with a knife. Observation section: silvery white, metallic and soft.

It is necessary to observe the operation and record the physical properties of metallic sodium.

The relative size of hardness and density of state color, the relative height of melting point

Solid is silvery white, metallic and soft, which is more meaningful than kerosene.

3. Drop a few drops of phenolphthalein test solution into a small beaker filled with water, and then put a piece of soybean-sized sodium in the small beaker.

It is required to observe the reaction phenomenon and the change of solution color, and make records.