Hybridity Pure Electricity Burning Batteries Conventional Fuel Vehicle Power Differences

1. Hybrid cars

Hybrids are those that use conventional fuels along with an electric motor/engine to improve low-speed power output and fuel consumption. According to the different types of fuel, the main can be divided into gasoline hybrid and diesel hybrid two. Currently in the domestic market, the mainstream of hybrid vehicles are gasoline hybrids, while the international market for diesel hybrid models are also developing rapidly.

Advantages: 1, the use of hybrid power can be used in accordance with the average power to determine the maximum power of the internal combustion engine, at this time in the low fuel consumption, less pollution, the optimal working conditions. Need high-power combustion engine power is insufficient, by the battery to supplement; load less, the surplus power can be generated to the battery charging, because the combustion engine can continue to work, the battery can be continuously charged, so its trip and ordinary cars as well. 2, because of the battery, it can be very convenient to recover the braking, downhill, idling energy. 3, in the busy urban areas, you can shut down the combustion engine, the battery drive alone, to achieve "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero". 4, with the combustion engine can be very convenient to solve the energy-consuming air conditioning, heating, defrosting and other problems encountered by pure electric vehicles. 5, you can use the existing gas station refueling, do not have to re-invest. 6, so that the battery can be maintained in a good state of working order, does not overcharge, over discharge, extend its service life, reduce costs. 7, the battery can be used to drive the vehicle, and the battery can be used to drive the vehicle. 8, the battery can be used to drive the vehicle, and the battery can be used to drive the vehicle. Reduce costs.

Disadvantages: Long-distance high-speed driving basically can not save fuel.

2, pure electric vehicles

Electric vehicles, as the name implies, is mainly powered by electricity, most of the vehicles are directly driven by electric motors, some of the vehicles to the motor mounted in the engine compartment, there are some directly to the wheel as a rotor of the four motors, the difficulty lies in the power storage technology. It does not emit harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere per se, and even when converted to power plant emissions based on the amount of electricity consumed, other pollutants are significantly reduced except for sulfur and particulates, and since power plants are mostly built away from densely populated cities, they do less harm to humans and are stationary and centralized, and removing all kinds of harmful emissions is easier, and there are already technologies for that. Since electricity can be obtained from a variety of primary energy sources, such as coal, nuclear, hydro, wind, light, heat, etc., it relieves people's worries about the depletion of petroleum resources day by day. Electric vehicles can also make full use of the surplus power charging in the evening when electricity consumption is low, so that the power generation equipment can be fully utilized day and night, greatly improving its economic efficiency. Studies have shown that the same crude oil after refining, sent to the power plant to generate electricity, by charging the battery, and then by the battery-driven car, its energy efficiency than after refining into gasoline, and then gasoline engine-driven car high, so it is conducive to saving energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is these advantages, so that the research and application of electric vehicles has become the automotive industry, a "hot spot! It is these advantages that make the research and application of electric vehicles become a "hot spot" in the automobile industry. Some experts believe that, for electric vehicles, the biggest obstacle is the construction of infrastructure and the price affects the process of industrialization, compared with hybrid, electric vehicles need more infrastructure support, and this is not a company can solve, the need for companies to join forces with local government departments to build, there will be opportunities for large-scale promotion.

Advantages:The technology is relatively simple and mature, and can be charged wherever there is electricity.

Disadvantages: the current battery unit weight storage energy is too little, but also because of the electric car battery is more expensive, and did not form an economic scale, so the purchase price is more expensive, as for the cost of use, some trial results than the car is expensive, some of the results of the car is only 1 / 3, which mainly depends on the life of the battery and the local price of oil and electricity.

3, fuel cell cars

Fuel cell cars are cars that are fueled by hydrogen, methanol and other fuels, generate electric current through a chemical reaction, and rely on electric motors to drive them. The energy of its battery is directly turned into electricity or by the chemical action of hydrogen and oxygen, not by combustion. The chemical reaction process of the fuel cell does not produce harmful products, so the fuel cell vehicle is a non-polluting vehicle. The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2 to 3 times higher than that of the internal combustion engine, so from the aspect of energy utilization and environmental protection, the fuel cell vehicle is an ideal vehicle.

Individual fuel cells must be combined into fuel cell packs in order to obtain the necessary power to meet the requirements of vehicle use.

Fuel cell technology has made significant progress in recent years. World-renowned automobile manufacturers such as DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Toyota and General Motors have announced plans to bring fuel cell vehicles to market by 2004. Currently, prototype fuel cell cars are being tested and fuel cell-powered transportation buses are undergoing demonstration projects in several cities in North America. Technical challenges remain in the development of fuel cell vehicles, such as the integration of fuel cell packs, improving the commercialization of electric vehicle fuel processors and auxiliary department of automobile manufacturers are working toward integrating components and reducing component costs, and have made significant progress.

Compared with conventional vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have the following advantages:

1. Zero or near-zero emissions.

2. Reduced water pollution caused by oil leakage.

3, reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

4, improved fuel economy.

5, improved engine combustion efficiency.

6, smooth running and no noise.

4, hydrogen-powered cars

Hydrogen-powered cars are a real zero-emission transportation, the emission is pure water, which has the advantages of non-pollution, zero-emission, abundant reserves, etc. Therefore, hydrogen-powered cars are the most ideal alternative to traditional cars. Hydrogen-powered vehicles cost at least 20% more than conventionally powered vehicles. China's Changan Automobile completed the ignition of China's first high-efficiency, zero-emission hydrogen internal combustion engine in 2007, and displayed China's first self-developed hydrogen-powered concept sports car, the "Hydrogen Course," at the 2008 Beijing Auto Show.

With the gradual formation of the "automobile society", the number of automobiles is constantly on the rise, while resources such as oil are stretched to the limit, and on the other hand, the vehicles that swallow a lot of gasoline are constantly emitting harmful gases and pollutants. The ultimate solution, of course, is not to limit the development of the automobile industry, but to open up new sources of energy to replace petroleum. The four wheels of a fuel-cell vehicle roll quickly and quietly across the road, rutting out the name of the new energy source -- hydrogen.

Almost all of the world's automotive giants are developing new energy vehicles. Electricity was once thought to be the future of automobiles, but the long charging times and weight of batteries made people gradually lose interest in them. And the current (2009) hybrid cars using electricity and gasoline can only temporarily alleviate the energy crisis, and can only reduce but not get rid of the dependence on oil. At this time, the emergence of hydrogen-powered fuel cells is like rebuilding a Noah's Ark, allowing people to see unlimited hope from the crisis.

The idea of using hydrogen as a fuel for automobiles was a shock when it first came out, but in fact it's well-founded. Hydrogen has a high energy density, releasing enough energy to run a car engine, and the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell produces only water, with no pollution. Therefore, many scientists have predicted that fuel cells using hydrogen as an energy source are the core technology of the 21st century automobile, and that it is as revolutionary to the automobile industry as the microprocessor is to the computer industry

Advantages: Emissions are pure water, and there are no pollutants produced when driving.

Disadvantages: Hydrogen fuel cells are too expensive, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen fuel is very difficult with current technology because the hydrogen molecules are so small that they can easily escape through the casing of the storage device. In addition, the most fatal problem is that hydrogen is extracted by electrolyzing water or using natural gas, which also consumes a lot of energy, and can't radically reduce carbon dioxide emissions unless it's extracted using nuclear power.

5, gas car

Gas car refers to the use of compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel for the car. In recent years, governments around the world have actively sought to solve this problem and have begun to adjust the fuel structure of automobiles. Because of its good emission performance, adjustable auto fuel structure, low operating costs, mature technology, safety and reliability, gas vehicles are recognized as the most ideal alternative fuel vehicles in the world.

At present, gas is still the mainstream of the world's automobile alternative fuels, alternative fuels in our country accounted for about 90% of the car. The U.S. goal is that by 2010, 7% of the public **** automobile field of automobile use of natural gas, 50% of cabs and shuttles to dedicated natural gas for the car; by 2010, the number of natural gas vehicles in Germany will reach 100,000 to 400,000, filling stations will be increased by the current 180 to at least 300 seats.

Industry experts point out that the role of alternative fuels is to alleviate and ultimately eliminate all kinds of pressures due to tight oil supplies and the negative impact on economic development. In the near future, China will continue to use compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and ethanol gasoline as alternative fuels for automobiles. Whether alternative fuels for automobiles can be expanded depends on China's alternative fuel resources, distribution, availability, alternative fuel production and application technology maturity and reduce environmental pollution; alternative fuel production scale, investment, production costs, prices determine its competitiveness with petroleum-based fuels; automotive production structure and design improvements must be compatible with the fuel.

Substituting gas for fuel will be the inevitable trend of automobile development in China and even in the world. China should organize as soon as possible, to develop a national gas car policy. Taking into account China's energy security is mainly the situation of oil, the development of various alternative fuels, including gas vehicles, including cars, has been a matter of urgency, according to the national situation should be done:

One is to limit the price of gas, so that the oil, gas prices to maintain a reasonable price differential, such as Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality of oil, gas differentials, which will ensure that the gas car to a moderate level of development;

The second is that, in view of the gas station investment, a long recovery period, the gas station investment, a long recovery period, and a long time. Second, given the large investment in gas stations, long payback period, the government appropriate to give some subsidies, in the gas station sold gas prices and car users due to gas savings between the fuel costs, regulate the distribution of benefits;

Third, the income tax on gas stations, should be based on high-tech industrial development zones policy, to take exemptions from the two-minus three of the tax policy;

Third, the gas station will be in accordance with the special treatment of industrial power electricity, electricity prices In addition, the gas station land, can be treated as a major project and environmental protection industry, special treatment, do not pass the buck to each other, tugging at each other, and actively adopt advanced foreign standards for building stations, scientifically determine the fire safety distance, saving land resources.

6, bio-ethanol cars

Ethanol is commonly known as alcohol, in layman's terms, the use of ethanol-fueled cars, can also be called alcohol cars. Use ethanol instead of petroleum fuel activities has a long history, both from the production and application of technology has been very mature, recently due to oil resource constraints, automotive energy diversification tends to intensify, ethanol cars and put on the agenda.

At present, there are already more than 40 countries in the world, applying ethanol vehicles to different degrees, and some of them have already reached a larger scale of promotion, and the status of ethanol vehicles is getting higher and higher.

The use of ethanol in automobiles can improve the octane number of the fuel, increase the oxygen content, so that the automobile cylinder combustion is more complete, and can reduce the emissions of harmful substances in the tailpipe.

Ethanol automobile fuel application methods:

I. Blending, refers to ethanol and gasoline blending application. In the blended fuel, ethanol and volume ratio expressed in "E", such as ethanol accounted for 10%, 15%, then E10, E15 to indicate that, at present, blending accounted for the ethanol car accounted for the main position.

Two, pure burn, that is, single burn ethanol, can be used to E100% said that the current application is not much, belongs to the trial stage;

Three, denatured fuel ethanol, refers to the dehydration of ethanol, and then add a denaturant to generate ethanol, which also belongs to the experimental application of the stage;

Four, flexible fuels, refers to the fuel can be used in both gasoline, but also can be used in the ratio of ethanol or methanol to gasoline Mixed fuel, can also use hydrogen, and can be switched at any time. Such as Ford, Toyota are experimenting with flexible fuel cars

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