Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources

Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources

When I was a child, I always listened to the old man talking about how deep the snow was in the past and touching my knees. This kind of experience seems to exist only in the weakest place at the bottom of memory, which seems to be nonexistent, but when you really look up the information, you are sure that it is really a goose feather and snow hitting your knee. When I was a child, there were always clothes with four distinct seasons. Now there are always times when I don't know what season it is. Chinese New Year is not a special favor for heavy snow, but also a sunny new love. Yes, the climate has changed. Since the industrial revolution, the economic level and living standard have been continuously improved, and more and more industrial raw materials have been burned, resulting in a sharp increase in carbon dioxide and a deepening global warming trend. There are many reasons for climate change, including natural circulation and human destruction. Water resources are the source of human life and are very precious. China is rich in water resources, but its distribution is uneven. Generally speaking, there are more in the south, less in the north, more in the coast and less in the inland, and the rainfall in China has obvious seasonality, which makes China's water resources have obvious regionality and timeliness. Only by facing up to the current climate characteristics can we better analyze the changes of hydrology and water resources brought about by climate change.

1 Global warming has become the most important climate feature at present.

Global warming is a natural phenomenon. Because a large amount of carbon dioxide produced by human activities has high permeability to the visible light radiated by the sun, but it has high absorption to the long-wave radiation emitted by the earth, and it can strongly absorb the infrared radiation radiated by the ground, which leads to the rise of the earth's temperature, that is, the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect accumulates with time, leading to rising temperatures and global warming. This explains why it is getting warmer in winter and hotter in summer. In the 20th century, the degree of global warming exceeded any time in the past 400-600 years. With global warming, glaciers melt and sea levels rise, which will inevitably lead to the inundation of some coastal countries. According to an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States on July 3, 2065438 by Russian Independent, with global warming and rising sea level, about 1400 cities in the United States will be flooded by 2 100 floods. This is a prediction based on the existing data. More and more earthquakes, floods and tsunamis show that global warming is constantly affecting the natural world and the human world.

2 the impact of climate change on natural water resources

2. 1 Sensitivity and regionality of river runoff to climate change

For example, rivers in the north are more sensitive to runoff than rivers in the south, and rivers in arid areas are more sensitive than rivers in humid areas. After global warming, the annual runoff of seven major river basins in China will have three results. One is that the annual runoff of major rivers in China will decrease, the other is that the runoff in the north will decrease and the runoff in the south will increase, and the other is that the runoff in the north will increase and the runoff in the south will decrease. These three results all show the decreasing trend of annual runoff in major river basins of China. No matter what kind of result, its unique regionality will have an inevitable impact on human production and life, and this impact is even irreversible.

2.2 Global warming

Global warming leads to glacier shrinkage, which leads to the decrease of annual runoff of rivers replenished by glacier water, and some inland rivers are also facing the dilemma of drying up. With the further climate change, the main river basins in China will be further dry or humid, but the change will not cross the climate zone. The sensitive and weak areas of China water resources system are consistent with climate change, mainly located in the Huaihe River and its north, which means that once these sensitive and weak areas have adverse effects under the global warming trend, China will lose more water resources, and the hydrological and water resources system will also change.

2.3 evaporation enhancement

Global precipitation will increase under the influence of global warming, and evaporation will also increase because of climate warming. The increase of precipitation and evaporation means that the proportion of flood and drought disasters will increase in the future. Rivers with less runoff will accelerate evaporation due to climate warming, and rivers with more water will produce floods with the increase of precipitation. At the same time, with the increase of evaporation and the decrease of river flow, the pollution degree of rivers will also increase sharply, and river pollutants and wastes will be more easily decomposed with the increase of river temperature, which will lead to the decline of water quality.

2.4 Global warming endangers natural ecosystems and destroys biodiversity.

If the global average temperature rises above 1.5 ~ 2.5 degrees Celsius, a large number of biological species will be endangered. The geographical distribution and species composition of natural vegetation will also change. Glaciers, frozen soil and snow will be reduced, the water level of lakes will drop, and sea level rise will affect coastal areas and marine ecosystems. These are natural changes that will occur under global warming, and each change is irreparable and irreparable.

3 the impact of climate change on human economic and social water use

3. 1 Water shortage

Global warming has changed the water resources system on which human beings depend, aggravated the difficulty of water use in water-deficient areas, and had a serious impact on human economy and society. At the same time, climate warming also affects agricultural irrigation, which is not conducive to agricultural development, and industrial water and domestic water are also greatly controlled. Natural disasters have increased. Through the above analysis of natural runoff, we can know that floods and droughts will occur frequently. In recent years, a series of natural disasters have also confirmed the impact of climate warming on human society. Natural disasters not only threaten the safety of human life and property, but also make future generations lose a harmonious and peaceful living environment, which will be a great punishment for mankind.

3.2 sea level rise

Sea level rise will inundate some coastal countries and regions, which will seriously threaten human life and health. However, due to global warming, human living space will become smaller and water resources will become less, which will lead to regional conflicts and even wars to snatch water resources. By then, the global water resources will undergo earth-shaking changes, the water consumption of human economy and society will be greatly reduced, and there will be less water resources available for development and utilization, which may really come true. The last drop of water in the world is human tears.

Human activities are interdependent with climate change, hydrology and water resources.

Facing the possible changes of hydrology and water resources caused by climate change, human beings need to reflect, because human beings play a core role in the relationship between human beings, climate and hydrology and water resources, that is, human activities affect climate change and then hydrology and water resources. Although some natural factors can also lead to climate change, human activities play a decisive role in climate change. This means that human activities play a decisive role in the possible changes of hydrological and water resources in the future. Therefore, human activities, climate change, hydrology and water resources are interdependent, among which human activities play a decisive role. As long as human activities are controlled scientifically and reasonably, global warming will not be accelerated and the changes of hydrology and water resources will not be so rapid and extensive. However, it is not easy to control human activities scientifically and reasonably. It needs the joint efforts of all mankind. It needs cooperation between countries and people's help. It needs the efforts of each of us.

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