What are the basic requirements for interior designers when designing room colors?

First, the basic requirements of indoor color

In interior color design, we should first understand the following issues closely related to color:

1, the purpose of using space. Meeting rooms, wards, living rooms and other different purposes are obviously considering the requirements of color, the embodiment of personality and the formation of atmosphere.

2. The size and form of space. Color can be further emphasized or weakened according to different space sizes and forms.

3. Orientation of space. Different directions have different colors under the action of natural light, and the sense of warmth and coldness is also different. So color can be used to adjust.

4. Categories of people who use space. Old people, children, men and women have great differences in color requirements, and colors should be suitable for residents' hobbies.

5, the user's activities in the space and the length of use time. Learning classrooms and industrial workshops require different sight conditions for different activities and work contents to improve efficiency, safety and comfort. The color of a room that has been used for a long time should have a stronger visual effect than the color of a room that has been used for a short time. There are also differences in the consideration of hue and chroma contrast of colors. For the space of long-term activities, the main consideration should be not to produce visual fatigue.

6. Around the space. Color is closely related to the environment, especially indoors, and the reflection of color will affect other colors. At the same time, different environments can also be reflected indoors through outdoor natural scenery, and colors should also be coordinated with the surrounding environment.

7. User's preference for color. Generally speaking, under the premise of conforming to the principle, the psychological requirements of users can be met by reasonably satisfying the interests and personalities of different users.

Under the principle of meeting the requirements of color function, give full play to the role of color in composition.

Second, the design method of indoor color

1, color coordination problem

The fundamental problem of indoor color design is collocation, which is the key to the quality of indoor color effect. Isolated colors are not beautiful or beautiful. In this sense, there is no distinction between high and low colors, only inappropriate color matching, and no unusable colors. The color effect depends on the relationship between different colors. The color effect of the same color can be very different under different background conditions, which is the unique sensitivity and dependence of color. Therefore, how to deal with the harmonious relationship between colors has become the key issue of color matching.

As mentioned above, color is closely related to human psychology and physiology. When we look at red for a while, we turn to the white wall or close our eyes, as if we would see green. In addition, the same bright solid color is used as the background color, and a gray color is embedded in the color gamut. If the solid color is green, the gray patches look red, and vice versa. This phenomenon, the former is called "continuous contrast" and the latter is called "simultaneous contrast". According to the natural physiological conditions, visual organs instinctively adjust the stimulation of color to maintain the physiological balance of vision. Only by establishing the complementary relationship of colors can vision be satisfied and tend to balance. If we observe a medium gray color block on a medium gray background, then there will be no visual phenomenon different from medium gray. Therefore, the gray in the middle is suitable for the balance required by human vision, which is the objective basis for considering color balance and coordination.

The basic concept of color harmony is that the colors of white light spectrum are arranged from purple to red according to wavelength. These solid colors are in harmony with each other, and the colors distinguished by adding equal amounts of black or white to the solid colors are also in harmony, but they are not harmonious when they are not equal. For example, beige and green, red and brown are not harmonious, and sea green and yellow are close to solid colors. Those tones that are in opposite positions on the color circle and form a pair of complementary colors are harmonious. Divide the color circle into three parts to create a particularly harmonious combination. Interior color design needs approximate coordination and contrast coordination of colors. Although approximate harmony can give people a sense of unity and harmony, the harmony and relationship formed by the opposition and conflict between colors are more touching. The key is to correctly handle and apply the uniform change law of color. Harmony is order. In all ideal color schemes, the interval between all adjacent colors is the same, and seven coordinated arrangement rules can be found in the color stereo.

2. Indoor color composition

Color often plays a special role in indoor composition.

1) can attract people's attention to something or reduce its importance.

2) Color can maximize or minimize the target.

3) Color can strengthen or destroy the form of indoor space. For example, in order to break the monotonous hexahedral space, the method of hyperplane art is adopted, which can freely and arbitrarily highlight its abstract color composition and blur or destroy the original form of space regardless of the distinction and limitation of ceiling, wall and ground interface.

4) Color can be modified by reflection.

Because of the variety and complexity of indoor objects' types, materials, textures, shapes and levels in space, the unity of indoor colors obviously ranks first. Generally can be summarized as the following color parts:

(1) background color. Such as walls, floors and ceilings, it occupies a huge area and plays a role in setting off everything in the room. Therefore, the background color is the primary consideration and choice of interior color design.

The position of different colors on different spatial backgrounds can make great differences in the nature, psychological perception and emotional response of rooms. Although a special color tone is completely suitable for the ground, it may have a completely different effect when used on the ceiling. Now, when the ceiling, wall and floor use different colors, make a shallow analysis:

Red ceiling: interference, heavy; Wall: aggressive, forward; Ground: concentrate and be alert.

Pure red is rarely used except as an emphasis color. Excessive use will increase the complexity of space, so it is more appropriate to limit it.

Pink ceiling: exquisite, pleasant and comfortable, or too sweet, depending on personal hobbies; Wall: light, if not gray, it is too sweet; Ground: It may be too delicate, so use it less.

Brown ceiling: heavy depression; Wall: if it is wooden, it is safe; Ground: stable and calm.

In some cases, brown will cause the association of dross, so designers should use it with caution.

Orange ceiling: bright and exciting; Wall: warm and shiny; Land: active and lively.

Orange is softer than red and has a more pleasant charm. Reflection on the skin can enhance the complexion.

Yellow ceiling: bright and excited; Wall: warm, if the color is high, it will cause discomfort; Ground: Rising, interesting.

Because of its high visibility, yellow is often used in places with safety requirements. Yellow is brighter than white and is often used in dimly lit spaces.

Green ceiling: safe, but the reflection on the skin is not beautiful; Wall: cold, quiet and reliable, if strong light causes discomfort; Ground: natural, soft, relaxed and cold. Green and blue-green systems provide a good environment for meditation and work that requires high concentration.

Blue ceiling: like the sky, cold, heavy and dull; Wall: cold and far away, promoting the deepening of space; Ground: Makes it feel easy to move and firm.

Blue tends to be cold, desolate and sad. If it is used in a large area, the light blue will bend the objects and details in the environment because of the strong refraction of the human eye crystal.

Purple ceiling: it is rarely used indoors except in non-main areas. In a large space, purple disturbs the focus of the eyes, and psychologically shows anxiety and inhibition.

Gray ceiling: dark color; Walls: annoying neutral tones; Grounding: neutral.

Like all neutral colors, gray has little therapeutic effect.

White ceiling: empty; Wall: empty, dull and lifeless; Ground: It seems to tell people not to touch.

White was once considered an ideal background. However, its main attributes and environmental impression in the decoration project are not considered. The contrast between white and high-color decoration effects needs extreme adaptation from light to dark, which will cause eye fatigue. In addition, the relative arrangement of low chroma color and white is boring and dreary, and white is a tragic color for the elderly and convalescent patients. Therefore, for physiological and psychological reasons, it is reasonable not to use white or gray as the main color in most environments. However, white can really accommodate all kinds of colors, and it is beyond reproach as an ideal background. It is necessary to combine the specific environment and indoor nature, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and use them skillfully to achieve ideal results.

Black ceiling: empty; Wall: ominous, like a dungeon; Ground; Strange and hard to understand.

When using black, be careful that the area should not be too large. For example, some natural black granite and marble are relatively stable high-grade materials. If used properly, they can play an irreplaceable role in background or local treatment.

(2) Decoration color. Such as doors, windows, ventilation holes, antique shelves, dados, closets, etc. This is often closely related to the background color.

(3) Furniture color. Furniture of different varieties, specifications, forms and materials, such as cabinets, dressing tables, beds, tables, chairs and sofas. , is the main body of indoor furnishings, is an important factor to express indoor style and personality. They are closely related to the background color and often become the main color to control the overall indoor effect.

(4) Fabric color. Including curtains, curtains, bedspreads, tablecloths, carpets, sofas, chairs and other masked fabrics. The material, texture, color and pattern of indoor fabrics are rich and varied, which has a closer relationship with people and plays a decisive role in indoor color. If you don't pay attention, it may become a disturbing factor. Fabric can also be used for background and key decoration.

(5) Display color. Lamps, televisions, refrigerators, thermos bottles, ashtrays, daily utensils, handicrafts, paintings and sculptures, although small in size, can often play the role of making the finishing touch and cannot be ignored. In indoor colors, it is often used as the main color or decorative color.

(6) green. Bonsai, flower basket, hanging basket, flower arrangement, different flowers and plants have different posture colors, emotional appeal and meaning, which are easy to coordinate with other colors. It plays a special role in enriching space environment, creating space artistic conception, strengthening living atmosphere and softening space body.

According to the above classification, indoor colors are usually classified into three parts:

1, as a large area color, sets off the background color of other objects in the room; 2. Under the background color, the dominant indoor furniture is the main color; 3. As the key decoration and ornament in the room, it is a small but prominent key or emphasized color. What is the background, what is the main body and what is the key point? This is the first problem to be considered in color design. At the same time, the relationship between objects of different colors forms a multi-level background relationship, such as a sofa with a wall as the background and a cushion on a sofa with a sofa as the background. In this way, for the cushion, the wall is the big background and the sofa is the small background or the second background.

In addition, in many designs, such as walls and floors, it is not necessarily just one color, but many colors may be used alternately, and graphic colors and blue landscapes will also be transformed into each other, which must be noted.

The unity and change of color is the basic principle of color composition. All the methods adopted are aimed at making selection decisions to achieve this goal, and the following issues should be emphatically considered:

(1) main theme. Indoor color should have a tone or tone, and warmth, personality and atmosphere are all reflected through the tone. For large buildings, the main theme should run through the whole building space, and then appropriate changes in local and different parts should be considered. The choice of theme is a decisive step, so it must be very related to the theme that needs reaction space. That is, what kind of feeling I hope to achieve through color, whether it is elegant or gorgeous, quiet or active, simple or luxurious. It is not easy to express it in color language. We should carefully identify and choose many color schemes. In order to express the simple and elegant artistic conception of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River and coordinate with the beautiful environment, Beijing Xiangshan Hotel adopts a system close to achromatic color as the theme, which is carried out on the wall, ceiling, floor, furniture and furnishings, giving people a unified, complete, profound, unforgettable and infectious impression. Once the main color tone is determined to be achromatic, designers should never be infatuated with all kinds of colorful fabrics, articles and furniture on the market, but should boldly apply the three colors of black, white and gray to objects that don't usually use this color tone. This requires designers to get rid of secular prejudice and prejudice, and the so-called "creation" is also reflected here.

(2) The colors of large pieces are unified and coordinated. After the main color is determined, the color application position and its proportional distribution should be considered. As a main color, it should generally occupy a large proportion, while as a main color, the secondary color only accounts for a small proportion.

The classification of the above three parts of interior color can never be used as the only basis for considering the color relationship in interior color design. Classification can simplify the color relationship, but it can't take the place of color conception, because as a large-area interface, in some cases, it may also be the key object of indoor color expression. For example, if there is little indoor furniture, or the ground around which furniture is arranged, it will often become the focus of vision, mainly decoration. Therefore, according to the design idea, we can adopt different color levels or reduce the level change. Select and determine the relationship between the bottom of the picture and the prominent visual center, for example:

1) Highlight the walls and furniture with uniform ceiling and floor colors;

2) Highlight the ceiling and furniture with unified wall and floor;

3) Use a unified ceiling and wall to highlight the floor and furniture;

4) Highlight the furniture with unified ceiling, floor and wall.

It should be noted here that if the furniture is far away from the surrounding walls, such as the island layout in the hall, then the furniture and the ground can be regarded as layers that set off each other. These two levels can be strengthened by comparison, weakened by unification or merged into one.

In the color coordination of large parts, sometimes only one or two furnishings can be highlighted, that is, unified ceilings, floors, walls and furniture can be used to highlight the furnishings, such as paintings on the walls, books on bookcases, furnishings on tables, cushions on seats, lamps and flowers. Because of the different materials used in indoor objects, even if the colors are the same, they are still very rich because of the different textures of materials, which is also a favorable factor for the rare color richness and variability in indoor color composition. So no matter how simple the color is, it will never be monotonous.

The unification of colors can also be achieved by limiting the selection of materials. For example, large-scale wooden floors, walls, ceilings, furniture and so on can be used. Masked cloth with the same color and quality can also be used for walls, curtains, furniture and so on. Some equipment, such as flower containers and some furnishings, can also be packaged to obtain the uniformity of materials.

(3) Strengthen the charm of color. The color relationship among background color, main color and accent color is by no means isolated and fixed. If we understand and deal with it mechanically, it will inevitably become monotonous. In other words, the bottom of the picture, the hierarchical relationship and the visual center need to have a clear relationship, but they are not rigid and rigid, in order to achieve richness.

This requires the following three methods:

1) color repetition or echo. That is, using the same color in several key parts makes it the key color to control the whole room. For example, use the same color on furniture, curtains and carpets, so that other colors are in a secondary and inconspicuous position. At the same time, colors can be interrelated to form a diverse and unified whole, and colors can echo each other, thus achieving visual contact and causing visual movement. For example, the white wall sets off the red sofa, and the red sofa sets off the white cushion. This color exchange at the bottom of the picture is not only a means to simplify the color, but also a way to activate the color relationship at the bottom of the picture.

2) Rhythmic continuous arrangement. The regular arrangement of colors is easy to cause visual movement, or the sense of rhythm of colors. The sense of color rhythm does not have to be used in a large area, but can also be used on objects at a close distance. When a group of sofas, a carpet, a cushion, a painting or a bunch of flowers have the same color to touch, the relationship between things in the indoor space, like a "home", is more cohesive. Group pictures on the wall, cushions of chairs, flowers in bottles, etc. Can be used as a place to arrange rhythm.

3) Use strong contrast. Colors are enhanced by mutual contrast. Once you find a contrast color in the room, that is, other colors take a back seat, your vision will soon focus on the contrast color. In contrast, their respective colors are more vivid, thus strengthening the expressive force of colors. When it comes to color contrast, don't think that there are only red, green, Rayna Sue and so on. In fact, the contrast of lightness, chroma, clear color and turbid color, color and achromatic color is often more than that of hue, or which colors can be weakened to obtain the best color composition effect. No matter what kind of intensity and method of strengthening color is adopted, its purpose is to achieve indoor unity and coordination and strengthen color isolation.

In a word, solving the relationship between colors is the center of color composition. Indoor colors can be divided into many levels, and the color relationship is complicated with the increase of levels and simplified with the decrease of levels. The relationship between different levels can be considered as background color and emphasis color respectively. The background color is often used as a large area color, and the key color is often used as a small area color, with higher chromaticity and lightness than the background color. On the basis of unified tone, we can strengthen the color power, that is, repetition, rhythm and contrast emphasize the color effect of a certain part of the room. Indoor fun center or visual focus can also enhance its effect through color contrast and other methods. Through the repetition, echo and connection of colors, the rhythm and richness of colors are strengthened, so that indoor colors can achieve diversity and unity, change in unity, not monotonous and messy, and there is a master-slave center between colors, forming a complete and harmonious whole.