What are the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members, and what are their specific contents?

One, three cardinal guides and five permanent members

1, three classes

Specifically, it refers to "the monarch is the minister, the father is the son, and the husband is the wife"; In the three cardinal guides, "the monarch is the minister's guide" is the first, and its code of conduct is "loyalty", that is, being honest with the monarch. If you treat your officials with courtesy, and your officials with loyalty, and do their respective duties, the world will be peaceful and stable.

"Father is son" is the foundation, and the social norm it requires is filial piety, which means that children absolutely obey their parents. Parents are at fault and can't offend them. In front of parents, the only thing that children know is filial piety, and the standards of right and wrong, good and evil in social norms can be ignored. "

"Husband as wife" is the basis of family-style human relations formed by husband and wife, and the corresponding code of conduct is "chastity". For example, Zhu's "Hunger is a trivial matter, but humiliation is a major matter" is the embodiment of this code of conduct.

2. Five permanent members

Specifically, it refers to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith, that is, the moral norms between people advocated by feudal ethics. "Benevolence" means love and humanity; "Righteousness" means taking reasonable responsibility; "Rite" is a moral constraint, which plays a preventive role in realizing "righteousness"; "Wisdom" refers to knowledge, especially in the era of modern knowledge economy. "Faith" means trust and honesty.

Second, three obedience and four virtues

1, three slaves

Specifically, women don't marry from their fathers, marry from their husbands and die from their husbands; "Obedience" does not mean "obeying and following", but "assisting and assisting". That is, when you are unmarried, you should listen to your parents' (father's) instructions, and after you get married, you should help your husband keep house and practice. With him gone, you should bring up your children, educate them well, and guide them to respect their correct outlook on life.

2. Four virtues

"Four virtues" refer to women's virtue, women's words, women's appearance and women's merits. After the establishment of patriarchal marriage and family in the Zhou Dynasty and the clear boundaries between men and women, there appeared a moral code of "three obedience" that required women to obey their fathers, husbands and children, that is, the female role in the family was subordinate to men.

The requirements and norms of "three obedience and four virtues" for women came into being in a specific era, and changed with the changes of society for some needs. "Four virtues" are the etiquette, manners and operational skills that women must have to practice the moral goal of "three obedience". The traditional female virtues under the influence of Confucian culture are gradually disciplined through the teaching of "three obedience" morality and the promotion and cultivation of "four virtues"

Extended data:

The words "three cardinal guides" and "five permanent members" come from Dong Zhongshu's Spring and Autumn Stories in the Western Han Dynasty. But as a moral principle and standard, it originated from Confucius in the pre-Qin period. Confucius once put forward ethical concepts such as monarch, monarch, minister, father and son, benevolence, courtesy and wisdom. Mencius further put forward the "five ethics" of "father and son are blind, the monarch and the minister are righteous, the husband and wife are different, the ages are orderly, and friends are trustworthy".

According to his theory that "Yang is worse than Yin", Dong Zhongshu further developed the concept of five ethics and put forward the way of three cardinal guides and five permanents. Dong Zhongshu believes that the monarch, father and son, and husband and wife are the most important relationships in interpersonal relationships, and these three relationships have a natural and eternal master-slave relationship: the monarch is the master and the minister is the follower; The father is the master and the son is the slave; The husband is the master and the wife is the slave.

The three cardinal guides and the five permanents are all taken from the way of yin and yang. Specifically, monarch, father and husband embody the "yang" side of heaven, while ministers, sons and wives embody the "yin" side of heaven; Yang is always in a dominant and noble position, while Yin is always in a subordinate and humble position. Dong Zhongshu established the dominance of monarchical power, patriarchal power and husband power, which can be described as the fundamental law of the universe.

Dong Zhongshu also believes that benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are the basic principles for dealing with the relationship between monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, and superior and subordinate relations, and the rulers should pay enough attention to them. In his view, an important feature that distinguishes human beings from other creatures is the innate five permanent members of human beings.

Adhering to the principle of "five permanents" can maintain social stability and interpersonal harmony. The Song Dynasty began with Zhu, and the three cardinal guides and five permanents were combined into one.

Baidu encyclopedia-three obedience and four virtues

Baidu encyclopedia-three cardinal guides and five permanent members