Application of adsorption clarification technology in Chinese medicine preparation

1. Concept:

Adsorption clarification technology: it refers to the technology of rapid separation of solid-liquid by using adsorption clarifier. That is, in the suspension of traditional Chinese medicine extract or concentrate add adsorption clarifier, to remove coarse particles in solution by adsorption, as well as starch, tannins, gums, proteins, polysaccharides and other ineffective or unnecessary components

2. Development:

In the 1st century A.D.: the use of alumina-vanadium earth and lime clarification of the suspension of turbidity

In the 19th century: the use of inorganic coagulants as a suspension clarification agent

1.

1950s: clarification technology is widely used in solid-liquid separation processes in various industrial sectors.

II. Advantages:

Disadvantages of traditional alcohol precipitation:

1. Large loss of active ingredients

2. Poor stability of the finished product, the liquid preparation after alcohol precipitation is prone to sedimentation

3. Serious loss of total solids and active ingredients of Chinese medicine, which makes it difficult to ensure the validity of the finished preparation. The loss of total solids is generally at least 50% or more, or even up to 80% or more, reducing the efficacy.

4. High cost, energy-consuming material, need to consume a lot of alcohol, operation trouble.

5. Long production cycle, production hours, high labor intensity.

Now the use of adsorption clarification technology can partially replace the Chinese medicine water alcohol precipitation process, and improve the content of the active ingredients, selectively remove the ineffective components to ensure the stability of the quality of the finished product. With the following advantages:

1. Effective

The method does not reduce the soluble solids in solution, can most effectively increase the content of active ingredients to ensure the efficacy of preparations

2. Specificity

Different adsorption clarifiers have different removal of impurities, select a good adsorption clarifiers can be exclusively removed, such as polysaccharides, proteins, tannins and other ineffective components or components without

The adsorption clarifiers can be used to remove the impurities, such as polysaccharides, proteins, tanning, and so on. Components or no components

3. Non-toxic

Adsorption clarifiers - generally natural organic compounds, non-toxic and tasteless.

4. Convenient

The use of this technology to refine the Chinese medicine extract, without any special equipment, just add adsorption stirrups to be processed, and shorten the period of time, all the clarification process can be completed in 12 hours or so at most.

5. Thrifty

Adsorption of clarifying agent cost is low.

6. Good stability of the finished product

The oral liquid obtained by this method (such as pulse drink) stored at room temperature for nearly 2 years, there is still no obvious impact on the clarity of the precipitation.

7. Reduce costs and improve production efficiency.

100 (tons) of pulse drink oral solution (about 3 million yuan output value)

Third, the principle of adsorption and clarification

1. The reason for the stabilization of Chinese medicine suspension

It is due to the suspension of solid particles in the suspension is too fine, and at the same time with a homogeneous charge and the formation of Brownian motion. In addition, there is a hydrophilic colloid in the solution, it is soluble macromolecules, such as proteins, starch and humic acid, etc., their molecules have hydrophilic polar groups, such as -OH, -NH2, etc., a strong affinity for water, to maintain a thicker layer of water around the molecules can be swollen, there is a tendency to form a true solution. Suspension to form a dispersion system is to rely on fine particle size, homogeneous charge and dissolution in water to form a stable state.

The impurities in the Chinese medicine water extract contain starch, protein, mucus, tannin, pigment, gum, inorganic salts and other complex components, these substances together **** with the formation of 1-100nm colloidal dispersion system. Colloidal dispersion system is a kinetic stability, thermodynamically unstable system. From the kinetic point of view, when the colloidal particles are very small, the Brownian motion is extremely strong, the establishment of sedimentation equilibrium takes a long time, after the establishment of the equilibrium, the concentration gradient of the colloidal particles is very small, so that can make the colloidal solution in the very after, the concentration gradient of the colloidal particles is very small, which will make the colloidal solution in a long time to maintain stability. From the thermodynamic point of view, the colloidal dispersion system itself there is a huge interfacial energy, easy to gather, set after the size of the mass point beyond the scope of the colloidal dispersion system, so that the Brownian motion of the mass point itself is not enough to overcome the effect of gravity, and precipitation from the dispersing medium. Adsorption and clarification technology only removes the larger particles in the aqueous extract and the suspended particles with the tendency to precipitate, and retains the effective polymer substances, thus improving the stability of the drug solution.

2 Commonly used adsorption clarifiers and application studies

2.1 101 juice clarifier.

It is a new type of edible juice clarifier, mainly removing the protein, tannin, pigment and pectin and other large molecule unstable impurities in the herbal liquid to achieve the purpose of clarification. It is odorless, non-toxic, safe, does not introduce any acrobatics in the treatment, and can be filtered out together with the flocculent precipitate formed after the treatment.101 Clarifying agent is a water-soluble colloidal substance, which is usually formulated into a 5% aqueous solution for use because of its slow dispersion in water. The amount added in the extraction solution is generally about 2% to 20%.

Guo Meiya et al. 101 juice clarifier clarification of astragalus, Poria medicinal liquid, can make the suspension impurities basic precipitation completely, through the resin acid, organic acid detection and total acid, amino acid nitrogen content determination, the results proved that the 101 juice clarifier can be retained intact medicinal liquid ingredients and taste. Lv Wuqing et al. used 101 fruit juice clarifier in the clarification of Yupingfeng oral liquid, compared with alcohol precipitation method, amino acids, polysaccharides, astragalosides, the amount of total solids, the former can be effectively retained, and reduce the production cost and cycle time. Yuan Mingde et al. with 101 juice clarifier in a compound Chinese medicine extract for clarification, can be the main active ingredients in the liquid of the ILC detection and content determination, indicating that 101 clarifier does not adsorb the main active ingredients of the liquid. Li Xianzhou et al. 101 clarifying agent in the antiviral oral solution, pharyngitis composite more than a year, many experimental results show that its precipitation and filtration of the liquid and the stability of the speed and stability of the liquid is better than ethanol.

2.2 Chitin adsorption clarifier.

Chitin is a natural organisms (crustacean crabs, shrimp, insect shells, etc.) contained in the amino polysaccharides by dilute acid treatment of the substance. Chitosan is white or off-white translucent solid, insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali, soluble in concentrated inorganic acid. Chitosan is deacetylated chitin, white or off-white, insoluble in water and alkali solution, soluble in several dilute acids, acetic acid, benzoic acid and so on. The international community attaches great importance to their development and application. They can be biosynthesized or used as biodegradation without causing secondary pollution. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as a new excipient, such as film material, oral slow-release preparations can be directly powder pressed tablets, wet granules pressed tablets and slow-release particles, etc., to control the release of drugs. Chitosan as a flocculant in the preparation of oral liquid is the role of intermolecular adsorption bridging and charge in with proteins, pectin, etc. in the drug solution. In dilute acid chitosan will be slowly hydrolyzed, so chitosan is used with the preparation.

Chen Xinhua et al. added chitosan solution to rheumatism medicinal wine and Shi Guogong medicinal wine, to remove the negatively charged cellulose, tannin, tannin and bacteria, and achieved good results. Ni Jian et al. clarified single-flavored white peony extract with chitosan, and the results showed that the clarification effect was certain, with no effect on the content of paeoniflorin, and the finished product had low cost and good stability. Wang Shudong et al. used chitosan, 101 juice clarifier, ZTC natural clarifier and ethanol to clarify the aqueous extract of pediatric ephedra-glycine punch prescription, and then compared the content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as the indexes of constituents contained in ephedra, the main drug in the prescription, and preferred chitosan as the clarification process by orthogonal design method. Li Hanbao et al. used chitosan, 101 juice clarifier, ZTC natural clarifier clarification method instead of the original alcohol precipitation method for the preparation of qi and blood double tonic oral liquid, HPLC method to determine the comparison of its content, three kinds of natural clarifiers can be achieved with ethanol the same clarification effect, and the content of paeoniflorin has no significant effect, especially the single use of chitosan can be used in place of ethanol as a clarifying agent, both economic and convenient.

3 Conclusion

101 juice clarifiers, chitosan adsorption clarifiers, its rich resources, low cost, easy to apply, has a broad prospect. However, the research on them only stays in the preliminary experimental stage, and they can not be applied in industrialized mass production. Chinese medicine from rich sources, complex composition, suction team clarification of various components of the impact is not the same, should be a systematic study of adsorption and clarification of the main components retained by the agent, to remove which impurities, in order to provide a reliable basis for industrial production. With the adsorption clarification process of continuous research, to promote the continuous improvement of the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine, and further promote the development of Chinese medicine preparation.