Festivals in Shanghai (Folk Customs in Shanghai)

Shanghai lies to the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, there are many similarities between the customs of Shanghai and other places in the south of the Yangtze River. After the opening of the port, Shanghai has gradually become a densely populated city with mixed Chinese and foreign cultures and mixed places, adding new content to the original customs; Shanghai Customs has gradually formed its own characteristics. New Year's Eve and Spring Festival New Year's Eve, also called "New Year's Eve", refer to the last day or this day of the lunar new year. It's night, so it's also called "New Year's Eve". The word "except" on New Year's Eve was originally to be removed, so New Year's Eve is also called "except for the year". According to the old custom, the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the Kitchen God's Day, and it is necessary to sacrifice to the Kitchen God. The 24th of the twelfth lunar month is a small year. From this day until the end of the twelfth lunar month, every household should clean up and buy new year's goods. In rural areas, pigs and sheep should be slaughtered, glutinous rice flour should be ground, various snacks should be made, and all kinds of bacon should be preserved. In addition, New Year pictures will be posted. City people often buy daffodils, wintersweet and Tianzhu in bottles to add festive atmosphere. When night falls, families get together for a New Year's Eve dinner, which is also called a reunion dinner. The dishes on the table are usually very rich. Stay up all night. People usually watch TV programs at home, which is called "keeping the old". When the New Year bell rings, firecrackers are ringing to welcome the arrival of the New Year. In order to ensure the safety of citizens, firecrackers have been banned in the city center, but people celebrate the Spring Festival in other ways. The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in our country. It is full of joy. The first day of the first lunar month is the traditional China New Year. At the dawn of the first day, people were all dressed up, and the whole family paid New Year greetings to their elders and peers paid New Year greetings to each other. The elders will also give red envelopes to their children to congratulate them on growing one year taller. On the afternoon of the first day, on the third day of the second day, I went out to pay New Year greetings to my relatives and friends. Nowadays, communication is developed, and many people pay New Year greetings by telephone or online. Now videophone has begun to enter people's lives. When you pay a New Year call to your distant relatives and friends, the voice and smile on the receiver will be clearly displayed on the TV screen immediately. That clear voice and high-quality picture can make you feel as kind as talking face to face with friends and relatives. On the fourth day of the fourth year, many people bought live fresh carp to "pick up the God of Wealth". Because the pronunciation of "carp" and "Li" is similar, and because the live carp is fished out of the water, it is covered with silk rope on red paper, and its head and tail are tilted up like a treasure. From the first day to the fifth day, the streets are very busy, and people who go to the temple to burn incense or visit the temple fair are in an endless stream. A firm's store is closed from the first day to the third day, which is called "closing the store". Some are closed until the fifth day of the fifth year, which is the only day for employees to rest in a year. See the god of wealth on the fifth day and eat the wine of the god of wealth at night. The fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival is Shangyuan Festival, and this night is called Yuanxiao. Lantern Festival is a great event. Generally, people eat wonton during the day and Yuanxiao at night, which is also called glutinous rice balls. On the Lantern Festival, several downtown areas inside and outside old Shanghai set up high light sheds, and all kinds of lanterns gathered together, which was very spectacular. There are many sails on the Huangpu River, and lights are hung on the masts of some ships. Lights are also hung everywhere in rural areas and fields, known as "looking at the fields", which also indicates a bumper harvest of crops. "Playing Dragon Lantern" is a lively festival performance in suburban counties, especially in the western suburbs and Jiading South Lane. When performing, there are ten gongs and drums, and sometimes dozens of dragon lanterns meet to perform dragon balls. Women have to "walk three bridges" on the Lantern Festival. It is said that they walk three bridges on a moonlit night and can cure all diseases all year round. Inside and outside old Shanghai, there are many canal bridges, so it is easy to walk over three bridges. At that time, many people went for a walk outside Xiaodongmen to have a look at Lujiashi Bridge. In March in Tomb-Sweeping Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, people took the opportunity of sweeping graves to go for an outing in the suburbs. Go to Longhua Temple for pilgrimages on March 15. On this day, the temple fair in Longhua Town was extremely prosperous. Many people like to watch peach blossoms, which are crowded and lively. Qing Qianlong Li Nanxing wrote in "Zhuzhi Ci": "The spring scenery is good on March 15, and there are many episodes in Gu Chan; The waves swept away the bells and the boat passed the 18 th Bay of Longhua. " "Longhua Night Bell" was originally one of the eight scenic spots in Shanghai. On March 23rd, I worshipped Tianhou's birthday and prayed for Tianhou's blessing. Fujian businessmen in Shanghai looked forward to "benefiting An Lan" at sea. At that time, the believers in Tianhou Palace offered sacrifices to Tianhou Palace and invited the troupe to perform. Long Summer Festival In April, during the Long Summer Festival, farmers in the suburbs of Shanghai made strips of wheat flour and sugar, which were called wheat silkworms. When people eat them, it is said that they can avoid "summer". In the long summer, tender grass heads and rice noodles are fried into cakes, which are called "stalls" and are deeply loved by Shanghai and Pudong people. Sugar plum, fermented grains, salted eggs, etc. It is also a seasonal food, calling it fresh and tasting it "three new". Buddha Bath Festival: Buddha Bath Festival on the eighth day of April (Sakyamuni's birthday). On this day, the temple will dust off the Buddha statue and recite the scriptures. There are grand temple fairs in the big temples inside and outside the city, such as Jing 'an Temple and Guangfu Temple on Fangbang Road. During the temple fair, department stores outside the mountain gate will gather together to exchange local products. Dragon Boat Festival May is busy with the Dragon Boat Festival. Every family wraps zongzi, or corn, and hangs calamus, wormwood and garlic on the door, which means "avoiding evil spirits". Drink realgar wine at noon. Smoke the house with atractylodes rhizome, angelica dahurica, rue and other drugs. Rubbing realgar on the child's forehead is used to eliminate dampness, detoxify and remove bad breath, which means to spend the summer heat safely without being infected. Seasonal foods include palm seed, batch processing, yellow croaker and garlic. The most interesting thing about the Dragon Boat Festival is watching the dragon boat race. Guanyin's birthday on June 19, Guanyin's birthday, the incense in the Buddhist temple rose again, and many Buddhist believers gathered in the temple. On July 7th, it was said that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl crossed the river with two stars. On this night, they offered fruits and melons, so that the "Seven Qiaohui" could eat suitable fruits. Mid-Autumn Festival On the Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th, a Dojo was built in the temple, with a "flame mouth" and lotus lanterns in the pool, which was called "Orchid Club". Birthday of the earth treasure king July 30th, Buddhist legend says it is the birthday of the earth treasure king. In the old custom, the streets and gardens were filled with incense and lit with candles, which was called "floor lamp". Mid-Autumn Festival The Mid-Autumn Festival in July and August is the season to enjoy the moon. People go out to watch the moonlight, which is called "walking on the moon". Many old Shanghainese like to go to Lujiashi Bridge outside Xiaodongmen to see the moon shadow rippling under the bridge. "Liang Shi jathyapple" is one of the "Eight Scenes of Shanghai". During the flood season from Mid-Autumn Festival to 18, many people go to Dongcheng to see the rivers and lakes, and some people go to Haining, Zhejiang to watch the tide. In recent years, many people have watched various performances of "Shanghai Osmanthus Festival". Double Ninth Festival On September 9th, Double Ninth Festival, glutinous rice flour and sugar are used to steam double ninth cake, and Gao Qiao, Jiading and Chuansha make muffins, all of which are suitable foods, and chrysanthemums are used to make wine. People drank chong yang wine's story "This day is the time to climb mountains to avoid disasters", and residents took action to climb mountains. The Yushan Mountain in Songjiang and the rockery in Yuyuan Garden have become mountaineering resorts. Chrysanthemum Club Chrysanthemum Club In mid-September, many literati held chrysanthemum parties to enjoy chrysanthemums and write poems. There are all kinds of famous chrysanthemums, such as blooming flowers, high and low density, and porcelain pots and bamboo grids, all of which are very well studied and compete with each other. Winter solstice 1 1 month Winter solstice, the day before winter solstice, the old custom is to grind rice noodles and steam flower cakes to make rice balls and give them to relatives and friends, just like the New Year. The Taoist Day of Sakyamuni is on the eighth day of December. Legend has it that it is Sakyamuni's Daoist Day. Folk people cook "Laba porridge", especially in temples. Walnuts, red dates, chestnuts, broad beans, taro, arrowheads and vegetables are cooked with white rice to offer sacrifices to the Buddha, and then the monks share them and feed them to Tan Yue, a Buddhist benefactor. /kloc-Send Kitchen God in late February, and people are busy giving New Year presents. On the 24th, I made a thank-you cooker, and sent it to heaven with wine, fruit, jiaozi and gold ingot sugar. Yuanbao candy is a kind of chewing gum candy, which means sticking the mouth of Kitchen God to prevent him from being cynical. The above customs are still popular in some rural areas in the suburbs of Shanghai. In Shanghai, due to the changes of the times and the improvement of scientific and cultural level, some have been gradually eliminated, while others have been passed down through changes. In a word, the customs of Shanghai are constantly changing. For example, eating zongzi on New Year's Eve, eating green zongzi in Tomb-Sweeping Day, eating palm seed on Dragon Boat Festival, tasting moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival, eating cakes on Double Ninth Festival and making rice cakes in jiaozi on New Year's Eve are still the characteristics of Jiangnan folk customs. Due to the improvement of urban civilization, citizens put forward the suggestion that firecrackers should not be set off at the age of 20. Because setting off firecrackers can easily lead to fire, injury and environmental pollution, the Municipal Public Security Bureau stipulates that setting off fireworks and firecrackers is completely prohibited in the area within the Inner Ring Road. In recent years, during the Spring Festival, many families changed the custom of giving lucky money to their children during the Spring Festival to giving toys or books. During the Spring Festival, many citizens changed their habit of giving gifts to relatives, and it gradually became a trend to replace gift boxes with flower etiquette telegrams.

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