What are the Lingnan cultures in Foshan, please?

The status of Foshan in Lingnan culture Chen Enwei Abstract: This paper applies quantitative statistical methods and theories of human geography to examine the status of Foshan culture in Guangfu as well as in Lingnan culture, and argues that whether it is the quantity and quality of talents in the past generations, or the quantity and quantity of the remaining documents, Foshan occupies the primary position in all parts of Lingnan, which determines the central position of Foshan in Lingnan culture. The prosperity of Foshan culture, however, depends on its regional environment, geographical location and level of economic development. Keywords: Foshan, Guangfu culture, statusAuthor's introduction: Chen Enwei (1975-), male, Associate Professor of Foshan Institute of Science and Technology, Associate Director of the Chinese Department) Qu Dajun, in his discussion of the culture of Guangdong and its rise course, said: "Guangdong resides in the southern part of the world, and so it is called the southern center, and is also said to be the southern descendants. The fire of the room, Zhu Rong's ruins in, the world's civilization to the extreme. Extremely late for its hair, the beginning of Ran in the Han, blazing in the Tang in the Song, to have Ming was light in the four directions, so today under the language of the people must be called Guangdong. ...... Contempt, a country of humanities, the world of humanities. Know the world in a country, know a country in a person. ...... Guangdong, my hometown, a Mulberry and still respect, let alone the beauty of the article. Wen the Road of the apparent also, respect its text, so respect its Road. Road in my hometown, I have to see by its text, as the capital of Shangyou, as the basis of animal virtue, is not the reason why I am a scholar." [[1]] Here Qu Dajun elucidated the scholarly view that the rise of Guangdong culture depended on the geography of Guangdong, and put forward the perspective of examining the regional culture of people - literature - land - country and the The significance of the study of regional culture. In this paper, we intend to inherit and develop the method of the sages' investigation of local regional culture, and utilize the quantitative statistical method and the theory of human geography to investigate the "people", "culture" and "land" of Foshan, in order to scientifically and accurately assess the role of Foshan in the local culture. In order to scientifically and accurately assess the status of Foshan in Lingnan (Guangfu) culture. First, Foshan for the Lingnan humanities abode in the feudal era, a place of cultural prosperity, from the court from the number of local talents selected to examine. For this reason, this paper according to the "guangzhou prefectural records - election table", the development of the "guangzhou prefectural successive generations of township tributes, jinshi geographic distribution of the table", in order to understand the position of foshan in guangfu culture. (1) Foshan is the center of Guangzhou culture. The total number of Guangzhou Province successive rural tributes to the total number of 1,283 people, of which Panyu for 260 people, accounting for 20.3%, Nanhai 357 people, accounting for 27.8%, Shunde 238 people, accounting for 18.6%, Dongguan 193 people, accounting for 15.0%. Foshan under the jurisdiction of the Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui, Gaoming four counties in the past generations of the township tributes and the number of scholars accounted for the total number of Guangzhou Province in the past generations of the township tributes to the total number of scholars, 48.7%, accounting for half of the river. The central position of Foshan in Lingnan culture can be seen. (2) The regional culture of Foshan was centered on Nanhai and Shunde, and its development was unbalanced. Nanhai provided the first in the number of township tributes and jinshi, accounting for 27.8% of the total number in Guangzhou Province. It is obviously the center of Guangzhou Province culture. Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty claimed: "Nanhai flourished in the spirit of clothes and crowns". Wu Rongguang of the Qing Dynasty also pointed out that: "the national system of science, nine counties in Guangdong in the amount of seventy-two lifts, each section of the Guangzhou County a few of its half, fourteen genera in Guangzhou, the South China Sea and half of its residence." [[3]] Shunde accounted for 18.6%, on the proportion seems inferior to the South China Sea, but since the Ming Dynasty, Shunde from the South China Sea separation, separate county, the speed of the rise of culture is amazing, especially during the Qing Dynasty, the number of its scholar even surpassed the South China Sea, Panyu, and jumped to the first. In contrast, Sanshui accounted for only 2.0%, and Gaoming accounted for only 0.1%, which is related to their late establishment of the county and late cultural development. "Gao Ming County Records - preface to the biography" recognizes: "Gao Ming this wide Zhao wrong border, half mountain, half zephyr, the atmosphere of simplicity and lushness, since the drawing of the border to open the county had not decades, and talent following the rise of the virtue of literature contained in the Tongzhi, the County Records is not a book." [[4]] The number of people entering the election in Gaoming, only one person in all generations, so the county compiler, had to emphasize recorded in the "Guangdong Tongzhi" in the virtues, literature, its culture is relatively backward is an indisputable fact. From the point of view of the whole province of Guangdong, Foshan culture is also in the lead. This can be seen from the Summary Table of the Distribution of Scholarships, Top Eyes, and Scholarships in Guangdong Throughout the Ages. From the above table, we can see that there are 9 scholars in Guangdong, 8 top students, and 9 probationers, and Foshan is the first one in this list in terms of the number of scholars, top students, and probationers, accounting for more than one-third of the total number of scholars, top students, and probationers, etc. In 2007, Yuexiu District of Guangzhou built the Museum of Southern Guangdong Sages, and the first batch of 56 sages of Southern Guangdong who have made important contributions to the culture of Lingnan was included, and 10 sages of Foshan were selected, accounting for 17.8%, which is the first one among all the places. Foshan was selected by 10 people, accounting for 17.8% of the total, ranking first among all places. [[5]] This also illustrates Foshan's position in Lingnan culture. The above is mainly analyzed from the quantity of cultural talents, in terms of the quality of talents, Foshan has emerged in all aspects of talents throughout the ages, becoming a monument of Guangfu culture. In economics, Foshan since the Ming and Qing dynasties have appeared Fang Xianfu, Zheng Yu, Pang Song, District Daren, He Weibei, Zeng Zhao, Gui Wencan, Wen Runeng, Jane Zhaoliang, etc., or through a scripture, or both through a number of scriptures, they are Lingnan famous scribes. History, Zhou Keming, Huang Zhi, Kuang Lu, Liang Tingnan, Li Wentian, Wang Zhaoyong, etc., all specializing in, since the famous. Literature, the early Ming Dynasty, the South Park before the five Mr. Lingnan school of poetry, Foshan, Foshan, two of the five, Shunde Sun蕡 is known as "Lingnan Poetry"; in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the South Park after the rise of Mr. five, leading the poetry world in Guangdong and the sea, in which the Shunde Ou Daren, Liang has a good reputation for influencing the whole country. At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, half of the "Twelve Sons of the South Garden" were from Foshan; Chen Bangyan of Shunde, Chen Zizhuang of Nanhai and Zhang Jiayu of Dongguan were called the "Three Zhongs of Lingnan"; Chen Gongyin, the son of Chen Bangyan, and Li Suigou of Panyu and Kuanglu of Nanhai were called the "Three Former Families of Lingnan". The son of Chen Bangyan, Chen Gongyin, Panyu Li Suikou and Nanhai Kwonglu were called "the first three families of Lingnan". In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Shunde Lijian, Zhang Jinfang, Huang Danshu, and Panyu Lv Jian were known as the "Four Families of Lingnan" because they were good at painting; Shunde Hu Yichang, Zhang Jinfang, and Feng Minchang of Qinzhou were known as the "Three Sons of Lingnan" because they were good at poetry. In the late Qing and modern times, Huang Jie of Shunde and Liang Dingfen of Panyu, Zeng Xi Jing and Luo Gall Gong were known as the "Four Modern Families of Lingnan" for their poetry and literature; Wu Corns opened the way for modern condemnation novels, and Kang Youwei became the representative of the "Poetry Revolution".... .... The above historical and cultural celebrities, "style and integrity can be admired and think also, the virtue of industry can be examined and the law also, the discussion can be recited and service also, ...... after the sage following the rise, will also be through the sound and light to self-strengthening carry forward. Table South China Sea people with, it is here." [[6]] They were born in Foshan, grew up in Foshan, construction of Foshan, Foshan, laid the center of Foshan in Guangfu culture, Foshan is the true meaning of the city's "name" piece, but also Foshan, "cultural city" construction of cultural resources. For example, we are discussing the spirit of Foshan people today, I think that the historical and cultural celebrities on the style of virtue, the spirit of learning, the tradition of culture, can become its important connotation. Secondly, Foshan is the state of literature in Lingnan. When we discuss the status of a place's culture, the most important basis is the literature left in the place. Qu Dajun "Guangdong New Words" Volume XI Wen language "Liu Gu Shi set" article cloud: since Han Changli into Guangdong, Guangdong people and the tour, and because of the well-known in the world, in Haiyang is Zhao De, in the South China Sea is the district book, district Hong. At that time Changli in the German ultimatum, and a poem to separate, in the book in order, in Hong also have a poem to send, so far, Cantonese people think it is honored. ...... If the Han Dynasty, our Cantonese language began in the West, for Chen Qin, Chen Yuan father and son. In the Tang Dynasty, our Cantonese literature began in the north, for Zhang Literature (Jiuling) and Jun (Liu Ke). Literature and Jun, it is also the end of the north and the beginning of the south of Guangdong. [[7]] During the Han and Tang dynasties, Lingnan literature center in the western Guangdong Guangxin (Fengkai) and northern Guangdong Qujiang (Shaoguan), to the Tang and Song dynasties, Panyu as the center of the rapid rise of the Pearl River Delta, became the political, economic and cultural center of the Lingnan, and Foshan Lingnan has developed into the most important transportation towns, and the literature has also been developed cumulatively. Foshan Lingnan, gradually become the center of Lingnan literature. Mr. Luo Zhihuan had made "Lingnan authors and literature distribution table", aims to reflect the distribution of Lingnan literature, we take this to observe the Foshan region in the Lingnan culture status: 1. Since the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Foshan, Foshan, there are 258 authors, accounting for a total of 692 people in the 37%, higher than the 21% of Guangzhou; Huiyang's 12%; Foshan, Foshan, the historical and scholarly writings in the record of the four writings of the 592, accounting for 29%, higher than the 22% of Guangzhou, Huiyang's 12%; Foshan, the four writings of the history, the four writings of the 29%, the 29%. The number of authors and the number of writings in Foshan is higher than that of Guangzhou (22%) and Huiyang (16%). Whether it is the number of authors or the number of writings, Foshan is undisputedly the first, and Foshan's position as the center of Lingnan culture can thus be seen.2 From the point of view of the categories of Foshan's documentary heritage, the number of scriptures, histories, and collections of literature all rank first in Lingnan. In terms of the proportion of each department, the scripture department accounted for 13% of the total number of documents in Foshan, 21% of the history department, 56% of the collection department, and 10% of the children's department. It can be seen that Foshan culture is particularly developed in literature and history.3. From the viewpoint of the dynasties in which the authors were distributed, Foshan has only become the center of literature in Lingnan since the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Foshan **** had 248 authors, accounting for 96% of the total number of Foshan's successive generations and 35% of the total number of Lingnan authors. It can be introduced that the period of the rise of Foshan culture is the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the literature remains of Foshan Dynasties, the number of historical documents is more considerable. And the historical literature in the number of local records accounted for the largest proportion. According to statistics, 43 kinds of local records in Foshan region in the past dynasties, 58 kinds of existing, the existing number in the whole Lingnan region ranked first, the number of records ranked second. [[9]] Local records are comprehensive documents that record the natural and social features, historical and realistic materials, material production and spiritual life of a certain administrative area. Therefore, the production and preservation of local records is actually a conscious construction of regional culture. Based on a certain cultural identity - caste, dialect, terroir, industry and the values and sense of honor formed on this basis - the people of a locality, out of their historical curiosity for the regional cultural ****similarity, consciously employ a number of means for constructing and depicting traditions, the most important of which is the historical compilation, because "The task of historical codification is to establish and refine an image of the past. Critical or scientific historical codification explores accepted, or traditional, images of the past, and examines and refines them." [[10]] This can be verified from the study of Guangdong's local histories by Liang Tingxi, a famous historian from Shunde in the mid-Qing Dynasty. Liang Ting-an was the author of a number of local historical records, including Shunde County Records, Biographies of the Five Lords of South Vietnam, South Han Book, Guangdong Coastal Defense Compendium, and Yuexiu Shuyuan Zhi. In these works, on the one hand, he tried to accurately reproduce the local history through fine historical evidence, and on the other hand, he consciously participated in the construction of the cultural characteristics of Guangdong by combining with his own realization of Lingnan culture. For example, the Biography of the Five Lords of South Vietnam records that Zhao Tuo, the founder of the South Vietnamese regime, was a Han Chinese who "harmonized with the Hundred Yue" [[11]] and passed to the Central Plains in the north; in the Book of the Southern Han, it is recorded that Liezong's father and son "recruited many eminent scholars of the Chinese dynasty" [[12]], which elevated the fusion between the cultures of Lingnan and those of the Central Plains level. In fact, Liang Tingnan, as a historian, deliberately emphasized the compatibility of Lingnan culture, and this kind of writing behavior is a typical cultural construction. [The reason why Foshan culture was able to occupy a central position in Lingnan depended on Foshan's geographical environment, location, and level of economic development. Ming Chen Hongmu, Zhang Han "pine window dream language & gt; Volume II contained: from Nan'an over the Meiling, Ling high road pass, the road circled up, but also not for the danger. Crossing the ridge, boarding the boat. Through Huangtang, Pingpu, the road more strange peaks and rocks, and the clear water swirling around under it, good to entertain the eyes. To shaozhou, there are white tower dike, yingde have guanyin cave. Cave in the river, the stone mountain high stand, the water wall, and the cavern is deep. Across the Jiangkou Hengshiji Feilai Temple, the temple on the mountain, the peaks of the show, back to the islets were Lan, a win concept also. Calendar Qingyuan, three water, when the tide is long, the water is turbulent, slowly tugging and pulling into. Climbed the small Jinshan, formerly known as the Lingzhou Mountain, the temple said Baotuo, there are the remains of Dongpo, before the supreme platform. Climbing the mountain and look, all sides are water, if you climb the Jinshan view of the river, but the width of the different ears. From here through the kiln, to the city of Guangdong, for the ancient South Vietnam. The city has seven gates, the northeast corner of the city has Yuexiu Mountain, northwest of the Nine Eyes Pond, for one side of the victory. The weather is very warm, it is the place where yang leaks and yin flourishes, there is no snow in winter, flowers don't fade, grass and trees don't wither, and the people have many wet diseases, which is also the result of the wind. Its customs cheap grains and expensive exotic, but beads and jade teeth tortoise and hardware incense are produced from the South China Sea Island, not all of China. [[14]] Foshan is located in the south-central Guangdong Province, the Pearl River Delta hinterland, east of Guangzhou, west of Zhaoqing, south of Zhuhai, north of Qingyuan, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, the geographic location is very advantageous, can indeed be seen as the convergence of all parts of Guangdong, for the geography of Guangdong, the "poly". From a larger scope, Foshan is Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi provinces into the gateway to Guangzhou. Blessed geographical location and transportation environment and climatic conditions, so that Foshan is rich in produce, trade is well developed, and become the gathering and dispersal of materials and personnel of the enemy. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Foshan's handicrafts, commerce and culture have been very prosperous, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties is developed into a collection of merchants, industrial and commercial development of Lingnan town, and Hubei's Hankou town, Jiangxi's Jingdezhen and Henan's Zhuxianzhen, and known as China's "four great towns", was China's largest distribution center for goods in southern China, trade towns, listed as one of the nation's It was once the largest commodity distribution center and trade town in southern China, and was listed as one of the "Four Great Gatherings" (Beijing, Foshan, Suzhou and Hankou) in China. It can be said that Foshan's geographic and transportation location of the "gathering", so that it has become the gathering of materials, talent, and thus also become the abode of humanities in Guangdong, the state of literature. From the perspective of cultural geography, Foshan's "gathering" of materials and personnel from all sides is in fact a kind of cultural gathering, i.e., "compatibility", which is one of the typical qualities of Guangdong culture, and this can be regarded as one of Foshan's contributions to the culture of Guangfu and even Lingnan. This can also be regarded as one of Foshan's contributions to Guangfu and even Lingnan culture. Kangxi "Nanhai County" Volume XI "character biography preface" has not without pride summarized: "South Eup only when the capital, ten counties converge, Linghai spirit in Zizhu coiled, so its up and down the ancient and modern, a thousand years, hair for the humanities, really crown the whole of Guangdong. Or to honor the name of the bamboo and silk; or to write a stream of Huumei; and martyrdom border; and high in the caves; down to the maturity of the queen's daughter, but also to sharpen the sacrifice, and the husband and other martyrs. The yellow color of the book is no less than abundant." [[15]] The reason why Foshan culture flourished depends directly on the level of economic development in Foshan. Ye Shidong cloud: "Guangdong good poetry and rhetoric, Mr. Jinshen ungrouped back, do not ask family, production, but poetry, repair the time of the year will be, the Cantonese people, so more than the high cause is." [[16]] It is because of the rich local economy of Guangdong, can solve the retired scholarly life of worry, so can rest assured that cultural production. Wen Ru Neng on Shunde cloud: "Shunyi in the southwest of Yangcheng, the realm of the South, Fans, incense, the new intersection, no land is not water, lived in the villages and villages, Sydney water around its side, and oars and oars with the tide up and down, a look at the waves and the light of the four, the scenery is superb. Therefore, its people more dashing out of the dust, can article, work chanting, and its writings see also endless, an allegory of the vastness of the situation, the commentator said that the spirit of the earth has to bell also." [[17]] It can be said that the natural environment to transportation conditions, affecting economic development, and economic development and lay the foundation for cultural development. Foshan economic development to promote the role of culture, can also be examined directly from the development of the local publishing industry. Jin Wuxiang "Su Xiang San Pen" Volume IV, pointed out: "Guangdong engraver, in Shunde County, Ma Gang. All to bookplate more rich, marrying a woman often bookplate for trousseau capital." [[18]] Xianfeng "Shunde County Records" Volume III "Yiquilu - products" also recorded: "Today, Magang carving bookplate, several times the art of the forest, women and children are able to do it. Men but according to the ink engraved boundary drawing line, the remaining and female workers, so the value of cheap to go far." It is because there are convenient conditions for carving books, Xianfeng "Shunde County Records - Arts and Letters" can confidently claim: "I Shun this South China Sea away from the Ming land, has long been known as the abode of humanities. Big hand writings, outstanding can be seen, since the popular sound poetry, goblet home both uncountable, and leisurely under the forest, often false chanting to entertain themselves, so the poetry set of engraving, several equal to the South China Lanting." [[19]] The reason why Foshan has become the state of Lingnan literature, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties Foshan's publishing industry is not unrelated. If Foshan historical celebrities is the "monument" of Foshan culture, Foshan's legacy of cultural texts is the construction of this monument of "sand and stone", then carrying this monument of culture is Foshan's "land". The "ground" of Foshan is the one that carries this cultural monument. To learn from the past to know the present, Foshan today to build a historical and cultural city, in terms of research when the study of historical and cultural celebrities from the research and documentation to start, in terms of the reality of the development of the economy depends on environmental protection, transportation and cultural industries as the basis for the revitalization of