On social development and human modernization

? Modern? Is it the relationship with? The concept of traditional correspondence, Modernization? From? Traditional to? Modern? Transformation mainly refers to the internal social transformation of a country or society in the process of transforming from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society, and social development is the process of social modernization. Sociologist ingels thinks:? A country can only be called a modern country when its people are modern people, its citizens are transformed into modern personalities psychologically and behaviorally, and the staff in its modern political, economic and cultural management institutions have acquired a certain modernity that is compatible with the development of modernization? [ 1]。 It can be seen that modernization refers not only to social modernization, but also to human modernization. The key to social development lies in human modernization. Without human modernization, social modernization is impossible.

First, the relationship between social development and human modernization.

(A) the modernization of people

People's modernization can generally be understood as the transformation of people's ideas, values, spiritual realm and labor skills from traditional forms to modern forms with the development of society. Its essence is to improve people's quality and understanding as the subject of practice to the contemporary development level and realize the modernization of the subject's quality. At present, people's modernization is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the modernization of ideas, mainly the modernization of people's values and ways of thinking, behavior and lifestyle; Secondly, in the modernization of knowledge and information, modern people must have the scientific and cultural quality of the information society, open and innovative knowledge structure and information ability; Third, the modernization of social relations depends on social relations, and man is not only a means of subject development, but also a means of serving the society. However, human modernization is not innate, but mainly depends on the cultivation of the day after tomorrow, so human modernization is bound to be closely linked with social modernization.

(2) Social development and human modernization promote each other.

Social development and human modernization are two sides of a process. Society is made up of people. Without people, society will no longer have social attributes. People are people in society. Without society, people are not real people, and sociality is the essential attribute of people.

1. People's modernization is inseparable from the shaping of society. Marx thinks? Man is not an abstract creature living outside the world. Man is man's world, that is, country and society? [2]。 Man is a person in society, and the modernization of man can only be realized in the modernization of society. People's life is inseparable from the social environment, which exerts a subtle influence on people, and a good social environment is conducive to guidance and shaping. Modern people must have independent subjective consciousness and modern personality needed by modern competition. Today, with the rapid development of industrialization informationization, high social division of labor and modern management, people are bound to have modern thinking mode, broad vision, good interpersonal relationship and balanced mentality, and rational and standardized behavior in such an environment, which is not only the need of social development, but also the inevitable requirement of realizing human modernization. Man's modernization is inseparable from the shaping of society, which is gradually promoted in the process of social modernization. Traditional people? Where to? Modern people? Change by? Inevitably? Orientation? Freedom? .

2. People's modernization is the purpose and means of social development. Society is made up of people, who are the premise of social existence and the subject of social practice. Whether it is the decisive role of productive forces or the reaction of production relations, both should be realized through people. The renewal of productive forces constantly promotes social development, but social development is not a simple modernization of productive forces. Our modernization drive is to meet the people's growing material and cultural needs. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of social development is human modernization. Without this goal, social modernization will lose its real meaning.

Man is the subject of social practice, not only to explain the world, but also to transform it. Man's modernization is an indispensable means of social modernization. Ingels thinks:? Man's modernization is an important factor of national modernization. It is not a by-product of the modernization process, but a prerequisite for the long-term development and success of the modernization system and economy? [ 1]。 The development of social productive forces is the fundamental standard to measure social progress, and it is people and their science and technology that play a decisive role in productive forces. Without modern people, social development is impossible.

(C) Social development and human modernization are not synchronized

Social development and human modernization are a two-way interactive process, but this does not mean that they are directly unified. Dialectics tells us that there is a struggle for the development of everything, and there is also a struggle for social development and human modernization. Social modernization and human modernization are two contradictions in the social system, which exist and promote each other. However, due to the complexity and unpredictability of people as the main body, personal development and social modernization are inevitably exclusive and asynchronous, which affects the whole process of modernization and breeds some social problems: distorted values, alienation of people and difficulties in social adaptation. In the real society, society is progressing, but people are becoming more and more deformed one-dimensional people.

Second, the problems faced by human modernization in social development

The exclusiveness and unsynchronization of social development and human modernization make human modernization extremely embarrassing in the overall social environment. In the era of scientism and economic supremacy, values are distorted, people are constantly alienated with the development of science and technology, and personality conflicts are more intense. In the fierce competition and fast-paced life, people's social adaptation is becoming more and more difficult, and people's modernization is facing various problems.

Distorted values

The sense of value identity is weakened. Man's modernization refers not only to the modernization of knowledge and skills, but also to the modernization of values and ways of thinking. At present, China is in a period of social transformation, and various changes in interests lead people to question the unified and authoritative world outlook, values and outlook on life in the past, and the evaluation criteria are diversified, leading to the loss of traditional culture. These problems have greatly impacted people's values.

Pursue the supremacy of interests. With the development of globalization, with its developed economic advantages, the decadent ideas of the West have strongly infiltrated and eroded citizens of other countries, traditional values have been lost, value nihilism has risen, and the pursuit of material interests in the market economy has expanded. In such an environment, it is not a means to guide the purpose, but a means to replace the purpose. It is not survival that determines possession, but possession that determines survival. It is not that people are ahead of things, but things are ahead of people. People try to pursue wealth to the maximum, but they don't know why they live. [3]。 Under the aura of pursuing the supremacy of interests, human nature is distorted, personality is dissolved and values are seriously subverted.

(B) the alienation of people is more obvious

The rapid development of modern science and technology has greatly enhanced people's ability to transform the world and create wealth, and people's subjectivity has been greatly brought into play. However, in the process of social modernization, people are constantly alienated, and there is a growing trend. Marx once said:? Technology is originally created by people, and in turn becomes the power to rule people? [2]。 In modern society, man has become an appendage of the machine, and human activities revolve around the operation of the machine. It is difficult for people to see their independent personality and ability in labor. In the face of scientism, human existence is just a kind of material, goods and raw materials. Man is no longer the master of technology, but the slave of technology and becomes a professional and specialized person. People's development is more one-sided. ? The humanistic purpose of technology has been subverted, freedom has gone to the opposite side, reason has become a tool to enslave people, and people have become inhuman? [4]。 The more advanced science and technology, the more obvious the alienation of people in modern society.

(3) The more difficult it is to adapt to society.

In the information society, the rapid social changes have brought great impact on people's thinking. Housing, marriage, education, employment and other issues may make people in trouble, and the cross-flow of material desires in society makes people's personality conflicts more intense and it is more difficult to adapt to society. Under the condition of market economy in modern society, competition mechanism has been introduced into all fields of social life, and people have more opportunities to show themselves, but the cruelty of competition has also increased people's anxiety and fear, thus increasing the difficulty of social adaptation; The mobility and diversification of modern social life have brought people more opportunities for free choice, and it is precisely with these opportunities for free choice that people's psychology becomes more contradictory and social adaptation becomes more difficult.

Third, the way to realize human modernization.

(1) Educational modernization is the basic path to realize human modernization.

Man is the product of social development, and a person's quality is the result of interaction between economic development level and certain political and cultural factors. In modern society, industrialization only provides the necessary conditions for people's modernization, and the cultivation of people's modernization quality and all-round development need to be realized through the modernization of social education. Ingels's research shows that? Is there a positive correlation between a person's education level and his level of modernity? . In other words, the impact of education on human modernization is the most direct and fundamental. This is because education has great orientation and purpose, strong planning and systematicness. It not only endows people with modern scientific knowledge and life style, shapes a sound personality, but also activates self-awareness, improves self-learning and self-education abilities, and enhances social adaptability. In an increasingly competitive society, education plays an increasingly important role in human development. So? According to Deng Xiaoping, to realize the modernization of human beings, we must realize the modernization of education? Three aspects? Under the guidance of socialist ideology, we should implement the strategy of giving priority to education, do a good job in quality education and lifelong education, realize the modernization of people through educational modernization, and finally realize the modernization of the whole society? [5]。

(two) to increase the guidance of outstanding national cultural heritage.

In today's economic globalization and cultural diversification, human modernization is facing a prominent contradiction, that is, cultural conflict and distortion of values. Western developed countries rely on their strong economic and scientific strength to vigorously promote their ideology and spread the universal values, ideology and social culture of the West. Many people in China, influenced by the strength of western countries in the process of modernization, regard western culture as? The only standard with universal authority? The values are seriously misplaced. And the modernization of people is not the modernization of material wealth, nor is it? On the whole? The process of westernization is the process of developing quality modernization.

The process of modernization is the process of interaction between national culture and modern culture. As a symbol of a country and a nation, national culture embodies the values, ways of thinking and lifestyles of a country and a nation, and is the spiritual pillar and soul of a nation. In the modern society with diversified interests, the value orientation of attaching importance to reality, effectiveness and process is generally recognized, while the humanistic quality in national traditional culture is abandoned or denied. If we don't strengthen guidance, we will go astray and seriously hinder the modernization process. Therefore, we need the guidance and education of schools, use mass media to guide national culture, advocate the modern spirit of independence, innovation and enterprising and a lifestyle suitable for mass consumption, resist all kinds of ugly ideology and culture, form a good cultural soft environment, and enable people to improve their cultural literacy and consciously complete their studies. Traditional people? Have a comprehensive quality? Modern people? Change.

(C) the unity of regularity and purpose, pay attention to the construction of humanities.

Man's modernization is inseparable from the invention and application of science and technology. However, with the development of science and technology, people are increasingly alienated into slaves of technology, leading to the lack of humanistic culture and one-sided development of people. We know that the scientific answer is? Really? What is the answer to revealing the laws of nature and human culture? Nice and beautiful? It reveals the value pursuit and ultimate concern of human society. What is science and humanities? Two sides of a coin? Human nature is good and instrumental rationality will lead to greater separation of human nature. The dilemma we are facing today is caused by the lack of rectification of humanistic rationality in the development of science and technology.

In human modernization, instrumental rationality is indispensable, but value rationality is more important. In the law of social development, we should support scientific research, explore the laws of nature, explain and transform the world, and serve the survival and development of mankind, but the development of science and technology should be guided by humanities, so as to make it conducive to human modernization and unify regularity and purpose. Without the guidance of human nature, we don't know where the development of modern science and technology will take us. This is a question that we must ponder deeply. The guidance of human nature lies in construction and creation, as scholars once said? Is the humanistic understanding of science a philosophical understanding of science? . The modernization of society and the development of science and technology are inseparable from the dialectical track of philosophy and the grasp of the origin of the world, and the unity of regularity and purpose cannot be ignored. Only in this way can human modernization get rid of the shackles of technology and achieve its goals? Inevitably? Orientation? Freedom? Become a real modern person.