Enshi residents-Diaojiaolou reading answers

Gu Xiangming

① Diaojiaolou is a common residential building in Enshi. Generally built on the mountain, the community is distributed, patchwork and magnificent, which has both the symmetrical beauty formed by double cranes and the harmonious beauty integrated into the mountain environment. It is an outstanding representative of Tujia and Miao architecture and sculpture art.

② Diaojiao Building has a long history. "Old Tang Book" said: "Morale is rampant, poisonous weeds and poisonous snakes are on the mountain. People live on the first floor and climb stairs for the hedgerow." Diaojiaolou attacked the heritage of ancient "Gan Lan" buildings, most of which hung on high cliffs and steep slopes, or in river valleys. From a distance, it is more dangerous. The diaojiao building on the flat ground pays attention to exquisite design, and it is often carved with beams and painted buildings, which is antique. Therefore, the diaojiao building is either finely carved, or walks around the pavilion, or flies in the air, or hangs on the cliff, which is in harmony with the beautiful mountains and rivers.

(3) Diaojiaolou is a typical dry fence building. Its most basic feature is that the main house is built on the ground, the wing is connected with the main house except one side leaning on the ground, and the other three sides are supported by pillars. People live in the main house and wing (that is, the hanging foot part), and the lower part of the wing has columns without walls, which are used to feed livestock and pile up sundries. Generally speaking, the diaojiao building should belong to the dry fence-style building, but it is different from the general dry fence. Stilts are suspended, so they are also called semi-stilt buildings.

(4) Diaojiaolou has various architectural forms. There are the following types: single hanging type, which is the most common form, and some people call it "hanging at one end" or "key head" It is characterized in that only the wing on one side of the main room is hung, and the lower part is supported by wooden columns. Double crane, also known as "double crane" or "dustpan mouth", is the development of single crane, that is, there are hanging wings at both ends of the main room. Four-in-one-water type, which is developed on the basis of double hanging type. It is characterized in that the upper parts of the leg hanging parts of the wing rooms at both ends of the main house are connected into a whole to form a quadrilateral. The downstairs of the two wing rooms is the gate. After entering the gate, this quadrangle must climb several stone steps to enter the main house. Double-chamber crane is developed on the basis of single crane and double crane. It is an additional layer on the general hanging foot building, which is suitable for both single crane and double crane. The form of flat crane and diaojiaolou is also developed on the basis of single crane, which has both single crane and double crane. Its main feature is that it is built in a flat dam. According to the terrain, it didn't need to hang its feet, but it just lifted its wings and supported them with wooden posts. The floor of the supporting wooden column is flush with the floor of the main house, so that the wing is higher than the main house.

⑤ The construction technology of diaojiao building is high. There are many carving techniques, such as relief and hollow carving, which are exquisite and rich in connotation. Some symbolize status, some pray for good luck, some show farming, some reflect life, some educate future generations, and some record customs. Birds and beasts, flowers and birds, insects and fish, song and dance competitions, myths and legends are vivid and meaningful.

⑥ Diaojiaolou has rich cultural connotations. Besides paying attention to Long Mai and establishing a deified place between human beings and gods according to the situation, there is also a very prominent space cosmology. In a sense, hanging feet and embracing the universe have become closer and more intimate subjectively, thus making the house, people and the universe seamless. Compared with "Ganlan", it successfully got rid of primitiveness and has high cultural value, so it is called "living fossil" of Bachu culture.

⑦ Diaojiao Building, which integrates architecture, painting and sculpture, is an outstanding representative of Tujia and Miao architectural sculptures.

(According to the relevant information of Enshi News Network)

15. The research object of this paper is diaojiao building. From what aspects does the author explain?

16. The order of this article is:

17. What are the two main interpretation methods used in the fourth paragraph of this article? Please give an example of one of them (drawn with wavy lines in this paper) and explain its function.

18. What is the most basic structural feature of the diaojiao building? Draw it with wavy lines in the text.

19. Paragraph (1) says that the "generals" in diaojiao buildings are generally built on the mountain and distributed in various communities. Can you remove it? Why?

answer

15. This paper expounds the characteristics, long history, distribution, structure, types, construction technology level and cultural connotation of diaojiao building.

16. The order of life is from ancient times to the present, from phenomenon to essence, from the outside to the inside.

17. Classification and examples, "There are the following types: single crane … double crane … four-in-one crane … double crane … flat crane", which makes the description object more systematic and clear, and its characteristics more prominent.

18. "There are both symmetrical beauty formed by two cranes and harmonious beauty integrated into the mountain environment" or "Its most basic feature is that the main house is built on the ground, and the wing is connected with the main house except one side leaning on the ground, and the other three sides are suspended and supported by columns. People live in the main house and the wing (that is, the hanging foot part), and the lower part of the wing has columns without walls, which are used to feed livestock and pile up sundries.

19. No, this reflects the accuracy and scientificity of the description. By reading the original text, we can know that the horizontal lift can be built without relying on mountains.