What is the dosage form and route of administration?

1. Types and dosage forms of drugs. Customs are divided into two categories: traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. According to the source of drugs, countries all over the world often divide drugs into natural drugs and synthetic drugs. Natural medicines are mainly processed from animals, plants and minerals, such as Chinese herbal medicines. Synthetic drugs mainly refer to synthetic drugs, such as chemically synthesized sulfonamides and biosynthetic antibiotics.

There are many forms of drugs, including powder, tablet, injection, solution, drops, ointment and so on. Traditional Chinese medicines include pills, powder, ointment, Dan, soup, wine, dew and so on.

2. The route of administration. Different medication methods and the correct choice of medication routes have great influence on the drug action. The common routes of administration are as follows.

(1) oral. Most drugs play a therapeutic role in the body through oral administration and gastrointestinal absorption. Its advantages are simple, safe, economical and painless, and it is a common way of administration that is more acceptable to patients and convenient for family implementation. The disadvantage is slow onset and irregular absorption, which is not suitable for first aid.

(2) Other routes of gastrointestinal administration. ① sublingual administration. When angina pectoris occurs in patients with coronary heart disease, it contains quick-acting nitroglycerin tablets, isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine. This method takes effect quickly, is suitable for small doses of drugs, and has no irritation to oral mucosa and no bad taste. ② rectal administration. Retention enema and anal suppository are faster than oral administration and have no irritation to gastrointestinal tract.

(3) Administration by injection. Accurate dosage, rapid action and rapid excretion. Disadvantages: it requires strict aseptic operation and is inconvenient for home use. ① Intradermal injection. A method of injecting liquid medicine into dermis by syringe, such as intradermal allergy test of various drugs. ② Subcutaneous injection. Inject the liquid medicine into subcutaneous tissue with a syringe, usually under the deltoid muscle of the upper arm, and it will take effect 5 ~ 15 minutes after injection. Suitable for low dose, 1 ~ 2 ml, no irritating drugs. ③ intramuscular injection. The method of intramuscular injection of liquid medicine is that the injection site is above deltoid muscle and gluteus muscle of upper arm 1/4. Because of its thick muscle and rich blood vessels, it is easy to be absorbed, and it can take effect within 10 ~ 30 minutes after injection. It is one of the commonly used injection methods. ④ Intravenous injection and drip. A method of directly injecting or dropping liquid medicine into venous blood vessels, and the liquid medicine can take effect quickly. Mainly used for emergency rescue or drugs that cannot be administered by other means. This injection method requires strict aseptic operation. In addition, there are arterial intubation and intracavitary administration.

(4) local medication. The drug directly acts on the affected area, keeping the local drug concentration at a high level and producing local effects. Such as rubbing, spraying, gargling, wet compress, dripping (eyes, ears and nose), inhalation, fumigation, anal packing, enema, vaginal administration and bladder perfusion.

The choice of administration route is based on the principle of oral administration without injection; It can be injected without infusion. According to the function of drugs and the needs of diseases, allergic reactions and possible adverse reactions after absorption should be considered when taking drugs.

Oral administration method

How to take Chinese patent medicine

Chinese patent medicine is a kind of preservative medicine made of traditional Chinese medicine, which is convenient to take. There are pills, tablets, potions, powders, ointments, medicated wine, etc.

Take Chinese patent medicine should pay attention to:

1. Watch the dosage. There is a scientific basis for how much each medicine is taken. You can't take less and you can't take more. General drugs (except toxic drugs) can be gradually increased if the effect is not obvious and there are no adverse reactions after taking them.

2. Pay attention to the best time to take medicine every day. Nourishing drugs should be taken on an empty stomach; It should be taken after meals 15 minutes; Sedatives and alcohol should be taken half an hour before going to bed.

3. Pay attention to the law. Large pills can be chewed in your mouth and then taken with boiling water; It can also be cut into small squares and kneaded into small pills to take; Or mixing the pills with water to form a paste.

When taking granules, pour a dose of medicine into a cup, add boiling water to half a cup, and stir with a spoon until it is warm before taking. It is best to take tablets, pills and powder with warm boiled water.

Some people like to drink tea and take medicine, which is also unscientific. Because tea contains a lot of chemicals, if you take medicine with tea, the chemicals in tea will react with the pharmaceutical ingredients, thus reducing the efficacy or increasing the side effects. Therefore, it is forbidden to send tea when taking medicine. And it is best not to drink tea before and after taking the medicine. Some people prefer to take medicine with wine, so they should be treated differently. If it is a Chinese patent medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, expelling wind and removing dampness, it can be taken with wine. It is harmful to take western medicine with wine. Medical research has proved that alcohol can stimulate or inhibit an enzyme produced by human cells (mainly in the liver), which can accelerate or weaken the metabolism of drugs, affect the curative effect, hinder the health of patients and even cause serious consequences.

As for whether Chinese and western medicines can be taken at the same time, because many western medicines are mostly extracted from natural medicines at first, and their main functions are the same. Therefore, Chinese and western medicines can be taken at any time. However, some western medicines cannot be taken at the same time as traditional Chinese medicines, such as ferrous sulfate tablets for anemia; Enzyme products for treating dyspepsia, such as gastric enzyme tablets and pancreatic enzyme tablets; Antipyretic and analgesic drugs containing aspirin and aminopyrine. , such as Dangdang tablets, painkillers; There are digitalis preparations for treating heart disease, such as digoxin tablets. Because these western medicines are prone to chemical changes with saddle substances in traditional Chinese medicine, they lose their efficacy and even produce substances harmful to human body.