Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - What are the crops?

What are the crops?

Crops refer to all kinds of plants cultivated in agriculture, including food crops and cash crops (oil crops, vegetable crops, flowers, grasses and trees). Cereal crops include cereal crops, potato crops and edible beans. The main cereal crops are wheat, barley, rice, oats, rye, corn and sorghum. Potato crops mainly include sweet potato, potato and yam. The edible legume crops are mainly broad beans, peas, mung beans and adzuki beans.

I. cereal crops

1, wheat

Wheat is the general name of the genus Triticum, and the representative species is common wheat, which is a Gramineae plant. Wheat caryopsis is one of the staple foods of human beings. After grinding into flour, it can be made into steamed bread, bread, noodles, biscuits and other foods, and after fermentation, it can be made into alcohol, beer, white wine (such as vodka) or biomass fuel. The two river basins are the earliest areas for growing wheat in the world, and China is one of the earliest countries for growing wheat in the world.

2. Barley

Barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world, belonging to Gramineae and Panicum. It grows in a vast environment and has the habit of growing in spring and summer. It has many uses, such as eating, raising, brewing, medicine and so on. When the caryopsis is ripe, it sticks to the open space of the barn and does not come out. Spikes and spikelets are close, spikelets are sessile, glumes are linear-lanceolate, the outside is pubescent, and the inside is short.

3. Oats

Oats belong to the genus Panicum. Its caryopsis is light brown and its abdomen is covered with longitudinal grooves. It blooms and bears fruit from April to September. It is a worldwide cultivated crop and likes cold and dry climate. The main producers are Canadian, Russian, Australian, American, German, Finland and China. The main producing areas of oats in China are Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Qinghai and Gansu. Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet all have small areas of cultivation, of which Inner Mongolia has the largest planting area.

4. Rice

Rice, that is, rice, is a general term for rice grains such as japonica rice and glutinous rice. It is one of the important food crops for human beings. In addition to eating caryopsis, annual cultivated grains can also be used to prepare starch, vinegar, wine, sugar, oil and furfural from rice bran for industrial and medical use. Rice straw is a good feed, paper-making raw material and textile material, and rice buds and roots can be used as medicine. China's rice planting area accounts for 1/4 of the national grain crops, but the output accounts for more than half.

5.rye

Rye is an annual or perennial herb in Gramineae, with large leaves, rich nutrition, soft stems, tender grass and good palatability. It is the favorite feed for animals. After planting, it can also increase soil fertility, with strong cold tolerance, drought tolerance and lax requirements for soil. Northern Europe and North Africa are the main producing areas, and China is cultivated in the northern mountainous areas or cold areas. The caryopsis is oblong and light brown.

6.sorghum

Sorghum belongs to the genus Panicum. Sorghum likes warm and light, and has certain high temperature resistance. It is distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions all over the world and cultivated in northern and southern provinces of China. Sorghum rice is the food of Korea, China, India, the former Soviet Union and Africa. Sorghum is a C4 crop, and it needs sufficient light during the whole growing period. The suitable temperature for the whole growth period is 20-30℃.

7. Corn

Corn belongs to Gramineae, also known as corn cob, corn, maize, pearl rice, etc. It is an important food crop in the world. Native to Central and South America, widely distributed in China, the United States, Brazil and other countries. It has strong cold tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance and excellent environmental adaptability. As a high-yield food crop in China, corn is an important feed source for aquaculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture and medical care.

Second, potato crops.

1, sweet potato

Sweet potato, also known as sweet potato, is a kind of winding grass vine of Dioscorea in Dioscoreaceae. Its epidermis is light yellow and smooth, and the top branches and ends of underground tubers expand into oval tubers. It is a short-day crop that likes light, temperature, cold and drought. The planting area is the largest in Asia, followed by Africa and the third in America. Sweet potatoes are born in sparse bushes on hillsides or rock cracks along roadsides below 600 meters above sea level. Sweet potato is widely distributed in China, with Huaihai Plain, Yangtze River valley and southeast coastal provinces as the most, and Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shandong, Anhui, Guangdong and other provinces (cities) have large planting areas.

2. Chinese yam

Yam generally refers to Dioscorea (Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, Dioscorea). Its tubers are long and cylindrical, growing vertically, and distributed in Japan, North Korea and China, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Henan. Tubers are rich in starch and can be eaten by vegetables.

Step 3: potatoes

Potatoes belong to Panicum of Solanaceae, and their tubers are edible. It is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It is native to the Andes in South America, and its main producers are Russian, China, Ukrainian, Indian and American. China is the country with the largest potato output in the world. The skin of potato is white, yellow, pink, red, purple and black, and the pulp of potato is white, light yellow, yellow, black, cyan, purple and black purple.

Three. Edible legume crops

1, broad bean

Broad bean, alias Hudou and Nandou, belongs to Leguminosae and Leguminosae, and is an annual or perennial herb. Broad bean is the third largest winter edible bean crop in the world, with protein content of 25%-35%, high nutritional value and rich in minerals, sugar, vitamins, calcium, iron and so on. Broad bean is widely planted in China, which has been an important food resource and an important export resource since ancient times.

2. peas

Pea is an annual climbing herb in Leguminosae, with a height of 0.5-2 meters. It blooms from June to July and bears fruit from July to September. Pea is one of the most important cultivated crops in the world. It originated in China and Central Asia, and its seeds, tender pods and seedlings are edible. The seeds are round and turquoise, and turn yellow after drying. China is mainly distributed in the central and northeastern regions. The main producing areas are Henan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Qinghai, Jiangxi and other provinces.

3, adzuki bean

Adzuki bean is also known as adzuki bean, adzuki bean, adzuki bean, Mi Dou, five-color bean and Mi Dou. Adzuki bean has the largest area in Asia, and it is also produced in Europe, Africa and America. Adzuki bean is a traditional export commodity in China, and it is also an important crop for the adjustment of agricultural planting structure. In addition to China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Australia, Thailand, India, Myanmar, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, New Zealand, the Far East of the former Soviet Union, Zaire and Angola all have certain production areas.

4. Mung beans

Mung bean is the seed of leguminous plant mung bean, also known as adzuki bean (named for its blue-green color), cultivated bean, wild bean and so on. It originated in India and Myanmar, and is now widely planted in East Asian countries, with a small amount planted in Europe, Africa and the United States. Myanmar, China and other countries are the main exporters of mung beans. Traditional mung bean products include mung bean wine, mung bean cake, mung bean paste, mung bean cake and mung bean vermicelli.

Fourth, oil crops.

1, oilseed

Rape, also known as Brassica napus, is the seed of cruciferous crops. Rape has long pods, many pods and full seeds. Rapeseed is spherical or ovoid and consists of seed coat, embryo and endosperm residue. The chemical composition of seeds generally contains 3.9%-5.2% nitrogen, 24.6%-32.4% protein, 4. 1%-5.3% ash, 5.7%-9.6% cellulose and 37.5%-46.3% oil.

2. peanuts

Peanut is an abundant and widely eaten nut in China. Longevity fruit? 、? Mud beans? 、? Rice beans? Millet (Leguminosae), Rosaceae, with erect or creeping stems, can be used as raw materials for cosmetics such as soap and hair tonic. Mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. The pod is 2-5cm long,1-1.3cm wide, thick and swollen, and the flowering and fruiting period is from June to August.

3. Sunflowers

Sunflower belongs to the genus Helianthus in Compositae. The seed of sunflower is called sunflower seed, which is semi-drying oil and has high oil content. It tastes delicious. It's delicious. Spike, seed coat and stem can be used as feed and industrial raw materials, such as making rayon and paper pulp. Spike is also used in medicine. The main sunflower producing areas in China are mainly distributed in the provinces of north, northeast, northwest and north China of the Yellow River, such as Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Shanxi.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) vegetable crop

1, Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage is a biennial herb of Brassica in Cruciferae, with hairless whole plant, many basal leaves, large body, up to 60 cm, obovate oblong to broadly obovate, blunt tip, wrinkled edge, wavy flowers, bright yellow, oblong or ovoid sepals, erect, light green to yellow, white and flat petioles, obovate petals, and flat or rising fruit stalks. It blooms in May and bears fruit in June.

2. tomatoes

Tomato is an annual or perennial herb of Lycopersicon of Solanaceae. Tomato has a strong smell, its stems are prone to lodging, its leaves are pinnately compound or pinnately parted, its berries are oblate or nearly spherical, its flesh is juicy, its seeds are yellow, and it blooms in summer and autumn. Tomatoes can be eaten raw, cooked and processed into ketchup, juice or canned whole fruit.

3. Cucumber

Cucumber is an annual creeping or climbing herb in Cucurbitaceae, with rectangular or cylindrical fruit, yellow-green when mature, rough surface, small seeds, narrow oval, white, borderless and near the tip. It is one of the main vegetables in summer in China. It is cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses in many areas and is now widely planted in temperate and tropical regions.

Step 4: carrots

Carrot is a variety of wild carrot, belonging to the genus Carrot in Umbelliferae. Its roots are stout, oblong-conical, orange-red or yellow, leaves are long-stalked, pinnately compound, lobes are linear or lanceolate, the apex is pointed, the stem is erect, the height can reach 90 cm, and it is multi-branched, and the petiole base expands to form a leaf sheath. Compound umbel, an annual or biennial herb, usually has white and sometimes reddish flowers.