What are the top ten residential houses in China and the top ten characteristic residential houses in China?

Hakka earth building, also known as Fujian Round Building, is a pearl of Chinese civilization, a unique mythical mountain village residential building in the world, and a wonderful flower of ancient architecture in China. With its long history, unique style, huge scale and exquisite structure, it is independent of the world residential architecture art forest.

The caste social characteristics and architectural characteristics of Tulou folk houses are closely related to the history of Hakka people. Wherever Hakkas go, their surnames always live together. Besides, most Hakkas live in remote mountainous areas or dense mountainous areas. At that time, not only building materials were scarce, wolves, tigers and leopards were noisy, but also they were afraid of local people's harassment, so Hakka people created "defensive" castle-style building houses.

In this way, the unique architectural form of Hakka dwellings-tulou was formed. Tulou is mainly distributed in Longyan, Zhangzhou and other areas in Fujian Province.

Fujian tulou was formed in Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the development in the middle and early Ming Dynasty, it gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and it has continued to this day.

Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain with reasonable layout. It absorbs the concept of "Feng Shui" in China's traditional architectural planning (see Dong Bin's Modern Feng Shui Mirror), adapts to the living and defense requirements of people living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in the mountains and local raw soil, wood, pebbles and other building materials. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type with great aesthetic feeling.

2. Kaiping Diaolou:

The patchwork towers in Kaiping, Guangdong, have formed the unique rural scenery of China. The diaolou combines Chinese and western styles, blending the essence of various architectural styles. At the peak of Kaiping, there were more than 3,000 watchtowers. At present, there are more than 800 watchtowers in Kaiping 15 townships and offices. These towers are the crystallization of the initiative of overseas Chinese and villagers in Kaiping in the last century to combine foreign architectural culture with local architectural culture. With a large number, exquisite architecture and diverse styles, it can be called the largest "Diaolou Museum" in the world.

In terms of building materials, there are early mud wall buildings (rammed layer by layer with a mixture of lime sand, sugar, salt, mussel shells and oyster shells), middle blue brick buildings (thickened with ordinary blue bricks), and finally reinforced concrete buildings (built with reinforced concrete according to modern building materials).

In terms of types, it can be divided into three categories: first, the night watchman's building or lantern building, which is usually built at the head or end of the village, and some are built on the mountain for the use of vigilante and night watchman, with searchlights and alarms inside. Once the thief is found, the police will be called immediately to prepare the villagers.

The second is a multi-storey building, which is built by more than a dozen households or several households. This watchtower has 3~6 floors, and each floor has 2~4 rooms. In case of bandits or floods, every family can live in a multi-storey building to avoid disasters.

Third, residential buildings, wholly owned by overseas Chinese, are used for long-term residence. Kaiping Diaolou combines Chinese and Western styles, and the Diaolou has various shapes.

The biggest feature is to integrate different foreign architectural styles according to their own wishes and form a whole. There are not only ancient Greek and Roman styles, but also architectural elements of Gothic, Islamic, Baroque and Rococo styles. It is difficult to classify Kaiping Diaolou as a certain architectural style in a certain period abroad. These architectural elements of different styles, schools and religions complement each other in Kaiping Diaolou, showing unique artistic charm.

The defense function is fully embodied in the building structure. Narrow doors and windows, heavy steel windows and iron gates, gun holes around the top floor, watchtowers, searchlights and alarms on the roof have made great contributions to protecting the lives and property of villagers in history.

3. Wang Family Courtyard:

The Wang Family Courtyard is a master of residential buildings in Qing Dynasty. Wang Jingsheng family, one of the four families in Lingshi County in history, was founded in the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. The building is huge, with "five lanes", "five castles" and "five ancestral halls".

Among them, the courtyard layout of five ancient castles is described as "dragon", "phoenix", "turtle", "forest" and "tiger", with a total area of over 250,000 square meters. At present, there are three major buildings, namely Hongmenbao (Dragon), Gaojiaya (Phoenix), Chongningbao (Tiger) and Wangcitang, which are opened by China Folk House Art Museum, China King Museum and Liqun Art Museum respectively. There are 23/kloc-0 courtyards and 2,078 houses, covering an area of 80,000 square meters.

Wang ancestral hall is divided into upper and lower houses, with complete functions and exquisite design. There is a finely carved "Xiaoyi Square" in front of the ancestral hall. The ancestral temple is the home of the soul of Wang's ancestors. Since 1998, tens of thousands of descendants of overseas kings have come here for sightseeing and ancestor worship.

4, jstars courtyard:

Qiaojia Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qixian County, Shanxi Province, 54 kilometers north of Taiyuan and only 2 kilometers south of Dongguan Town. Also known as nave, it was the residence of Qiao Zhiyong, a famous commercial and financial capitalist in China in the Qing Dynasty. Built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt twice and expanded once. After several generations' continuous efforts, a magnificent building complex was built in the early years of the Republic of China, which reflected the unique style of northern houses in China in the Qing Dynasty.

The compound is a fully enclosed castle-like building complex, with an area of 10642 square meters (about 16 mu) and a building area of 4 175 square meters. It is divided into 6 courtyards, 20 small courtyards and 3 13 rooms. The courtyard faces the street on the third side and is not connected with the surrounding houses. The periphery is a closed brick wall, the height of which exceeds 10 meter. The upper floor is a female wall-type crib, with many floors and pavilions dotted in it, which is magnificent and magnificent.

The gate sits west facing east, with a high top floor, a doorway in the middle and a brick-carved longevity painting opposite the gate. To the inside of the gate, there is an east-west corridor paved with stones. The walls on both sides of the corridor are surrounded by protective walls. At the end of the corridor is the ancestral temple, which is a temple-like structure opposite to the gate. There are three courtyards in the north, all of which are eaves doors, hidden columns and three bays of historical cloisters. There are more than enough cars coming in and out, and there are nails and horses on the outside of the door. From east to west, it is the old courtyard, the northwest courtyard and the study courtyard in turn.

All courtyards are positive-biased, with the master of the main courtyard living, and the partial courtyard is the guest room, maid living room and kitchen. Architecturally, the side yard is relatively low and the roof structure is very different. The main courtyard is a tile eaves, and the side courtyard is a square brick roof bungalow, which not only embodies the ethical level, but also embodies the sense of hierarchy in architecture. There are four main buildings in the compound, including the gatehouse, the sentry box and six pavilions. There are walkways on the roof of every hospital, which is convenient for patrolling at night to protect the hospital.

Looking at the whole hospital, the layout is rigorous and the design is exquisite. From the top, it looks like a "hi-hi". Exquisite architecture, well-made bricks and tiles, archways and cornices inlaid with gold, and exquisite masonry and wood carving fully show the superb architectural technology level of our working people. It is praised by experts and scholars as "a bright pearl in the history of northern residential architecture", so it is praised as "the royal family has the Forbidden City, and the residential houses look after the Qiao family"

5, the imperial city xiangfu:

With a total area of 36,000 square meters, the Imperial Palace Xiangfu (national AAAA scenic spot) is the former residence of Chen Tingjing, a bachelor of Wen Yuan Pavilion in Qing Dynasty, a third-class official of the official department, the chief reader of Kangxi Dictionary and the commentator of the 35th year banquet of Kangxi.

Its buildings stand on the mountain, change with the shape, and there are many official residences, which are a group of castle-style official residences with distinctive features in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "We look at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the surrounding mountains." The Forbidden City is not only an ancient "natural landscape painting", but also an oriental castle with rich humanistic spirit.

There are 234 households with more than 680 households in Huangcheng Village, with 480 mu of cultivated land, with a total area of 1.7 square kilometers. There are abundant coal resources in the underground, and there are teachers of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, college students of Wenyuange, the chief reader of Kangxi Dictionary, and the hometown of Chen Tingjing, the official minister. Since the reform and opening up, many industries have been established, such as coal mining, light industry, agricultural and sideline products processing and tourism services. 200 1 huangcheng xiangfu was identified as one of the top ten new tourist attractions by Shanxi provincial government. At present, the Forbidden City is crowded with tourists every day.

"We look at the green trees around your village and the pale blue mountains in the distance." The towering castle is full of pheasants; Old homes and old houses are patchwork and elegant. Beautiful natural scenery and simple human scenery complement each other, which constitutes the unique charm of the imperial city.

6. Dayi Liu Manor Museum:

Built in1958+October19661October, it was announced by the State Council as the ninth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It is one of the important historical sites and representative buildings in modern China. Over the past 40 years, the museum has accumulated rich collections with rich connotations.

There are more than 20,000 existing cultural relics, large-scale and well-preserved manor buildings, a large number of physical objects and documents left by the manor, and the unique manor display, which form an organic whole. It is an important place and physical scene for understanding and studying the semi-feudal and semi-colonial socio-economic and cultural buildings in China, the history and folk customs of warlords in China and Sichuan, a microcosm of rural areas in old China, and a section of the history of social development in China.

The Western Sichuan Folk Museum and the newly opened "Miss Building" in the museum are rich in content and unique in architectural style, which are important places to understand the national conditions and folk customs of old China.

There are more than 2,700 cultural relics in the museum, including 5 pieces of first-class/kloc-0, including a set of tables and chairs inlaid with rosewood marble in Qing dynasty, in which 8 chairs are 108 cm high, 99 cm wide and 60 cm deep, with 27 colored pearls and flowers decorated with mother-of-pearl.

The old manor is an irregular polygon, surrounded by brick walls more than 6 meters high, with seven gates standing with holes on both sides; There are 27 patios, 180 houses and 3 gardens. Laoguguan was built at Liu Yu 1932, which occupied the houses and fields of 23 farmers. Whenever one or several farmers are expelled, Liu builds a wall, opens a door and builds a house. The manor is surrounded by heavy walls and alleys, heavy gates and iron locks, secret rooms and many roads. The layout is messy and weird, and the whole manor is like a dark maze building.

Husband Pavilion is the main exhibition area. The basic exhibition consists of four related parts: the pavilion, the staff compound, Liu's former residence and the large clay sculpture rent-collecting building. The new house is decorated with western Sichuan folk customs.

7. Hongcun:

The location, layout and beautiful scenery of Hongcun are directly related to water, and it is an ancient village that has been carefully planned. The planning and design of artificial water system inside and outside the village is quite exquisite and ingenious. Experts say Hongcun is "a rare ancient village with detailed planning in the world, and the human landscape and natural landscape complement each other". It is praised by Chinese and foreign architectural experts as "a pearl of China tradition" and "a living textbook for studying the history of ancient water conservancy in China".

Hongcun is known as "the village in Chinese painting", and UN experts praised it as "the unparalleled water street landscape in small towns". Because it is backed by Yangzhanling and Leigang Mountain. Among the remaining veins of Huangshan Mountain, the terrain is relatively high. Sometimes the clouds steam and glow, such as thick ink and heavy color, and sometimes it seems to be freehand brushwork. The surrounding mountains and white tiles are reflected in the lake, and people, ancient buildings and nature are integrated, like a slowly unfolding landscape painting.

Water plays an important role in Hongcun site selection. Wang in Hongcun lived in Shexian County in the late Tang Dynasty and Qishuhu Village in yi county, but they all suffered from fires. Later, Wang's family moved to the foot of Leigang Mountain. At first, the 13 building was built and named Hongcun, which means "Hong Guang is developed".

Water plays an important role in the scientific layout of villages. The whole village adopts the bionic "ox" shape layout, with Leigang Mountain as the bull's head, two ancient trees at the entrance of the village as horns, Moon Marsh as the tripe, South Lake as the tripe, Qushuikeng as the tripe, residential houses as the bull's body, and four ancient bridges as the bull's feet, which is called "Mountain as the bull's head tree and bridge as the four-hoofed house". Vivid modeling, the whole village is like a buffalo lying motionless leisurely.

8. Xidi Village:

Xidi village mostly uses black marble to build houses, two clear springs pass through the village, 99 high walls and deep alleys, and unique ancient houses, which make tourists feel like they are in a maze. At the head of the village, there are three four-column and five-story bluestone archways built in the sixth year of Wanli (AD 1578), which are magnificent and exquisite in structure, and are symbols of the prominent position of the Hu family.

There is a "Lv Fu Tang" built in the Kangxi period in the village, which is elegantly furnished and full of scholarly atmosphere. There are couplets in the class that "all books and poems are learned, and filial piety is rewarded" and "good reading, good business, good results are good, but it is difficult to start a business, so it is difficult to know", which shows the infiltration of Confucianism into architecture.

Another ancient house in the village is "Dafudi", which was built in the 30th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 169 1). "Dafu Land" is a pavilion-like building facing the street. It was originally used for sightseeing, and "People in the Peach Blossom Garden" hung on the floor. Interestingly, this building is often regarded as the "hot throwing hydrangea" of the young lady's husband in costume dramas, and now it has become the place where Xidi Village holds this folk activity.

There is also an inscription "Take a step back and think about it" under the threshold of "Happy Land", which is insignificant and intriguing. In addition, resplendent houses, exquisite gardens, black marble doorframes and leaky windows, exotic flowers and plants carved in stone, birds and animals, pavilions carved in brick, operas of characters, exquisite wood carvings, colorful paintings and murals all embody the essence of ancient China art.

Xidi is the most representative ancient residential tourist attraction in Huangshan City, located at the southern foot of Huangshan Mountain, 54 kilometers away from Tunxi, only 40 kilometers away from Huangshan Scenic Area and 8 kilometers away from yi county County. The village is 700 meters long from east to west and 300 meters wide from north to south, with more than 300 households and a population of 1000. Because there is water flowing west by the village, and because there is a post station to deliver mail in ancient times, it is named "Xidi" and is known as "the family in the Peach Blossom Garden".

9. Chiang's Manor:

Jiang's Manor is located in Qiaohecha Township, southeast of Mizhi County 16 km, and was built during the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty.

Jiang's manor was designed by Jiang Yaozu, the richest man in the village, who invited experts from Beijing and recruited skilled craftsmen in the county. It took thirteen years before and after. Jiang's manor is ingenious in design, fine in construction, compact in layout and integrated from top to bottom. It is a rare manor building in northern Shaanxi, with strict accident prevention and intercommunication in the hospital.

The manor covers an area of more than 40 mu, and the main building is the most upscale cave courtyard in Shaanxi. The three courtyards of the manor are connected by secret passages, surrounded by towering walls, interconnected internally and closely guarded externally. The whole building has wonderful design, exquisite workmanship, reasonable layout and seamless integration. It is the largest castle cave manor in China and one of the treasures of Han architecture.

The whole manor is divided into three parts from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain: the first floor is the lower house, the front is the 9.5-meter-high stockade wall, and the top is the female wall, like a city wall. Cross the tunnel door along the southwest side of the first floor and reach the second floor, which is the Intermediate People's Court. In the southwest of the courtyard, there stands a stockade wall about 8 meters high and about 10 meters long, which encloses the manor, leaving a doorway leading to the back hill and a gatehouse in the middle.

Stepping along the stone steps to the upper courtyard of the third floor is the main residence of the whole building. There is a five-hole stone kiln in front and a line in the back, with symmetrical double courtyards on both sides, arched doorways at the east and west ends, toilets in the west and academies in the east. There is a city village behind the whole champion, and the gate of the city village leads to the back hill.

10, Kang Million Manor:

Kang Million Manor is located in Kangdian Town, gongyi city, 3 kilometers away from the urban area. It was built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Because it is backed by Mangshan Mountain and facing Luoshui, it has the reputation of "golden turtle exploring the water".

1963 was designated as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, and 200 1 year was designated as a national-level cultural relics protection unit. It is one of the three major manors in China (Liu and Mouerhei), which is 19 times larger than the Qiao Family Courtyard in Shanxi. In 2005, it was awarded the national AAAA tourist attraction.

The so-called "Kang Million" was called "Millionaire" because Kang Yingkui, the owner of the manor at that time, hung up the golden signboard of "fertile land and thousands of hectares" twice, and the land shops were spread all over eight counties in Shandong, Shaanxi and Henan provinces.

Later, Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an and returned to Beijing, passing through Kangdian. The Kang family paid money to supervise the construction of Heishiguan, the county government and the "Longyao" at a cost of 1 20,000 silver, and donated silver 1 20,000 silver to Qingyan. Cixi said she didn't know there was another Kang millionaire here. Since then, the seal of "Kang Million" has spread widely.

Kang Million Manor is built on the street, with caves on the cliff, villages around it and docks on the river. It is a combination of agricultural, political and commercial styles, with rigorous layout and large scale. With a total construction area of 64,300 square meters, there are 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, 1300 houses and 73 caves.

It is divided into more than ten parts, such as the main residential area on the village, the residential area under the village, the south yard, the ancestral hall area, the workshop area, the vegetable garden, the Longwogou, the Jinguzhai, the garden and the board house area. Siheyuan is basically a typical two-way quadrangle in western Henan, which has some characteristics of gardens and government. All kinds of brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings are gorgeous and elegant, which are the representatives of feudal fortress buildings on the Loess Plateau in northern China.

Kang Million Manor provides us with the historical data of the wealth of real estate class in poor feudal society, and also provides us with the physical data of ancient buildings. Its brick carving, wood carving and stone carving art are favored by friends from all walks of life.