This paper briefly analyzes several main spatial distribution modes of tourism resources development and planning.

Nature and human society can attract tourists, develop and utilize tourism, and generate economic, social and environmental benefits.

2, tourism resources monomer

A single individual can be regarded as the basic type of tourism resources for independent viewing or utilization, including "independent tourism resources monomer" and "aggregated tourism resources monomer" composed of similar independent monomers.

3. Tourism resources development

In order to play and enhance the attraction of tourism resources to tourists, the potential advantages of tourism resources will be transformed into realistic economic benefits, and a technical and economic behavior of tourism activities will be realized.

4. The regional differentiation of tourism resources.

It refers to the regular phenomenon that tourism resources (including natural tourism resources and humanistic tourism resources) are XOR distributed along a certain direction on the earth's surface, indicating the spatial distribution difference of tourism resources.

5. Non-inverse principle

Whether it is natural tourism resources or humanistic tourism resources, its formation process is irreversible, and once it is destroyed, it is difficult to restore its original state.

6. The laws of the moon and stars

In a certain area, the attraction of tourism is mainly determined by the most specific color, the most ornamental and entertainment value or the most historical, cultural, scientific and artistic value of tourism resources. This law is called the law of the highest factor limit or the law of the stars and the moon.

7. Lin Deman Law

When the energy moves along the trophic level, it gradually decreases, and the latter trophic level can only be about110 of the energy of the previous trophic level. This law is called "one tenth law" or "Lin Deman law".

8. Evaluation of tourism resources

From the perspective of rational development, utilization and protection of tourism resources and maximization of social benefits, on the basis of tourism resources investigation, the process and conclusion of in-depth analysis and research on social and economic conditions with certain tourism resources value characteristics, environmental atmosphere and development and utilization basis in a certain region are made by using certain methods.

9. Stage

With tourism as the stage, under the influence of economic relations, members of the tourism theme fully communicate with each other, thus giving the tourism destination a "story", so that members can use the tourism destination as a prop and carrier and get benefits outside the economic relations.

10, the materialization of culture

It is to show the part of the tourism market's understanding of tourism destinations that has not been shown in concrete form in the form of material.

1 1, carrying capacity of tourism resources

On the premise of ensuring the certain ecological function of the tourism environment system and the national history and culture will not disappear, the supportable tourism scale and the acceptable tourist population limit will be determined through scientific allocation measures.

12, direct market method

A method that can directly use the market price to measure the observable and measurable changes in the value of tourism resources.

13, alternative market method

When there is no market price to measure the tourism resources studied directly, we can find the market price of substitutes to measure them.

14, false market method

When it is difficult to find an alternative market, the method of artificially creating an imaginary market to measure the value of tourism resources is called the imaginary market method.

15, original scene

It is a general summary of people's living environment before adulthood, which affects tourists' choice of tourist destinations.

16. Three characteristics of tourism resources.

1) includes both natural creation and social creation, and its existence is objective;

2) It is directly related to tourists, can stimulate tourists' travel motivation, is the object of tourists' travel activities, and can meet the specific needs of tourists;

3) It is directly related to the tourism industry, which can be exploited and utilized by the tourism industry and produce certain benefits.

17. Briefly describe the main categories of tourism resources in GB/T 18972-2003 Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources.

It can be divided into eight categories: landscape, waterscape, biological landscape, astronomical climate landscape, ruins, buildings and facilities, tourist commodities and human activities.

18, principles of tourism resources classification

1) principle of similarity and difference;

2) correspondence principle;

3) The principle of subordination.

19, tourism resources classification steps

1) On the basis of collecting a large number of tourism resources, determine the purpose and requirements of tourism resources classification;

2) Through comparative analysis, establish a preliminary classification system, and divide all kinds of tourism resources into different types;

3) Improve the classification system through supplement and adjustment;

4) On the basis of the above work, write a classification description.

20. Landscape characteristics of humanistic tourism resources

1) outstanding artificiality

2) Significant times.

3) Rich culture

2 1, the basic characteristics of ancient architecture in China.

1) Frame structure with wood frame as the main structure;

2) Beautiful and soft contour modeling;

3) Neat and flexible courtyard layout;

4) Rich and gorgeous architectural decoration;

5) Environmental art of harmony between man and nature.

22. Briefly describe the principles and techniques of landscape architecture.

The principle of landscape construction is:

1) is natural.

2) Pay attention to twists and turns

3) Specializing in characteristics

Landscaping techniques include:

Borrowing scenery, framing scenery, suppressing scenery, reversing scenery and losing scenery.

23, the main characteristics of cultural activities tourism resources.

1) immateriality;

2) national culture;

3) regionality;

4) diversity;

5) experience.

24, the significance of tourism resources survey.

1) is helpful to grasp the present situation of resource occurrence;

2) It is beneficial to define the direction of resource development;

3) Conducive to the scientific protection of resources;

4) It is beneficial to the sustainable development of tourism.

25, the formation of tourism resources census results.

1) tourism resources survey table;

(2) Report on the general survey of tourism resources;

3) Tourism resource information inquiry system;

4) Relevant maps, etc.

26. What are the "cross" policy and the "five-fixed" principle in the general survey of tourism resources?

The "horizontal" policy refers to scientific, objective, accurate, quantitative and concise;

The principle of "five definitions" stipulates positioning, qualitative, quantitative, grading and fixation.

27, the purpose and principle of tourism resources evaluation.

Purpose of evaluation:

1) Define the quality of tourism resources;

2) Determine the nature of the tourist destination;

3) Provide scientific basis for development and utilization;

4) Reflect the evolution and development of tourism resources.

Evaluation principle:

1) integrated system principle;

2) the principle of dynamic development;

3) objective and practical principles;

4) the principle of comprehensive benefit;

5) The principle of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis.

28. What are the contents of tourism resources evaluation in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources (GB/T 18972-2003)?

1) The use value of ornamental recreation;

2) rarity and strangeness;

3) scale, abundance and probability;

4) Integrity;

5) popularity and influence;

6) Amusement period or scope of use;

7) Environmental protection and environmental safety.

29. Briefly describe the "336" evaluation method.

Namely "three values", "three benefits" and "six conditions".

Three values refer to historical and cultural value, artistic appreciation value and scientific research value;

Three benefits refer to economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits;

The six conditions refer to geographical location and traffic conditions, tourism resource types and regional combination conditions, tourism resource capacity conditions, tourism market conditions, tourism development investment conditions and construction difficulties.

30, the steps of tourism resources classification

1) On the basis of collecting a large number of tourism resources, determine the purpose and requirements of tourism resources classification;

2) Through comparative analysis, establish a preliminary classification system, and divide all kinds of tourism resources into different types;

3) Improve the classification system through supplement and adjustment;

4) On the basis of the above work, write a classification description.

3 1. What are the main characteristics of tourist commodities? What should we pay attention to when developing tourism resources according to each characteristic?

1) relative mobility. On the one hand, food tourism and shopping tourism still exist, on the other hand, food and tourist souvenirs are becoming more and more similar all over the country. Therefore, from the perspective of developing tourism commodities, we should consciously limit the flow of tourism commodities to maintain their regional characteristics.

2) regionality. Commodities without regionality are not monopolistic and are easily eliminated by the market. Therefore, in the process of tourism commodity development, we must rely on the natural historical and cultural characteristics of the region to develop tourism commodities with strong monopoly and outstanding regional characteristics.

3) Reproducibility. Related tourism development is not limited by the capacity of tourism resources, but by the scale of tourism market development. Therefore, as a mature tourist destination, we should attach importance to the development of tourist commodities, increase the proportion of shopping and catering in tourists' consumption, and open up new ways for the growth of local tourism income.

32. Try to talk about the development mode of tourism resources from the scale of tourist destinations.

According to the development scale, the function of the development object and the development organization form, the division of development types is different. Judging from the scale of tourist destinations, it can be divided into cross-regional development, regional development and small regional development, and even product development.

1) Cross-regional development involves a huge space and should be carried out under the leadership of high-level governments and with the cooperation of different regional governments. In order to avoid major mistakes, it is necessary to carry out planning research and adjust planning in the development process.

2) Regional development refers to municipal development. Because the management organization is unique and can well reflect the administrative will, regional development is under the guidance and control of the government. According to the combination of tourism resources, location conditions and regional economic background, the direction of regional tourism development is judged.

3) Small regional development refers to the development at the village level. Determine the development direction, pay attention to the differentiated development with surrounding villages and towns, and advocate differentiated competition. The space involved in the development of small regions is limited, and the scale of development funds is not high, so the local areas can develop independently. The success of development depends largely on the wishes and ideas of developers.

33. Please describe the main points of the development of geological and geomorphological tourism resources.

1) Develop geoscience tourism.

This kind of resources has a very prominent scientific significance, so it has an important scientific education function.

2) Carry out sightseeing tours

First, it is necessary to maintain the original geological characteristics and avoid artificial modification and transformation as much as possible;

Second, it is necessary to provide convenient supporting services for tourists to meet their various tourism needs;

Third, we should pay attention to protecting resources and the environment.

3) Carry out sports and fitness tourism

By taking advantage of the ups and downs of the earth's surface and other necessary natural elements, tourists can achieve the purpose of keeping fit through their own exercise.

Pay attention to the selection and design of the route, and at the same time eliminate all kinds of dangerous factors as much as possible to ensure the personal safety of tourists to the greatest extent.

4) Carry out recuperation and holiday tourism.

In some areas with peculiar and beautiful geological landscape and good coordination with other natural elements, sanatoriums or resorts can be built.

5) Give play to the background role of geology and geomorphology in scenic spots.

Although some scenic spots are not dominated by geology and geomorphology, they are inseparable from the foundation of geology and geomorphology, so how to give full play to the role of geology and geomorphology is an important skill in the development of tourism resources.

34. On the key points of the development of tourism resources in the ruins.

1) Analyze the whole picture and connotation of the site, and choose the specific object for development.

We should analyze the whole picture and connotation of the site according to the archaeological excavation and its scientific research results.

As far as a certain area is concerned, it is necessary to grasp the distribution, types, characteristics, reserves and corresponding connections and differences of sites from a macro perspective; Select key sites from the micro, and find out their age, types, cultural attributes, cultural relics and historical and scientific values, so as to provide a basis for selecting specific development targets.

2) Determine development goals and develop according to local conditions.

A self-contained series of site development: establishing a comprehensive tourist area at the site.

B. develop small-scale independent sites: special museums can be established. There are also some independent sites with great value and outstanding characteristics, but they do not yet have the conditions for independent development. They pay attention to protection, set up signs for its value and scope, and incorporate it into the tourism products in this area as a tourist spot.

C develop similar sites widely distributed: open up tourist routes and develop characteristic tourism products. For example, the tourist routes of the three countries.

D. the development of ancient sites of historical and cultural cities should be included in the overall construction plan of famous cities. There are two kinds of development of famous historical and cultural cities: reappearance and display.

E. Development of revolutionary military sites: focusing on domestic tourists, focusing on educating people, especially young people, on revolutionary traditions and patriotism, implementing the policy of entertaining through education, and developing in different ways according to specific targets.

3) The development of the site should be integrated into the experience of tourists.

For example, the Jiaozhuanghu tunnel warfare site in Shunyi District, Beijing will implement a new protection plan and build a national-level patriotic education comprehensive activity area with the theme of showing the history and culture of tunnel warfare revolution and integrating comprehensive visits, experience activities and leisure tourism. Visitors can watch exhibitions here and learn about the history of tunnel warfare; Drill tunnels, visit anti-Japanese houses, eat anti-Japanese meals, watch anti-Japanese movies, and even fight a "tunnel war" in person to truly experience the fighting life during the Anti-Japanese War.