Guangdong Music Detailed Information

Located in the southwestern part of the Pearl River Delta, Taishan City is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. The "Banyin Ban" of Taishan City is one of the forms of Guangdong music activities, with unique local colors and a long history. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Banyin Ban mainly played Buddhist music and folk tunes. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Banyin Ban changed, combining music performance with opera singing, and gradually matured, and after 1949, Guangdong music activities in Taishan City were incorporated into the scope of cultural rooms in urban and rural areas, and became the activities of cultural rooms. There are more than one hundred and twenty Cantonese music activity organizations in the city, spreading across both urban and rural areas.

At the beginning, there were only two strings, fiddle, three strings, moon zither, horizontal xiao, commonly known as the "five racks of head", and their performance occasions were more extensive, or for the theater performance of the mat, or in the teahouse, restaurant by the vagabond performers, or for weddings and funerals to help, or for the people's self-entertainment. A large number of Cantonese musicians wrote and composed their own music, and have accumulated hundreds of repertoires. Such as "dry sky thunder", "rain beat banana", "double hate", "step by step", "hungry horse shaking bells", "chain buckle", "dragon race for gold", "Pinghu Autumn Moon", "peacock screen", "Entertainment Pingping" and so on.

Guangdong music is mainly circulated in the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province, and was gradually formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on the basis of the local folk "eight tones" and the accompanying songs of Cantonese opera. Regular instrumental music includes the yuehu, qin, pipa, yangqin, dongxiao, pipe, sheng, wooden fish and bells.

On May 20, 2006, Guangdong music was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Basic introduction Chinese name ：Guangdong music Approval time ：2006 Intangible heritage level ：National level Declared area ：Guangzhou City, Taishan City, Guangdong Province Category of heritage ：Traditional music Heritage No.：III-49 Historical origin, Artistic characteristics, Local instrumental music, Combined instruments, Title music, Early works, Representative works, Significance of inheritance, Historical origin Guangdong music originated in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, was shaped in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and then became the most popular music in China. Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and flourished in the Republic of China period. It has a wide range of contents, including Cantonese Opera and Teochew music, Xiaoqu and local folk songs, etc. Nowadays, it is exclusively referred to as silk and bamboo music. Guangdong music is a kind of music with distinctive local colors and unique styles, produced and circulated in the Pearl River Delta area of Guangdong, with a wide range of contents, including Cantonese Opera and Teochew music, Xiaoqu and local folk songs and operas, etc., and our Guangdong music refers exclusively to Silk and Bamboo music (Xiaoqu). In modern times, Cantonese Xiaoqu was so popular that it was played for the accompaniment of opera, street performances and weddings and funerals, and the music played by this kind of orchestra was also called "Banyin", "Street Music", "Zatang Music", "Bajin" and "Bajin". The music played by such bands is also called "eight notes", "street music", and "zatang music. The sound color of Cantonese music is clear, bright and gorgeous; the melodic style is colorful, jumping and lively; and the structure of the music is mostly short and single sketches, with few large-scale suites. Before 1921 was the formative period of Cantonese music, which was first formed in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period (the beginning of the 20th century), and developed rapidly, soon becoming popular throughout the country, and was also prevalent in Hong Kong, Macao, and Southeast Asian countries where overseas Chinese lived. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, in Guangzhou City and the Pearl River Delta area popularized a lot of "over the field" - "also known as the word Bao, that is, the silk string band when there is no song, the strings together to get the sheet music also", "Cantonese music was developed on the basis of these folk tunes. The musical instruments used in this period included the two-stringed fiddle (not the Western fiddle, but a Chinese instrument with the same shape as the Panhu, which appeared in the Ming Dynasty), the three-stringed fiddle, the Yueqin, and the flute (or the xiao), commonly known as the "five-stringed fiddle", or the "hard bow". Early music, notes scattered, the rhythm is also a lack of change, in the long-term development, and gradually formed new features, in the tune of a variety of decorative tone type, called "plus flower", the tone is crisp and bright, smooth and beautiful melody, lively and cheerful rhythm. The music of this period was a collective creation handed down by the folk, and at the beginning of the twentieth century, there appeared Yan Gongshang, a representative figure of Cantonese music, whose representative repertoire during this period included Dry Heavenly Thunder, Lianhuan Buckle, Inverted Curtains, Three Pools and the Printing Moon, Hungry Horses Shaking Bells, Little Peach Blossom, Autumn and Moon at the Han Palace, Hate in Two Voices, and Rain Hits the Plantain, etc. The music of this period was written by Guangdong people, and was characterized by a variety of decorative patterns added to the tunes, called "Gahua". Artistic Characteristics There are scores without lyrics written by Cantonese, including ethnic music of the Pearl River Delta, Han music and Chaozhou music. Purely instrumental, with the characteristic flavor of Lingnan, also known as Cantonese music. A combination of Chinese and Western ancient and modern music, with a self-contained style. Openness and compatibility. Bright melody, fast rhythm, unique structure. Local Instrumental Music Guangdong music is a variety of instrumental music produced in the Guangzhou dialect area, originating in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta area at the beginning of this century, and enjoying a good reputation and a large number of listeners both at home and abroad, among which there is the "Bu Bu Gao", which is often heard, and there is a section of the background music played during the entrance ceremony of the national teams of the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics in 2008 which is the cheerful and nice "Bu Bu Bu Gao". In the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, there was a part of the background music played by the cheerful and good-sounding "Bu Bu Bu Gao", as well as the CCTV's annual program "Chinese New Year Seven Days of Fun" and other programs also use it as the background music. It is a local folk music based on Guangdong folk tunes and certain Cantonese Opera music and songs, absorbing the nutrients from ancient China, especially the folk music of the Jiangnan region, and has been perfected and developed after nearly 300 years of incubation. Combination of instruments There are five main forms of combination of instruments in Guangdong music: hard bow combination: two strings, violin (big Panhu), three strings, moon zither and throat (or cross pipes), they will form a five-frame head. Soft bow combinations: gaohu, yangqin, pipa (or qin), dongxiao, and yehu (or erhu). Combinations developed from local musical accompaniments: dongxiao, yanhu, pipa (guzheng or qinqin). Blowing and beating music combination: large and small suona as the main player, with gongs and drums and other percussion instruments, or add other stringed instruments. Western instrument combination: violin, saxophone, electric guitar, xylophone, etc. as the core, often used to play music similar to light music and dance music. Title music Cantonese music is a kind of title music, structured to keep things simple. It is rich in instrumental music and a wide range of sounds, as well as rich and varied methods of expression, writing scenes, expressing emotions and objects, thus it is rich in local color and has a special artistic charm. Guangdong music is good at depicting the small scenes of life, and pays attention to the traditional life interest. To appreciate it, one does not necessarily need to find major themes of social life in it, but the depiction of natural scenery often brings entertaining feelings. Early Works During the 30 years between the early 1920s and the liberation, Guangdong music composed more than 300 pieces, of which more than 50 have been circulated both at home and abroad. The main works include "Thunder in the Dry Sky", "The Inverted Curtain", "Rain Beating on the Banana", "Race the Dragon for the Brocade", "Hungry Horse Rattles the Bells", "Autumn Moon on the Pinghu Lake", "Stepping Higher and Higher", "Bird Throwing into the Woods", and "Bells of Zen Courtyard", etc. After the liberation, Guangdong music had a long history. After the liberation, Guangdong music had a great development, and many outstanding composers and performers emerged, creating a large number of new works. Among them, such as "Fish Swimming in Spring Water", "Testing Horses in the Spring Countryside", "Early Spring in the Hill Country", and "Happiness in the Sickle", etc. were also widely popular. They were also widely circulated. From the 1920s to the 1930s, Guangdong music flourished, with the emergence of professional composers and performers such as Lv Wencheng and He Liutang, and the development of the original "hard-bow" orchestra into the "soft-bow. Since the 1950s, Guangdong music has continued to develop. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the boom period of Guangdong music was characterized by the emergence of many professional composers and performers, such as He Liutang, Lv Wencheng, Yi Jianquan, Yin Zizhong, and so on. Around 1926, influenced by the Jiangnan silk and bamboo, Lv Wencheng introduced the erhu into Hong Kong and Macao, and switched to the use of steel wire strings, moving the strings higher and setting them higher and higher to become the Cantonese hu (also known as gaohu), which has a clear and bright sound. The "Three Pieces of Head", also known as the "Soft Bow", was added to the "Yangqin" and "Qinqin", and the "Gaohu" was used as the main playing instrument. Later, on the basis of the "three pieces of head", the band was expanded by the addition of bamboo and silk instruments such as dongxiao, flute and coconut hu, and the band was finalized around 1930. Representative pieces include He Liutang's "Race Dragon for the Crown", "Bird Scare", "Drunken Master Fishing for the Moon" and "Seven Stars with the Moon"; Lv Wencheng's "Step by Step", "Autumn Moon on the Pinghu Lake", "Wake Up the Lions", "Gisan Phoenix" and "Reef Singing"; Yin Zizhong's "Heroes of Huahu" and Yi Jianquan's "Bird Throwing into the Woods", and so on. During the Anti-Japanese War period, Guangdong music was at a low ebb for a while, and some vulgar works appeared, such as He Dafu's Sweet Sister and He and Nian's Whispers. Since the 1950s, Cantonese music has developed greatly. Musicians have collected and organized Cantonese music and conducted research and reforms on the harmony and orchestration of Cantonese music, published a lot of sheet music, and composed and performed a large number of excellent pieces, such as Chen Deju's Spring Countryside Horse Trials, Lin Yun's Spring to the Fields, Liu Tianyi's Fish Swimming in Spring Water, and Qiao Fei's Spring Early Morning in the Mountain Countryside. Lv Wencheng The instruments used in Cantonese music today are the gaohu, yangqin, qin, dongxiao, da ruan, zhonghu, etc. The gaohu is the dominant instrument, and the "slippery finger" is the most characteristic performance technique of Cantonese music, which is divided into the "small nick", "big nick", "big nick", and "small nick". Among them, "finger sliding" is the most characteristic performance method of Cantonese music, which is divided into "small nick", "big nick", "small note", "big note", "back slide", etc. The main string styles are The main string styles are the Heshaku Tune (set at 52), the Shangliu Tune (set at 15), the B Anti Tune (set at 37), the Shi Gong Tune (set at 63), and the Gong B Tune (set at 37), and different string styles express different moods. The representative work "Raining Bananas" is one of the early outstanding pieces. It is one of the best early pieces of music. With a smooth and bright melody, it expresses the pleasant mood of life in the south of the country. The tune uses the techniques of staccato and florid to describe the sound of rain on the plantain, the swaying of the plantain in the rain, and the joy of the people when the rain falls on them during the drought. Hungry Horses Shaking Bells" was originally composed for pipa, but was later changed to strings. The piece is characterized by unstable rhythms and varied patterns such as staccato, highlighting the use of the si and fa tones, which exquisitely portray the image of a hungry horse shaking a bell. The Autumn Moon on the Pinghu Lake" is a masterpiece of Lv Wencheng, a famous Guangdong musician, who traveled to Hangzhou in the golden autumn and composed the piece out of a deep feeling. The piece expresses the author's feelings about the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, and the tune adopts the folk music of Zhejiang as well as the style of Guangdong music, making it one of the most outstanding melodies in Chinese instrumental music. Step by Step" is a representative work of Lv Wencheng, a famous Cantonese musician. The music score is from "Music Score for Strings" written by Shen Yunsheng in 1938, and it is a characteristic piece of famous Cantonese music, which was already very popular at that time. The melody is light and exciting, with layers and layers of rhythm, and the waves of sound are stacked up and down, one after the other, the music is full of motivation, giving people a positive meaning to strive for progress. "Step by Step" Record Packaging Dragon and Phoenix Dance, the long dragons playing with dragon lanterns in folk festivals, have become the call of the Chinese people for new weather. The dragon and phoenix symbolize the good things in the minds of the Chinese people. The theme tune of the piece is in syncopated rhythm, with strong propulsive, staccato, as the dancer's gait, moving forward and backward, tossing and turning. The refreshing tone of the small gong, the sound of the suona, and the neat rhythm of the plucked instruments **** together create a joyful atmosphere. Han Palace Autumn Moon" (also known as "Three Pools and the Moon"), a traditional Chinese instrumental work, there are many in the long-term circulation and adaptation, and the original name of the song is far from the original. The "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace" was originally a mournful piece, but the "Three Pools and the Printing Moon" has swept away all the feelings of mourning. On the melodic backbone of the original Beiqiu, the subtle decorative splendor of the Cantonese music language is added in large quantities, thus changing the rigidity and longevity of the Beiqiu into the delicacy and lightness of the Cantonese music. Significance of inheritance Cantonese music is a traditional Chinese silk and bamboo music popular in the Pearl River Delta and Guangfu dialect area centered on Guangzhou, and is a treasure of Lingnan folk traditional culture. It is a treasure of Lingnan folk traditional culture. It is widely loved and welcomed for its light, soft, florid, fine and thick style and its fresh, smooth, melodious and melodious Lingnan characteristics, and has been popular all over China and the rest of the world. Guangdong music has a history of more than four hundred years. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guangdong music has gone through a period of emergence, development and maturity. There are more than 500 pieces of music with names and scores available. Guangdong music has openly selected and absorbed the beneficial components of foreign music culture and other domestic folk arts, and transformed them to be used for our own purposes, forming a unique variety of folk music with a group of outstanding composers, performers, and representative musical instruments and their combinations, which has been praised as "transparent music" by foreign countries because of its clear and bright tone, smooth and beautiful tunes, and clear and bright rhythm. Because of its crisp and bright tone, smooth and beautiful tunes, and clear and fast rhythm, it is known abroad as "transparent music", and its influence at home and abroad far exceeds that of other folk music forms in China. The 1920s and 1930s were the heyday of Cantonese music, a time when new works were constantly emerging, and when there was an abundance of talent. From compositional techniques to performance techniques, popular repertoire, the use of colorful instruments and their combination forms, all gradually infiltrated into the mainland of China, and there were different forms of Cantonese music associations in many provinces, cities and regions of the country, and at least there were also recordings and recordings of Cantonese music, which used to be known as "national music". Guangdong music has undoubtedly played a positive and important role in the development of modern times. Guangdong music, together with Cantonese opera and the Lingnan School of Painting, is regarded as one of the three artistic treasures of Lingnan, and one of the three business cards of Guangdong. Overseas, wherever there are Chinese people, there is Cantonese music. Cantonese music is known as their hometown accent, which is like an emotional link between overseas Chinese and their hometowns, and plays an important role for overseas Chinese to absorb Chinese cultural traditions and learn about history and civilization. Guangdong music has a deep cultural heritage and rich connotation. After centuries of inheritance and development, it has formed its own system and unique style, and is y rooted in the folklore of Lingnan. This outstanding traditional cultural treasure is now in urgent need of protection and support. As an outstanding representative of Lingnan culture, Guangdong music has a deep cultural heritage and rich connotations, and after centuries of inheritance and development, it has formed its own system and unique style, and is y rooted in Lingnan folklore. This outstanding traditional cultural treasure is now facing the problem of inheritance and development, and the protection and support work needs to be strengthened urgently. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, on May 20, 2006, the State Council approved the inclusion of Guangdong music in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.