Analysis of investment environment of dairy products

2. Background and significance of project construction

Dairy industry is the most modern and multifunctional industry in agriculture, which needs a high degree of coordination. Foreign development experience shows that the most important manifestation of agricultural industrialization is animal husbandry industrialization, and animal husbandry industrialization is dairy industrialization. In agricultural industrialization, dairy industrialization is the most representative.

2. 1 international dairy industry

Developed countries regard the development level of dairy industry as an important symbol of the development level of modern agriculture, especially animal husbandry. All countries with developed animal husbandry have developed dairy industry. In 2000, the average proportion of world dairy industry in total agricultural output value was about 20%, while that of China was only 3%. The dairy industry in Europe, America and Oceania has a long history of development and a high level of productivity, which plays an important role in the national economy.

The production and consumption of milk in the world are mainly concentrated in developed countries in Europe, North America and Oceania. As the raw material of food and food processing industry, milk is of great significance to people's life and economic development in many countries. More than half of the global milk production is produced in developed countries in Europe and America. From the perspective of per capita ownership, there are great differences in different regions of the world. The country with the highest per capita milk production is New Zealand (the per capita milk production in 2000 was 3 180kg), followed by Australia (584kg), North America (3 12kg) and Europe (284kg), and the lowest area is Asia. In recent years, the dairy industry in Asian countries has developed rapidly.

In recent years, developing countries, especially Asian countries, have also taken the development of dairy industry as an important measure to improve the national nutrition level and quality and promote economic development, among which India's dairy industry has developed rapidly. At present, India has become a major milk producer in the world, with per capita milk consumption of 100 kg. China also put forward the slogan "A glass of milk makes a nation strong".

With the development of dairy industry, dairy production has gradually changed from increasing the number of dairy cows to improving the quality of dairy cows. Since 1970s, developed countries have implemented the strategy of reducing the number of dairy cows and increasing the unit yield of dairy cows, so as to maintain the steady growth of milk production. Due to the low productivity of dairy cows in developing countries, the dairy industry has been mainly engaged in extensive management for many years, and the growth of milk production depends on the increase of the number of dairy cows. Indian and China and other Asian dairy countries have gradually attached importance to the intensive management of dairy industry. While the number of dairy cows increases, it emphasizes the continuous improvement of unit yield of dairy cows.

With the development of dairy industry, the integration of dairy products is getting higher and higher. In the Netherlands, 65,438+03 of the 22 dairy plants are integrated production, processing and marketing cooperatives, including the three largest processing plants that supply 80% of the country's milk and its products. In addition, the United States, Japan, India and other countries with rapid dairy development have a very high degree of integration of production, processing and sales.

2.2 Status of domestic dairy industry

Geographically, the main dairy farming bases in the world are concentrated between 45 degrees north latitude and 45 degrees south latitude. Between this latitude, due to its natural climate advantages, grassland resources are rich, suitable for raising cows. At 45 degrees north latitude, Europe and Canada are the places where dairy farming is concentrated. There are New Zealand and Australia at 45 degrees south latitude, both of which are big dairy farming countries. In China, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Gansu are all located between 45 degrees north latitude, which are the advantageous regional industrial belts of China dairy industry.

The output of dairy products in China has increased rapidly. Since 1999, the growth rate of milk in China has increased year by year, which is still far from meeting the demand. Need to increase imports to supplement. According to statistics, in 2003, there were 8.932 million improved cows in China, an increase of 102% compared with 1999, and the total milk output was184.86 million tons (including milk174.63 million tons), an increase of 34% over the previous year. In terms of dairy product processing, the national dairy product output in 2003 was1404,500 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 15.2%. The per capita possession of dairy products rose to 14.4 kg.

While the domestic output has increased substantially, the number of dairy products imported from abroad has also increased substantially. From June to May 2003, the import value of dairy products was173.99 million US dollars, up 58.8% year-on-year. The import volume of dairy products was 153 152 tons, up 42.6% year-on-year. The largest import amount is all kinds of solid milk and cream, accounting for 67.3% of the total import, followed by whey and modified whey, accounting for 25. 1% of the total import.

In terms of consumer demand, it shows a trend of substantial increase year by year. At present, China's dairy consumption is still concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with an increase of 20%-30%, and gradually expands to small towns. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, during the period of1-1in 2004, the average monthly equivalent consumption of dairy products (including fresh dairy products, yogurt and milk powder) of urban residents in China was 2.09 kg, and the estimated annual consumption of dairy products was 25.3 kg, with an average annual increase of 18.8%.

Judging from the production and consumption trend of dairy products, China's dairy industry has developed rapidly, but there is still a big gap compared with developed countries. At present, the per capita consumption of dairy products in the world is 105 kg, which is as high as 220 kg in developed countries such as Europe and America and 40 kg in Asia. However, the per capita consumption of large and medium-sized cities in China is currently only about 25.3 kilograms. Although it is growing steadily, the market development potential is still huge.

According to the prediction of dairy experts, in the next 5- 10 years, China's dairy industry will still maintain the momentum of rapid development, the number of dairy cows and the output of raw milk will continue to increase, and the layout will be concentrated in advantageous areas (mainly Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and northern North China). The scale of processing enterprises will be further expanded, the degree of industrialization and industrial concentration will be further improved, and the proportion of dairy industry in the national economy will be increased.

2.3 Project background

The construction site of this project is Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where there is Hulunbeier Grassland, one of the four largest grasslands in the world. There are abundant aquatic plants, diverse biological species, remarkable regional advantages and superior ecological conditions. It is a rare green pure land, northern jasper, pasture kingdom and grassland pearl with relatively good protection in China. The development of grassland ecological green industry has unique advantages and great potential, and it has become an important ecological barrier in northern China together with the natural forest in Daxing 'anling.

The city is located in the dominant area of milk source, rich in grass resources and grain resources, and is a traditional dairy farming area. However, there are the following problems in the development of dairy industry at present, which limit the development of dairy industry.

2.3. 1 milk source problem

Milk source is the foundation of the development of dairy products, and the development of milk source restricts and determines the production, consumption and quality of dairy products. At present, the milk source in Hulunbeier area has the following problems.

1, cow breeds are mixed, the yield is low, and the stock of improved varieties is insufficient.

In the past three years, in the development of dairy farming, all localities have begun to change from increasing the number of dairy cows to increasing the yield of dairy cows, but although the number of dairy cows in China has increased at a double-digit rate. However, the proportion of Holstein thoroughbred cattle is still less than 1/3, about 2.4 million. In 2004, the number of dairy cows in Hulunbeier was only 2 1.3, and the milk output was 336,000 tons. The average yield per cow is only 1.570 kg/year, far below the national average of 2800-3000 kg.

China imports a large number of dairy cows from Australia, New Zealand and other countries every year. However, due to the limited number of dairy cows in importing countries, the demand for high-yield dairy cows in various regions of China is still strong. The feeding of low-yield dairy cows has caused great waste of food, feed and human resources. Improving the yield and quality of dairy cows has become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of Hulunbeier dairy cows.

2. The feeding methods are backward and lack of scientific feed ratio.

The agricultural, pastoral and forest areas in Hulunbeier have different economic conditions. For a long time, the dairy farming of herdsmen in pastoral areas has been mainly free-range, and the lack of food and feed intake has led to low milk production. Dairy cattle breeding in agricultural areas is mainly based on coarse grains such as silage, and the milk fat content is low. The utilization rate of concentrated feed is low, and there is no 1 enterprise specializing in producing concentrated feed for dairy cows in the city. Farmers don't have the consciousness of scientific feed proportion, and lack scientific guidance and drive in breeding methods, which also causes the milk yield of imported excellent dairy cows to decline in order to achieve the expected high-yield effect.

3. The backward mode of raw milk production and transportation has affected the price and quality of raw milk.

At present, the decentralized management of one household in Hulunbeier area is a common form of farming. The number of cows is 2- 10. Mechanical milking equipment and frozen milk storage tanks are not suitable for individual farmers and herdsmen because of their large investment. Most dairy farmers still use manual milking, which can easily lead to secondary pollution and deterioration of milk, lower milk grade, artificially lower milk price and cause food safety hazards. At the same time, artificial milking also limits the number of cows that farmers raise.

As a special fresh food, fresh milk must be preserved at low temperature. Under normal temperature transportation, the normal temperature transportation radius is only 50 kilometers. Hulunbeier has a large geographical area, scattered farmers and herdsmen, and long distance of fresh milk transportation. Most dairy farmers don't have special means of fresh milk transportation, and the transportation problem limits the improvement of the quantity and quality of raw milk. Difficulties in transportation also make middlemen profitable. Because fresh milk is easy to deteriorate, many farmers have to sell it to middlemen at low prices, which leads middlemen to make huge profits in it, and at the same time, the interests drive middlemen to adulterate seriously.

Dairy products are recognized as the most nutritious and healthy food. The consumption of dairy products in China lags far behind that in developed countries. In recent years, the consumption of dairy products is on the rise. However, due to repeated quality problems, consumption has declined. At present, some people think that the oversupply of dairy products market is actually the shrinking consumption and unreliable quality of dairy products, which has become an important reason to curb consumption desire. From the perspective of food safety, only by ensuring the safety of milk sources can the food safety of dairy products be guaranteed and the consumption of dairy products be guaranteed.

2.3.2 Low processing level of dairy products

China's dairy products production and brand have a strong regional color, low-level redundant construction is serious, production is not standardized, and competition is disorderly. Small dairy production enterprises with a processing capacity of about 20 tons generally exist in Hulunbeier area. The product grade is low and the quality is difficult to guarantee, which leads to disorderly competition of raw milk. At the same time, low-quality products cause waste of raw milk. At present, domestic dairy production enterprises set up factories in Hulunbeier area, but most of them only pay attention to the competition for milk sources, and do not invest in the construction of milk sources, which has caused confusion in the competition for milk sources in this area. The lack of dairy processing capacity has also led farmers and herdsmen's cows to dare not develop cattle on a large scale and hold a wait-and-see attitude.

Some experts predict that most dairy enterprises in China will face survival crisis within five years after China's entry into WTO. At present, there are more than 500 dairy enterprises in China with an annual output of 8 million tons, but 90% of them are small enterprises with a daily output of less than 100 tons. There are few kinds of products, and the products are either single or "small and complete", and there is no fist product. Most of them are in the predicament of new products, cost reduction, technological transformation and lack of funds to expand the scale. Even at present, the annual sales of Bright Dairy, a well-known domestic dairy company, only accounts for110 of the annual sales of New Zealand Dairy Group, which ranks 25th in the world. When the total sales of domestic dairy enterprises add up, it is difficult to compare with the annual sales of Nestlé in Switzerland of 654.38+0.33 billion yuan, and its strength is far from that.

I deducted it from the project proposal. If it is good, give more.