What is the essence of socialism? How to understand the theory of justice and socialism?

Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "the essence of socialism is to liberate the productive forces, develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve *** same prosperity."

First, "liberating the productive forces and developing them" is the core of the essence of socialism, reflecting the unity of the productive forces and the relations of production, and the determining role of the economic base on the superstructure. It contains the following elements: First, the development of productive forces is the fundamental task of socialism. All countries today are committed to the development of the productive forces, so why is it that the development of the productive forces is the only thing regarded as the essence of socialism? Abstract productive forces do not have a class character, but the productive forces of every country are concrete, and there have never been productive forces that exist separately from the relations of production and superstructure. The productive forces we develop are the productive forces of socialism, the productive forces that are united with the socialist relations of production and superstructure and ideology, and the productive forces that are linked to our party program. Secondly, the development of the productive forces is a decisive factor for the future and destiny of socialism in today's world. Only by devoting ourselves to the development of the productive forces can we be invincible in the fierce international competition and make socialist China stand tall in the east of the world. Thirdly, the development of the productive forces is an objective requirement of the history and present situation of socialist China, and a decisive factor in changing the face of poverty and backwardness and in demonstrating the superiority and attractiveness of socialism. Fourthly, the emancipation of the productive forces and the development of the productive forces are fully realized. The Chinese revolution liberated the productive forces, and the establishment of the new China developed the productive forces; however, the shortcomings of the existing system now hamper the development of the productive forces under the new historical conditions, so it is necessary to further liberate the productive forces through reforms. In this way, both the emancipation of the productive forces and the development of the productive forces have been fully covered.

Secondly, "the elimination of exploitation and the elimination of polarization" are the essential attributes of socialism in terms of the relations of production. In terms of the ownership system of the means of production, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's proposal to insist on the dominant position of the publicly owned economy in the socialist economy while allowing the existence and development of other economic components has enabled us to adopt methods and means conducive to the development of the productive forces without jeopardizing the essence of socialism, thus providing a guarantee for the establishment of a socialist market economy. In terms of the distribution system, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the principle that distribution according to work should be the mainstay, with a variety of distribution methods coexisting, while at the same time preventing polarization through economic, legal and administrative means.

Thirdly, "ultimately reaching **** the same affluence" is the aim of socialism. "*** with prosperity" best reflects the essence of socialism in terms of its purpose, which is the end result of the contradictory movement of the productive forces that develop at a high level and the socialist relations of production that are basically adapted to the development of such productive forces. A high level of development of production can provide members of society with an abundance of social material wealth. But with abundant social and material wealth, it is not natural to realize "**** the same affluence"; there is also the guarantee of socialist relations of production that the members of society may be the first to get rich and the second to get richer, but that the gap between them will not be widened too much, and that polarization will not even occur. While allowing some people to get rich first, we advocate that the rich get rich first and help the rich get richer later, so that the material and cultural life of the whole people can be improved year by year and **** the same affluence can be achieved.

Second, how to understand the theory of fairness and justice and socialism

The Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the **** on a number of major issues in the construction of a harmonious socialist society," pointed out that: "social fairness and justice is the basic condition of social harmony. On the whole, fairness and justice means that the interests of all aspects of society are properly coordinated, that internal contradictions among the people and other social contradictions are correctly dealt with, and that social equity and justice are effectively maintained and realized. So, how do we maintain and realize fairness and justice in our specific work? First of all, we need to deepen our understanding of the connotation of fairness and justice.

Fairness and justice belongs to people's understanding and awareness of society, different historical conditions will produce different views of justice, different classes, classes and people representing different classes and classes of people's understanding of fairness and justice is bound to be different. Therefore, it is difficult to correctly grasp the connotation of fairness and justice without applying the analytical method of historical materialism. In the author's view, from the perspective of historical materialism, fairness and justice can be divided into two levels. The first level of fairness and justice can be called procedural fairness and justice, which is linked to the principle of universality of law, and requires that the law and system be enforced equally to all people, and grants procedural fairness to people; the second level of fairness and justice can be called outcome fairness and justice, which aims at pursuing the well-being of the most members of society, and emphasizes the importance of responding to different circumstances and different situations, and the importance of the principle of universality of law and the principle of universality of law. The second level of justice can be called justice of result, which pursues the well-being of the greatest number of members of society, emphasizes different treatment for different situations and different people, and grants people fairness in result.

At present, the Party attaches great importance to both dimensions of fairness and justice. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Party pointed out distinctly that the unity and dignity of the socialist legal system should be maintained and the authority of the socialist legal system should be established. It insists that all citizens are equal before the law, that human rights are respected and safeguarded, and that civil rights and freedoms are protected in accordance with the law. This is to emphasize the principle of the universality of law, which is implied in the first level of the concept of procedural fairness and justice. At the same time, the central government has also pointed out the need to increase fiscal transfers, strengthen macro-regulation of income distribution, pay more attention to social equity on the basis of economic development, focus on raising the income level of low-income earners, effectively regulate excessive income, and promote ****same prosperity. These requirements, precisely to better safeguard and strive for fairness and justice from the results, so that from the two levels of fairness and justice are more targeted to work for the goal of building a harmonious society.

(2) After the establishment of new China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Party, in leading the people to build the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, summarized the positive and negative experiences, put forward the goal of improving the socialist legal system, and solemnly proclaimed that all people are equal before the law. 1999, the "rule of law" strategy was also written into the Constitution. In 1999, the strategy of "ruling the country according to law" was written into the Constitution. These efforts show that the Party has come to realize very clearly that, in order to establish fairness and justice, it is necessary to raise the banner of democracy and the rule of law, and to strive to create a new social environment in which there is equal opportunity and in which things are done in accordance with the law. Moving in this right direction, as we build a harmonious society and strive to achieve justice, we must carefully analyze the causes of problems such as the lack of integrity and corruption and find the right solutions. It can be found that the root causes of most of the current social conflicts, especially the widening gap between the rich and the poor, are to a large extent due to the fact that there are indeed market disorders, power and money transactions, and collusion between business and the Government in society. Therefore, the root cause of the unfairness and injustice affecting current social harmony lies mainly in the unfairness of starting points, opportunities and procedures. It can be seen that at this stage vigorously advocate procedural fairness and justice, and further improve the socialist legal system, is to lay a solid foundation for socialist harmonious society requirements.

(3) It is not enough to have procedural fairness and justice alone to build a harmonious socialist society. Because although procedural fairness and justice provide people with starting point fairness as well as procedural fairness, due to the differences between people in terms of endowment and ability, starting point fairness will always evolve into resultant unfairness with the continuous unfolding of competition. Therefore, we still need to work hard to create conditions for the realization of fairness and justice in the results.

From the actual situation of socialist market economy, if we don't take into account the individual conditions such as opportunities and endowments, different people may be due to the differences in their own comprehensive conditions, and constantly widen the gap in income and other aspects. Reform and opening up nearly 30 years, China's market economy has developed to a considerable scale, but due to differences in the ability of members of the community, but also due to the inevitable existence of many market rules are not strict and unreasonable, but also due to China's specific period of strategic arrangements for the development of the economic gradient, China's society, the emergence of more obvious urban and rural areas, regional disparities and disparities between the rich and the poor and other results of the phenomenon of inequity. These results are all very harmful to the building of a harmonious society, and it reminds people that they should pay more attention to fairness and justice in terms of results, and strive to keep the urban-rural difference, regional difference and disparity between the rich and the poor within an acceptable range, so as to realize relative fairness in terms of results. In a sense, this is a higher level of fairness and justice than procedural fairness and justice. Accordingly, we should more vigorously implement the policy of industry feeding agriculture, urban support for the countryside, and giving more, taking less, and letting live, to promote coordinated development in urban and rural areas; we should also further increase the financial transfers to places in central and western regions, the northeast, and other old industrial bases, and expand the assistance provided by developed regions to their counterparts in less-developed regions, to promote coordinated development in the region; and we should push forward the proactive employment policy with even more vigor, and strengthen the protection of laborers, especially migrant workers. labor protection for workers, especially rural migrant workers, and develop harmonious labor relations; it should further insist that public *** education resources be tilted toward rural, central and western regions, poor regions, border regions, and ethnic regions, and promote education to achieve equity; it should further strengthen the construction of the public *** health system, and completely solve the problem of the people's difficulty in accessing medical care and the high cost of medical treatment; it should further improve the mechanism for regulating the distribution of income, and Gradually raise social security standards and improve the income level of low-income people. Only in this way can fairness and justice better lay a solid foundation for a harmonious socialist society and better reflect the essential features of a harmonious socialist society.

(4) At the present stage, in our society, the issues of procedural fairness and justice and resultant fairness and justice are often intertwined, thus adding many difficulties to people's understanding and actions. This obviously increases the difficulty of solving the problem. To solve this problem, we need to use historical materialism to correctly distinguish and view the two different levels of fairness and justice, and recognize the dialectical relationship between the two.

In fact, the two dimensions of fairness and justice are not separate and contradictory to each other, they are dialectically unified. Without the solid support of procedural fairness and justice, the result of fairness and justice may be reduced to unprincipled compromise, and thus go back to the old way of the pot of rice. Without the guaranteed role of fairness and justice in results, procedural fairness and justice may also be transformed into a passport for the weak and the strong, thus aggravating social antagonisms and contradictions. Therefore, we should vigorously advocate procedural fairness and justice, and strive to cultivate the spirit of contract, the spirit of procedure and the spirit of the rule of law, so as to create a solid cornerstone of the rule of law for a harmonious socialist society. At the same time, we should also strive to realize fairness and justice in results as the core task of building a harmonious society, carry forward the fine tradition of helping the poor and the weak, and take the responsibility of realizing the well-being of the majority of the people as our own, vigorously advocate fairness and justice in results, and positively coordinate the interests of the people and different groups in the society, so as to alleviate the social contradictions fundamentally, and thus to make the superiority of the socialist system to be more fully embodied.

In short, the socialist harmonious society is the dialectical unity of procedural fairness and justice and result fairness and justice. If the construction of a harmonious socialist society is regarded as a friendly race, and fairness and justice are indispensable referees, then procedural fairness and justice is the referee on the starting line, which is in charge of the fairness and justice of the starting point of the race; and the result of fairness and justice is the referee on the finish line, who is in charge of the fairness and justice of the results of the race. Both complement each other, indispensable, *** with the basic conditions for creating social harmony.