Chinese teaching plan for the second volume of the ninth grade: Mencius

Teaching goal

Knowledge goal

1. Accumulate classical Chinese knowledge and master the phenomenon of flexible use of ancient and modern synonyms and parts of speech.

2. Understand the characteristics of the prose of Mencius and understand Mencius' political views.

3. Recite two short passages and accumulate famous sayings and epigrams.

Ability goal

1. Read repeatedly, understand the meaning of the text, and cultivate students' self-learning ability in classical Chinese.

2. Learn the methods of reasoning and argumentation of the ancients, and taste the expressive effects of rhetoric such as comparison and parallelism.

objectives of moral education

1. understand "the right time, the right place", "harmony between people" and "getting more help", enhance the understanding of the political situation of national stability and unity,

2. understand the meaning of "born in sorrow, died in happiness". And learn from it, enhance the sense of hardship, and treat life with optimism.

Key points and difficulties in teaching

1. Clarify the reasoning ideas and grasp the reasoning methods.

2. Correctly understand the epochal significance of "getting more help from the Tao" and "being born in hardship".

2 class hours

Teaching process

The first class

1. Introduction design

Students, do you still remember the magnificent news "People's Liberation Army Million Troops Crossing the Yangtze River"? What is the reason for the victory of marked army? (students answer together; "Those who win people's hearts win the world." ) Today, we are going to learn "How to Help When You Get the Way, How to Help When You Lose the Way", and deeply explore the primary conditions for defeating the enemy.

Second, reading materials

Mencius and Mencius

Mencius (372-289 BC), a native of Zou, was a disciple of Confucius' grandson Kong Wei. Lobbying between Qi and Liang Dynasties was not reused, but retired to write books with his disciples, such as Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan. Inheriting Confucius' theory, he put forward the slogan of "benevolent government" and advocated the restoration of "Jingtian system" and "Shiqing system". At the same time, he advocated that "the people are more important than the monarch", called the tyrant "a husband", believed that human nature is good, and emphasized the efforts of inner cultivation such as nourishing the heart and deliberately, which became the foundation of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, his status was respected day by day. In the first year of Yuan Zhishun, he was named as the sage of Zou Guoya, and in the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, he was named as the sage of Mencius, which was second only to Confucius in Confucianism. Most of his thoughts and deeds can be found in Mencius.

The articles in Mencius have always been famous for their eloquence. Reading Meng Ziwen makes people feel magnificent, emotional and sharp. Out of indignation at the greedy and brutal behavior of the rulers at that time, sympathy for the people struggling in suffering, hostility to other schools' theories, strong desire to carry out their own opinions, and the sense of salvation that "if you want to rule the world, in today's world, you can save others"? Make Mencius' article radical, rigid and confident. He is also good at using all kinds of techniques to lure the enemy into submission, and his writing is sloppy, sometimes sharp, and he likes to use a lot of parallel sentences, so his writing style is aggressive.

Third, read the text, overall perception

1. The teacher plays the demonstration reading tape, and the students listen to it, paying attention to the pronunciation, pause and stress.

2. Teachers demonstrate reciting the text and pay attention to the momentum of reading the article.

3. Students read the text together, and the teacher gives a little reading guidance.

Pay attention to the rhythm of the parallelism sentences, such as: the boundary between the territory and the people, the border between the country and the people, the danger of mountains and streams, and the advantage of the world. Those who have gained the Tao/help more, those who have lost the Tao/help less. Little help/to, relatives/to: more help/to, the world/to.

Fourth, translate and read the text, and grasp the meaning of the text

1. Students translate the text by themselves, circle and sketch, and mark the difficult words.

2. Group discussion, questioning and solving doubts.

3. Teachers guide students to accumulate classical Chinese knowledge.

Teachers distribute written materials, the contents of which are as follows:

(1) Generic words:

Little help comes, relatives are nearby ("rebellion" and betrayal)

(2) ancient and modern synonyms

Three-mile city, seven-mile country (city, inner city; Guo: Out-of-town)

Fortunately, I left. Today's meaning: to, to

relatives and friends, including parents and brothers. This refers to a family or its members who are married to their own family. )

The pool is neither deep nor (moat. This refers to the pond. )

(3) The word is ambiguous;

does the people of the territory not rely on the boundary of the frontier (with) the city of Sanli (with)? The geographical position is not as good as people's harmony (favorable)

It is invincible to attack the ring (pronoun)

With the help of the world, the world is smooth (to)? War is not without benefits (sharp)

(4) Pay attention to the usage of the following words:

People in the territory do not take the border of frontier defense (nouns are used as verbs to restrict)

They do not take the risk of mountains and streams (adjectives are used as verbs to consolidate)

They do not take advantage of war in the world (adjectives are used as verbs to deter)

()

the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people. Not as good as the will of the people in the battle, internal unity. )

If the husband attacks it, there will be a winner, but the winner is that the weather is not as good as the geographical position (using four sides; Siege by encirclement-you must have got weather and season favorable to combat, but you can't win, because the weather and season favorable to combat are not as good as the geographical situation favorable to combat. )

If a gentleman doesn't fight, he will win. (On the condition that everyone in the world submits to him, he will attack the helpless king who even his relatives oppose. Therefore, if the monarch doesn't fight, he will win. )

5. Think about reading the text, clarify the argumentation ideas and recite the text

1. What is the central argument of this article? The article is about how to discuss and communicate with students at the same table.

clear: the central argument is that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people".

The article starts with the argument that human harmony is the' first condition' for defeating the enemy, and then develops it step by step, and proves it with general war examples. It points out that the three factors play different roles in the war by comparing the weather with the geographical position and the geographical position with human harmony, and then deduces the truth of governing the country and keeping the peace from the "human harmony" in the war, and draws the conclusion that "if you get more help, if you lose it, you will get less help". Finally, by comparing "more help" with "less help", it is naturally derived that "a gentleman will win the war if he does not fight."

The teacher answers the blackboard according to the students, and forms the idea of reciting.

2. Students recite the text according to the tips on the blackboard.

VI. Summarize and sublimate

The teacher suggested, "Six Classics Note Me, I Note Six Classics". When learning classical Chinese, we should pay attention to connecting with reality, make the past serve the present, and endow classic works with the significance of the times; How do you know about "harmony between people"? Please contact the reality and talk about your opinion.

VII. Assign homework

1. Recite the full text.

2. Organize class speeches and write a review.

in the second class

1. Lead design

Everyone is familiar with the story of "serving your salary and tasting your courage". Gou Jian, the king of Yue, was steadfast in his adversity, and finally defeated the State of Wu and revived the State of Yue. However, after this, "the king of Yue Gou Jian broke Wu's return, and the soldiers returned home to do their best. Maid-in-waiting is like the Man Chun Palace, but only partridges fly today. ". The King of Yue, who indulged in happiness, repeated the same mistakes. What kind of enlightenment does Gou Jian's experience give us? Please go into the excerpts from Mencius' Gao Zi Xia to find the answer.

second, read the text, the overall perception

1. Students read the text together. Require accurate pronunciation, pause, cadence and beauty.

2. The teacher plays a demonstration reading tape to remind students to grasp the pause and stress in the sentence.

Multimedia display:

(1) Shun/Fa in/Mu, Fu Shuo/Ju in/Plate Building, Glue in/Ju in/Fish Salt, Guan Yi Wu/Ju in/Shi, Sun Shuao/Ju in/Hai, Bai Li Xi/Ju in/City.

(2) ..... must first suffer/his mind, fatigue/his bones and muscles, hunger/his body and skin, fatigue/his body, behavior/disorder/his behavior, so he is tempted/patient, and has benefited/he can't. (add some words to stress)

3. Students read the text aloud.

Third, clarify the argument ideas and recite the text

1. Students read the text by themselves, combined with notes, and translate the text with the help of reference books.

2. Discuss and communicate in groups to solve difficult problems in translation.

3. The whole class is divided into two groups, and a class competition is held. Each question is answered by a group of odd questions and by a group of even questions. Assign 5 points to each small question. Win or lose by the number of points.

Multimedia display:

Section 1: Knowledge of Classical Chinese

(1) Read the following words correctly.

① acres? ② Fu Shuo? 3 glue? (4) line stroke

(2) indicate the interchangeable words in the following sentences and explain them.

① Zeng Yi can't

② Be trapped in the heart and weigh in consideration, and then do

③ If you enter, there will be no legalist

④ So be patient

(3) Translate sentences.

(1) Therefore, heaven will demote a great post, so people ... once benefited from what they could not do.

(2) People are always over ... which is characterized by the appearance of color in sound and then metaphor.

③ If you enter, there will be no legalist, but if you leave, there will be no foreign patients.

④ Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness.

Part II: Ideological Content

(1) What is the central argument of this article? From which two aspects does the author demonstrate? Please briefly describe the argument of this article.

(2) What are the characteristics of this essay in the method of argumentation?

Section III: Talent Show

(1) "Born in sorrow, died in happiness". Do you know any famous sentences with the same meaning? Please list two sentences.

(2) What examples can prove this truth? Please give a few examples.

Presentation of students' classroom competition results:

About ideological content:

(1) The central argument of this article is "Born in sorrow, died in happiness".

The author demonstrates from two aspects: individual and country. The article first talks about the problem of cultivating talents. First, take six dignitaries who came from humble origins and finally took on "great responsibilities" after all kinds of tempering as an example to illustrate that talents are brought up in a difficult environment, and at the same time attach importance to people's subjective factors, and put forward the viewpoint of "being trapped in the heart, weighing in consideration, and then acting". From two aspects, it shows that if people want to do something and achieve great things, they must undergo some difficult and even painful tempering in life, thought and behavior. Then the individual talks about the country, pointing out that the factors that determine the survival of the country are similar to those that determine whether an individual can achieve great things, and finally putting forward the argument.

(2) This essay adopts the methods of analogy, example, contrast and inductive reasoning. For example, the analogy between cultivating talents and governing the country, such as listing six examples of people who have become talents in adversity, such as comparing great achievements with the demise of the country, such as analyzing and demonstrating first, then summarizing opinions and so on.

Talent display:

(1) Related famous sentences include: Since ancient times, heroes have suffered a lot, and they have never been arrogant.

if you think about it, you will be safe; if you think about it, you will be cured; if you think about it, you will be saved.

Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, while leisure can lead to death.

A gentleman is always striving for self-improvement.

self-improvement is the health of the world, and zhigang is the way to be a great king. .....

(2) Related examples are: Li Baicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, led the rebel army into Beijing, which was full of ambition and eventually failed. This is a true portrayal of "born in sorrow and died in happiness".

Someone did an experiment. He threw a frog into boiling water, and the frog jumped out with all his might. Put the frog into mild boiling water, and the frog is happy to stay in it. The temperature rises gradually and the frog adapts slowly, and finally it is boiled to death. This is also a portrayal of "born in sorrow and died in happiness".

The best-selling book "Who Moved My Cheese" is also explaining the truth that "born in sorrow, died in happiness".

4. Teachers comprehensively judge and divide the winners into groups, and the whole class applauds to congratulate them.

5. Students recite the text together.

IV. Summary and Sublimation

Question: What inspiration did you get from studying Born in Worry and Died in Happiness?

The two issues mentioned in Mencius' article are still of valuable enlightening significance to us: First, the cultivation of talents. Mencius emphasized two aspects on this issue. On the one hand, he emphasized that the ability to enter was formed and increased in the course of hardships and hardships. Those who take on the "great responsibility" must go through some hardships and hardships such as "hardship", "fatigue" and "hunger" before they can grow their talents and take on this great responsibility. Talent is not innate. But if you are leisurely and carefree, you will naturally not grow your talent. In order to come from tempering. On the other hand, he pointed out that we should be able to withstand the test of setbacks and stand up in setbacks, so that we can make a difference. In the face of setbacks, cheer up, work hard and give full play to subjective initiative, so as to get out of the predicament and make a new start; If you are depressed and depressed, you will naturally be depressed. In order to come from the struggle. The first is about the governance of the country. Mencius pointed out that it is extremely important for a country to have good ministers, adopt admonitions, be alert and be prepared for danger in times of peace, which is related to the survival of the country. This thought of Mencius has far-reaching significance. Just think, if a country is in the power of evil, is lucky to play politics, indulges in happiness and loses its vigilance, then its future and destiny can be imagined.

V. Class Summary

Two Chapters (Mencius), with sharp writing, sharp language, great momentum, good reasoning, diverse techniques and rigorous argumentation. These characteristics are instructive and instructive for us to read and write argumentative essays today. Mencius' political thought still has some lessons for us living in the 21st century. "Weak water is 3,, just take a ladle to drink", I hope everyone will carefully understand, think and learn something.

6. Homework

1. Which of the two essays do you prefer? Tell me your reasons.

2. Write a post-blasphemy feeling. A brief talk on how to understand "born in sorrow and died in happiness" in today's increasingly affluent material life.

VII. Postscript of teaching