On the traditional thinking characteristics of China people and how to cultivate innovative thinking ability

Creative thinking is not innate, but acquired through careful thinking and training. (1) Stimulate people's curiosity and thirst for knowledge. This is the main link to cultivate creative thinking ability. There are at least three factors that affect people's creativity: first, the sense of innovation, that is, the intention, desire and motivation of innovation; Second, creative thinking ability; The third is to master various creative methods and problem-solving strategies. Stimulating curiosity and thirst for knowledge is the driving force to cultivate innovative consciousness, improve creative thinking ability and master creative methods and strategies. Experimental research shows that a person with strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge is often diligent and confident, good at learning and brave in innovation. So some people say, "Curiosity is the first virtue of scholars." (2) Cultivate divergent thinking and convergent thinking. This is an important aspect of developing creative thinking ability. In people's creative activities, we should pay attention to the cultivation of both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. At present, schools at all levels pay more attention to the cultivation of seeking common ground thinking, while ignoring the training of seeking different thinking. For example, some teachers often grade according to a standard answer sheet, and students often answer according to an inherent answer. In this way, students form a fixed thinking mode invisibly, which seriously affects the development of students' observation, curiosity, imagination and initiative. Only in this way can we cultivate students with accumulated knowledge. Divergent thinking itself has the characteristics of being unconventional, seeking differences and exploring various answers. People with good divergent thinking are generally sensitive to new things and have a strong desire to avoid old problems. Therefore, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' divergent thinking. (3) Cultivate intuitive thinking and logical thinking. This is an indispensable link in cultivating creative thinking. The so-called intuitive thinking refers to the thinking that makes a reasonable response to the way and answer of the question quickly without step-by-step analysis. Such as speculation, hunch, hypothesis, epiphany, etc. Einstein, a famous scientist, has a strong intuitive ability. He attaches great importance to experiments. When he was in college, he spent most of his time in the laboratory, obsessed with his direct experience. These experiences enabled him to absorb reasonable ideas from the works of Mach and Hume, and abandoned the wrong views of idealism and agnosticism, thus forming his own whole system of relativity. Generally speaking, knowledge structure is just a "shelf" with many "gaps". For people who are very familiar with this problem, these "gaps" are a very attractive factor. He not only has a sense of familiarity, but also "seems to have some connection" with it. This is a bridge from the known to the unknown, which is gradually established in the mind by long-term accumulated knowledge and efforts in the past. Therefore, inspired by the current situation, it will show an instantaneous intuitive response. But intuitive thinking is often imperfect, unclear and sometimes even wrong. In order to improve intuitive thinking, logical thinking can be regarded as a necessary process to test, modify and correct intuitive thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the two to cultivate, which will be more conducive to the development of creative thinking. To cultivate the creativity of thinking, we should pay attention to: l, strengthen the independence of learning and maintain due curiosity. 2. Enhance the awareness of questions, pay attention to finding and asking questions in classroom listening and reading. 3, pay attention to the divergence of thinking, in the problem-solving practice to solve more problems, more changes. Creative thinking is an advanced psychological activity of human beings. Creative thinking is the basic quality that politicians, educators, scientists, artists and other outstanding talents must possess. According to psychology, creative thinking means that thinking can not only prompt the essence and internal relations of objective things, but also produce novel and unprecedented thinking results with social value on this basis. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of general thinking, and it is the result of acquired cultivation and training. Chaplin made an intriguing remark: Just like playing the violin or the piano, thinking needs daily practice. Therefore, we can use psychological self-mediation to consciously cultivate our creative thinking from several aspects. (1) Fantasy Wings Psychologists believe that the human brain has four functional parts: first, the sensory area that receives external feelings; The second is the storage area where these feelings are collected and sorted out; The third is to evaluate the judgment area of the received new information; The fourth is to combine the old information in a new way. People who are only good at using the functions of storage area and judgment area but not imagination area are not good at innovation. According to the research of psychologists, the average person only uses 15% of the imagination area, and the rest are still hibernating. To cultivate this virgin land, we must start from cultivating fantasy. Imagination is the thinking ability of human beings to make comprehensive analysis, inference and imagination by using the information stored in their brains. In the process of thinking, without the participation of imagination, thinking will be very difficult. Especially creative imagination, is regulated by thinking. Einstein said: Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution. Einstein's special theory of relativity began when he was young, when he imagined that people would follow the light and try to catch up with it. The first airplane in the world started from people's fantasy of making bird wings. Fantasy can not only lead us to discover new things, but also inspire us to make new efforts, explore and engage in creative labor. Young people love fantasy and should cherish this precious wealth that belongs to them. Fantasy is the preparatory stage of creative imagination. What is still in your fantasy today may appear in your creativity tomorrow. (2) Cultivate divergent thinking The so-called divergent thinking means that if a question may have multiple answers, then focus on this question, spread the direction of thinking outward, and find the more appropriate answer, the better, instead of just finding a correct answer. In this kind of thinking, people can sprint from left to right and fully display the creative elements of thinking in various suitable answers. Glashow, an American scientist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, said: Learning in many ways can broaden our thinking ... The more we grasp the image of things in the world or human society, the greater the help we will give to abstract thinking. For example, let's think about how many uses bricks have. We have at least the following answers: building houses, building walls, paving roads, stopping cars parked on slopes, making hammers, pressing paper heads, marking lines on behalf of rulers, padding things, fighting weapons, and so on. (3) Developing Intuitive Thinking The so-called intuitive thinking refers to sudden comprehension or understanding without step-by-step analysis. Many psychologists believe that it is the active expression of creative thinking, the forerunner of invention and creation, and the fruit suddenly obtained after confusion, which plays an important role in the process of invention and creation. The Archimedes principle in physics is that when Archimedes jumped into the bathtub, he found that the volume of water overflowing from the edge of the bathtub was as large as that of his own body, thus realizing the famous law of specific gravity. For another example, when Darwin observed the phenomenon that the top of plant seedlings bent towards the sun, he thought it was because something in the top of the seedlings ran to the backlight side under the light. But in his life, he failed to prove what kind of substance it was. Later, after repeated scientific research, this substance auxin was finally found in 1933. In the process of learning, intuitive thinking sometimes shows strange questions, sometimes bold guesses, sometimes urgent answers, sometimes solving a problem and imagining a variety of novel methods and schemes. In order to cultivate our creative thinking, when these imaginations come in droves, never ignore them. Young people have a keen sense of smell, a good memory and an extremely active imagination. When they find and solve problems in their study and work, they may suddenly come up with new ideas and concepts. We should catch the product of this creative thinking in time and be good at developing our own intuitive thinking. (4) Cultivate the fluency, flexibility and originality of thinking. Fluency, flexibility and originality are the three elements of creativity. Fluency is the ability to respond smoothly to stimuli. Flexibility refers to the ability to improvise. Originality refers to an unusual response to stimuli, with novel elements. These three characteristics are based on extensive knowledge. In 1960s, American psychologists used so-called fast association or storm association to train college students' thinking fluency. During training, students are required to throw out some ideas as quickly as a storm in summer, and there is no delay. The quality or quantity of the exam is not good or bad. The evaluation will be conducted after the end. The faster the speed, the smoother it will be, and the more you talk, the smoother it will be. This kind of free association and quick response training is of great help to thinking, which can promote the development of creative thinking both in quality and fluency. (5) Cultivate a strong thirst for knowledge. Both Plato and Aristotle, ancient Greek philosophers, said that the origin of philosophy is the surprise of human beings to nature and all their own existence. They believe that positive creative thinking usually begins when people are surprised and emotionally interested in exploring this problem. Therefore, to stimulate their desire for creative learning, we must first make ourselves have a strong thirst for knowledge. And people's desires are always generated on the basis of need. Without spiritual needs, there is no curiosity. We should consciously solve problems for ourselves, or chew puzzles left by predecessors to stimulate our curiosity. Young people have the strongest thirst for knowledge. But if you unconsciously transfer your intelligence and pursue science, you will naturally shrink. Curiosity will encourage people to explore science and think creatively, and only in the process of exploration will curiosity and thirst for knowledge be constantly stimulated, so that it will never be exhausted and become living water forever. Only when a person's psychological state of learning is always in the stage of itching can his learning process become a process of actively seeking up and down. Such learning can not only acquire existing knowledge and skills, but also further explore unknown new realms, discover new knowledge that has not yet been mastered, and even create unprecedented new insights and new things.