Notes on Introduction to Archives Science (Chapters 4-8)

Chapter iv archival undertaking and its composition

Section 1 Contents of Archival Work

Archives work in a broad sense includes archives management, archives administration, archives education, archives scientific research, archives propaganda and archives international cooperation and exchange.

Archives management: the application of scientific principles and methods to manage archives and serve the cause of the party and the country. Its basic contents include: receiving and collecting files, sorting out, identifying, keeping, cataloging and searching, self and research, statistics and using services.

Name: Archives appraisal: In order to give priority to the preservation of archives with preservation value, play a role and meet the needs of social utilization, archives appraisal has been formed.

Name: Archives statistics work: In order to grasp the basic situation of archives work, analyze the regularity of archives work and improve the level of archives management, it is necessary to quantitatively observe and analyze the status of archives and archives management, which forms archives statistics work.

Optional: In fact, every link of the file management business can be divided into two basic components: 1, file basic work and file provision and utilization work.

The basic work of archives creates conditions for providing utilization work; The provision and utilization work reflects the achievements of the basic work of archives.

Name: Archives administration: an activity of overall planning, organization and coordination, unified system, supervision and guidance of national and local archives work with the needs of various national construction undertakings as the goal.

A: Archives education in China began in 1930s. In 34 years, the private Wuchang Wenhua Library College set up a special chair for archives management.

Elected: From September to May, 1950 1 year,1year, the former Wuchang Wenhua Library College offered archives training courses. In May1year, Peking University Library held a specialized course on archival science.

Elected: in 1952 165438+ 15 10, the central government decided to set up a major course in archives for the National People's Congress, and the Archives College was established in 1985.

Jane: The Structure of Archives Education in China;

From a macro perspective, China's archival education system generally includes four parts: higher education, secondary education, on-the-job continuing education and social education.

Archives higher education is the core part of archives education in China. Including postgraduate, undergraduate and junior college students.

On-the-job education of archives is to improve the professional knowledge of archives staff. Include two aspects:

1, continuing education for those who have received professional education in archives, with the main purpose of imparting new theories, technologies and methods;

2. With the main purpose of popularizing basic theories and basic management methods, cultivate archivists who have not received systematic education in archival specialty.

Name: Archives propaganda: it is a process of spreading information and ideas about archives and archives work to people, thus affecting people's behavior.

Archival science and technology research is referred to as archival scientific research for short: it is a creative work that studies and refines the perceptual materials of archival work practice through means of investigation, observation, experiment, comparison and analysis, and rises to rational results.

Selection: China's archival scientific research work is divided into three contents according to the nature of its research objects:

1, basic theory research of archival science;

2. Research on archival application theory;

3. Research on applied technology of archival science.

Name: Basic Principles of Archives Work: Article 5 of the Archives Law stipulates: "Archives work should follow the principle of unified leadership and hierarchical management, maintain the integrity and safety of archives, and facilitate the use of all sectors of society."

Jane: The contents of the basic principles of archival work:

The basic principles include three interrelated parts:

First, the national archives work implements the principle of unified leadership and hierarchical management.

1, the national archives are managed by all levels and all kinds of archives keeping institutions in accordance with the regulations;

2, the national archives work under the leadership of the people's governments at all levels, unified management by the archives administration agencies at all levels, classification, professional management;

3, unified management of party and government archives and party and government archives work, with China characteristics.

Second, keep the integrity and security of files-this is the minimum procedure.

1. Maintain the integrity of archives: the integrity of archives includes two aspects: the complete collection and arrangement system of archival materials.

2. Maintaining the security of archives: including the physical security and content security of archives.

Third, it is convenient for all sectors of society to use.

It is the fundamental purpose of archival work to facilitate the use of archives by all sectors of society and meet the needs of society for archives.

Jane: the significance of the basic principles of archival work;

The three components of the basic principles of China's archival work are an organic whole of dialectical unity. Unified leadership and hierarchical management are the core. Without the organizational guarantee of unified leadership and hierarchical management, it is impossible to have the integrity and security of archives, and it is difficult to achieve the purpose of facilitating the use of all walks of life. Maintaining the integrity and security of archives is a means. Without it, it is impossible to use files conveniently. It is the purpose to facilitate the use of all aspects of society. Without this fundamental purpose, maintaining the integrity and security of archives will lose its meaning and direction. Therefore, we should fully understand and implement the basic principles of archival work.

Jane: the basic types of national archives management system;

The national archives management system refers to the system and organizational system of archives management, including the establishment of archives administrative departments, their subordinate relations and the division of authority. National archives management system is generally divided into two basic types:

1, distributed file management system:

Decentralization: In some countries, local archives institutions do not accept the leadership, guidance and supervision of central archives institutions. Most countries that adopt a decentralized system are federal. Mainly includes:

1) British style: Britain, Germany, etc.

2) Swiss style: the central government does not set up the national archives administration department, but only the federal archives;

3) American: Slightly different from the above, the National Archives and Documentation Agency, the business management organ of the federal government, was established in the capital.

2. Centralized file management system

Centralized system: The local archives institutions in some countries accept the leadership, guidance and supervision of the central archives institutions.

1) Chinese style-implement the management system under the principle of centralized and unified management of archives and archives work by the ruling party and government.

2) French-France, Italy, Romania and other countries set up a central archives management center in the capital-the National Archives Bureau.

3) Swedish style-Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, etc. Not only has the archives management department been established.

Generally speaking, although the two management systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, relatively speaking, the centralized system is more conducive to the development of archives work and archives cause than the decentralized system.

Jane: The Development and Reform of China Archives Management System;

The main features of the changes in the archives management system in New China are: the archives are gradually transformed from decentralized management to centralized and unified management, and the centralized management system is constantly improving.

1, distributed file management system

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, China's archives management system was decentralized.

2. The development of centralized file management system.

In 1954 1 1 After the establishment of the National Archives Bureau in the State Council, the unified management of archives work was gradually strengthened. 165438+58 10, the Secretariat of the General Office of the Central Committee and the National Archives Bureau submitted a report on the unified management of party and government archives to the Central Committee.

According to the suggestion of the National Archives Bureau, the General Office of the Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council submitted a report on adjusting the leadership system of national archives work to the Central Committee and the State Council. Approved by the Central Committee and the State Council on February 8, 85.

According to 1985 Opinions on Adjusting the Leading System of Archives Work approved by the Central Committee and the State Council, the main contents of China's centralized archives management system are: implementing the principle of unified management of archives work by the party and government.

1993, according to the regulations of the Central Committee and the State Council on the reform plan of archives institutions, the Central Archives merged with the National Archives Bureau, and as a public institution directly under the Central Committee and the State Council, it was managed by the Central Office. The purpose of this reform is to streamline institutions, improve functions and strengthen the unified leadership of the Party over archives.

Chapter V Archives Institutions

Jane: As long as it is called a file, it is social. Archives should provide services for the whole society. Archives are internal institutions and are generally only open to internal personnel. Archives generally mainly keep the files handed over by other units, and archives keep the files of their own units.

Selected: China's archives are mainly divided into three categories:

1, national archives at all levels-comprehensive;

2 professional files-including professional files and departmental files;

3. Archives of enterprises and institutions.

Elected: China's national archives can generally be divided into two categories:

1. Historical archives, such as China No.1 Historical Archives, mainly preserve the archives of central institutions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties;

The second historical archives-mainly preserve the archives of the central institutions of various political powers during the Republic of China.

2. There are two kinds of comprehensive archives: 1) central level.

2) At the regional level

Name: Comprehensive Archives: China National Comprehensive Archives is the management department that keeps the archives of the party and government organs in a unified way. It is not only a political party institution, but also a national institution. According to the Archives Law and related documents, China's archives are the scientific and cultural institutions of the Party and the country, the base for permanent preservation of archives and the center for all aspects to use archival historical materials.

Jane: the nature of scientific and cultural undertakings of comprehensive archives

The scientific and cultural nature of comprehensive archives is manifested in three aspects:

1 is an important historical and cultural heritage and spiritual and cultural wealth from the object of file management.

2. Judging from the activities and achievements of archives, archives work is a research work. Participate in compiling historical records, compile various research results, and provide archives utilization in various ways.

3. From the function of archives, it not only shoulders the heavy responsibility of scientific archives management, but also devotes itself to socialized service. Archives have become an important cause because of its great significance to the country, society and history.

Jane: the basic duties and specific tasks of the comprehensive archives;

The basic duties of archives are: centralized and unified management of archives and related materials that need to be preserved for a long time by the party and the state, keeping the true face of history and serving the realistic socialist modernization and the long-term needs of history. Its basic tasks mainly include three aspects:

1, receiving and collecting archives and related materials with long-term and permanent preservation value of organs, organizations and their subordinate units at the same level, and conducting scientific management;

2. Actively carry out archives utilization in various ways;

3. Participate in compiling historical records.

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Name: Professional Archives: Archives established by the state to manage the archives formed in a certain field or a special professional and technical activity.

The earliest professional archives in China is the Geological Archives, which was established in 1952 to centrally manage the national geological archives. 58 years of film archives and surveying and mapping archives; Followed by machinery industry, railways, diplomacy, transportation, posts and telecommunications, surveying and mapping, meteorology, China photos, military and other departments and museums. Like the archives.

Select: Professional File Type:

1, special carrier file;

2. Urban construction archives;

3. Department files.

Choice: departmental archives can generally be regarded as public archives institutions, and some are not only business institutions that keep archives, but also responsible for guiding, supervising and inspecting the archives work of grass-roots units in this system.

Name: The internal archival institution mainly refers to the archival institution established within the organs and organizations to keep the archives formed by their own units and mainly provide services for their own units.

There are two types of internal archives institutions in China: enterprise archives and archives room.

Enterprise archives are a kind of archives that appeared after the middle and late 1980s. At present, China has built nearly 300 aircraft.

Jane: The meaning of enterprise archives:

1, which has the general properties of files. As a kind of archives, it should be the base for preserving enterprise archives and the center for enterprises to use archival historical materials;

2. Collect and manage enterprise files. Comprehensive libraries and professional libraries are different in the scope of collecting and keeping archives;

3. Mainly serve enterprises. As an internal organization of an enterprise, it must obey and serve the central work of the enterprise and serve the decision-making and management of the enterprise. The service direction and scope are mainly oriented to enterprises, but also to society.

Selection: the characteristics of enterprise archives;

1, comprehensive;

2. Professionalism.

Jane: The characteristics of enterprise archives:

1, comprehensive: it is the basis for keeping the archives of this enterprise. There are many kinds of files formed in enterprise management, and the contents collected are comprehensive.

2. Professionalism: Enterprise files are mainly scientific and technological files with outstanding professionalism, and their professional characteristics are different due to different types of enterprises.

The coexistence of comprehensiveness and professionalism determines that enterprise archives are different from national comprehensive archives and professional archives. It is unique in the scope of file collection, service direction and working methods.

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Jane: The role of enterprise archives:

1. As a member of the national archives network system, it is very necessary for enterprise archives to provide services for enterprises and all aspects of society as the utilization center of enterprise archives information.

2, responsible for the collection, sorting, identification, storage and statistics of the enterprise files.

3. Compiling and researching archival information and developing archival information resources.

4. Publicity and education functions. Enhance the file consciousness of enterprise managers and society.

Jane: Requirements for establishing enterprise files:

1, it must be large enterprises and enterprise groups, especially those with intensive capital and technology, closely related production processes and high requirements for specialized division of labor and economies of scale, as well as large enterprises in special industries and state monopoly industries.

2, its setting must take into account the basic situation of enterprise archives work.

3. The organization shall be the internal organization of the enterprise, and the funds shall be solved by the enterprise itself.

4. Trinity management can be considered when setting.

The archives of public institutions and enterprise libraries are similar in setting mode, and their basic nature and functions are also similar. At present, China is mainly a university archives.

Name: Archives: the internal organization that all organs keep and manage their archives in a unified way. It is an integral part of the whole organ and a professional organization with the nature of organ management and research and consultation. It is the most common, largest and grass-roots business organization in the national archives work organization system.

Jane: The nature of archives:

As the most basic business organization in the archival work system, it mainly has three attributes:

1, which is the internal organization of the organ;

2. It is a transitional institution for keeping archives;

The main task is to serve this institution.

Jane: The function of archives is twofold:

1 is a department with the functions of staff and consultation, an assistant to the work of the organ, and provides necessary archival information support for the management and functional activities of the organ.

2. It is the basis of national archives work. It is the source of continuous supplement of national archives, and it is the position where archives are first used and play a greater role in reality after they are formed. It is a transitional institution that keeps archives with long-term value in advance, creating conditions for archival work.

Jane: The task of the archives room is:

Its basic task is to centrally and uniformly manage all the archives of various categories and carriers formed by various departments of this organ, serve all the work of this organ, and accumulate archival historical materials for the party and the country.

Its specific tasks:

1, to guide and supervise the filing of documents and materials in the clerical department or business department of this organ;

2, responsible for the management of all the files and related information of the unit, and actively organize the use;

3. Regularly hand over files with long-term preservation value to the archives.