Methods and steps of brewing wine

The brewing method comprises the following steps:

1. Grape picking: Grapes for wine-making are picked from grapevines manually or mechanically, and the picking time varies with the place of origin, grape varieties and climatic conditions. The method of mechanical picking is rough, and it is usually only suitable for those strong and immature grapes. After the grapes are picked, they must go through the process of removing stems.

2. Squeezing: Many traditional small vineyards will press with their feet, which is especially common in Italy. Larger wineries will use machines to extract grape juice. People sometimes separate the juice from the solid components-pulp and peel-at the front, and sometimes mix them together. People usually refer to the latter impregnation process as "onthelees" of wine, and the finished product will have stronger taste, darker color and higher tannin content.

3. Fermentation: People will put the crushed grapes into a vat, add yeast and let it start to ferment-the yeast will swallow the sugar in the grapes and convert the sugar into alcohol. The more mature grapes are, the greater the sugar content is, and the higher the upper limit of alcohol content of finished products is.

4. Secondary fermentation: Some wines will undergo a secondary fermentation process, which is called malolacticfermentation, which can convert malic acid in wine into lactic acid, resulting in a softer and more palatable taste.

5. Filtering: Pump the wine into the filtering device to remove the dregs.

6. Ripe: Most red wines and some kinds of white wines will be stored in oak barrels for several months so that they can absorb a little oak flavor. In contrast, most white wines take a shorter time to mature-only a few weeks, using stainless steel barrels that do not add flavor.

7. Bottling: This may be a hectic process in the whole brewing process, especially when there are broken bottles on the assembly line. After bottling, some wines will enter the market directly, while others will go dormant and enter the next mature stage.