Disadvantages of traditional waste recycling model

In today's rapid development, many things are more and more convenient for people's lives. However, a lot of rubbish and pollution have also swept the city. In the street, there is rubbish and waste everywhere, which makes people feel bored immediately. Although there are trash cans in the street, people still don't know how to separate garbage from hunger.

I. Garbage classification

Each of us throws a lot of rubbish every day. Do you know where all this rubbish has gone? They are usually sent to landfills and then to landfills.

The cost of landfill is high, and the cost of treating one ton of garbage is about RMB from 200 yuan to 300 yuan. People consume a lot of resources, mass production and consumption, resulting in a lot of waste.

Landfill and composting are not the best ways to treat garbage. At present, China implements the policy of "sustainable development", and garbage sorting and recycling is the best treatment method, which not only saves resources, but also protects the environment.

At present, domestic garbage in China can be roughly divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.

1. Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, office paper, advertising paper, cartons and so on. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Plastics: mainly include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging materials, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly include cans, cans, toothpaste skins, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc. Comprehensive treatment and recycling can reduce pollution and save resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.

2. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots and leaves. After in-situ composting by biotechnology, 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.

3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.

4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.

Composition of domestic waste

Proportion (%)

Perishable garbage

4.83

waste

50.94

Slag gravel

6.35

dust

7.42

paper

13.60

cloth

0.97

plastic

12.02

rubber

0.72

metal

0.84

glass

1.00

Bamboo and wood

1.27

Second, the benefits of garbage sorting

Most of the garbage disposal methods still stay in the traditional stacking and landfill mode, covering tens of thousands of acres; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, classified collection of garbage can reduce the quantity and equipment of garbage disposal, reduce the disposal cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits. The advantages of garbage sorting treatment are as follows:

1, reducing land occupation: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 50%.

2. Reduce environmental pollution: waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human body; Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. So recycling can reduce the harm.

3. Turning waste into treasure: China uses 3 billion plastic snack boxes and 500-600 million instant noodle bowls every year, and waste plastic accounts for 3-7% of domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can recover 600kg of unleaded gasoline and diesel oil. Recycling 1500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down trees used to produce 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled, so we should cherish this small-scale and large-scale resource. You can also use cans as pencil boxes, which is environmentally friendly and saves resources.

Third, the status quo of garbage sorting and recycling in China

1, there is not a perfect and effective classification and recycling system.

At present, the disposal method of garbage sorting and recycling has not been widely implemented in China. In many cities, all kinds of garbage are transported to landfills for landfill or incineration. High cost and air pollution. Many provinces and cities do not have perfect recycling plans and routes for classified recycling, and the classification of garbage handled by equipment vehicles is not clear enough. At present, the country only pays attention to the classification of recyclable and non-recyclable garbage, and there are few types and quantities of trash cans on the street. People don't know how to deal with other garbage, which leads to mixed garbage and can't achieve the purpose of classification. No city in China implements garbage sorting, and people have not formed the habit of garbage sorting. Moreover, after garbage sorting, the state has no facilities and departments specifically responsible for this part, nor has it appointed special personnel to regularly clean and sort household garbage, and the working methods are not very scientific. The state has not formulated special policies, nor allocated funds for garbage sorting. The country is not very concerned about the benefits of garbage sorting. In China, garbage sorting has not become a fixed way to deal with garbage.

2. People's awareness of garbage sorting and recycling is very weak.

At present, only some cities have garbage sorting, and the government has not made great efforts to publicize it. Under normal circumstances, the garbage should be classified by the residents themselves, and then the government will assign special personnel to be responsible for the removal and secondary classification, and finally all kinds of garbage will be treated. However, from the first step, we have a problem. Residents have no idea about the contents of all kinds of garbage, let alone the classification of garbage. The government lacks the introduction and publicity of household garbage sorting and recycling. Public garbage also knows to be classified, but most people don't care. They just throw rubbish on the ground. For example, the compulsory plastic bag policy is not very effective. Many people continue to use substandard plastic bags, and people have no knowledge of plastic pollution. The government should formally tell everyone about the classification of domestic waste and ban the knowledge of plastic bags in the media. For example, in the news, let the host report the necessity and related knowledge of this policy. If we just shout slogans and come up with several policies, there will be no fundamental change. Be sure to let everyone know the relevant knowledge and know why. Changing people's concept of "none of their business" can change bad habits a little bit. In order to recycle nature, live in a clean environment.

3. Is the cost of garbage sorting and recycling higher than the profit?

Cost of each treatment link in the case of classified treatment and comprehensive utilization (yuan/ton)

According to the cost of various unclassified treatment methods and the increase and decrease ratio of various costs after classification, the cost of each link of classified treatment and comprehensive utilization is calculated.

The cost of each link of classified treatment and comprehensive utilization is listed.

fixed cost

variable cost

total cost

Product income

net profit

compost

4 1.3 (decrease by 30%)

23.4% (up 40%)

64.7

70 (an increase of 6 times)

5.3

Be lit

65 (unchanged)

89.6 (30% reduction)

154.6

194 (increased by 2 times)

39.4

Fill in waste

9 people (40%)

5.0 (50% reduction)

14

0.3 (halved)

- 13.7

Income per ton of garbage generated by classified treatment and comprehensive utilization

Processing capacity (ton)

Net income (yuan)

recover

0. 1409

57.67

compost

0.2789

1.48

Be lit

0. 1 173

4.62

Fill in waste

0.4662

6.39

From the table analysis, it can be seen that the cost of garbage sorting and recycling is much lower than that of incineration compost, but the process is complicated and takes a long time. Therefore, the government does not attach importance to this kind of garbage disposal, and thinks that this kind of classified recycling does more harm than good, so it spends less money and energy in this part. But from the perspective of national interests, collective interests and long-term interests, from the perspective of sustainable development, the advantages of garbage sorting and recycling outweigh the disadvantages! Because recyclable garbage can be reused, it not only saves resources but also protects the environment; Kitchen waste can be recycled as livestock feed; Hazardous waste recycling can prevent human and environmental pollution; Most of the components in other garbage can also be recycled. If the money and time spent are insignificant compared with these advantages. In the future, social resources will be less and less, or even exhausted, so how will our future generations live? Then compared with these, what we are doing now is so valuable that the state must attach importance to it and do it as an important thing.

abstract

China's garbage sorting and recycling still lacks the support of the state and the government. The profit of garbage sorting is generally reflected in two aspects: recycling and saving the cost of force. The common practice abroad is waste recycling, that is, a ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. There are still three questions. The most important thing is that people lack knowledge and learning about garbage sorting and recycling, and the state lacks compulsory legal support and vigorous publicity in this regard. Therefore, it has caused a situation that only slogans and banners are shouted, but they cannot be implemented.

Four. Classification and recovery of garbage in various countries in the world

1, recycling situation

As an industry, garbage recycling has developed rapidly. In many developed countries, recycling industry plays an increasingly important role in the national industrial structure. Take Baltimore, Washington and Richmond as examples. In the past, it cost $40 to recycle 1 ton of garbage. After sorting, these recycled garbage created 5 100 jobs in 1995. In the United States, these three cities are only a small area, and their garbage recycling not only saves the cost of garbage disposal, but also creates a wealth of 500 million US dollars.

The United States, known as a big garbage producer, has gradually penetrated into the lives of citizens. Walking on the street, you can see all kinds of colorful classified trash cans everywhere.

The government provides various conveniences for garbage sorting. In addition to setting up classified garbage bins on both sides of the street, each community regularly sends special personnel to clear and transport the classified garbage of each household.

Residents also expressed great support for the government's garbage sorting work. This is not only reflected in their familiarity with garbage classification knowledge; Moreover, the garbage sorting payment here is as natural as drinking clean tap water.

Garbage sorting is not only a fashion in developed countries like the United States, but also a trend in many developing countries. In Brazil, many communities carry out garbage sorting, and the mayor regards the sorting trash can at the main entrance of the city hall as the glory of the city. In more than 20 beaches nearby, sorting garbage bins is more like a beautiful landscape.

In some areas of the Philippines, villagers spontaneously organized themselves to clean their living environment, and garbage sorting was the main content of this movement.

Regardless of poor countries or rich countries, garbage sorting is becoming a worldwide trend. However, China, once a world leader in this field, almost lost this good tradition. Garbage sorting is no stranger to thrifty people in China. Perhaps you still remember the scene of waste recycling in 1950s and 1960s: toothpaste peels were reserved for recycling, orange peels were used for pharmacy, and biological wastes were used for composting, waste cloth ends, ink bottles and so on, all of which can be reused. The sorted garbage not only avoids the pollution of garbage, but also provides raw materials for industry and agriculture.

Now that our life is better, we are no longer stingy with the few cents we earn from selling second-hand goods. The traditional virtues of thrift and waste utilization of the Chinese nation are being lost. Each of us is a producer and a victim of garbage, but we should be a manager of garbage pollution. Each of us can overcome garbage pollution through garbage sorting.

2. Successful cases of waste classification management in some countries.

(1) German waste sorting treatment

No country in the world strictly sorts and recycles waste plastic products, cans, green and white bottles and paper like Germany.

Waste paper (blue bucket): newspapers, magazines, cardboard, envelopes (without windows), egg boxes (paper) and toilet paper. Do not belong to this category: coated paper, waste paper (such as used paper towels and toilet paper) and holiday paper.

Yellow trash can: plastic, aluminum, beverage cans, tinplate, foam plastic, beverage boxes, composite materials, yogurt cups, butter and cream boxes. Do not belong to this category: holiday paper, paper-> blue bucket, glass bottle-> In glass recycling bucket, blue glass bottle belongs to green glass recycling bucket.

Kitchen waste (black trash can): bread, meat, fish, orange peel, leftover food, porcelain, toys, mirrors, holiday paper, used paper (such as paper towels), dust bag of vacuum cleaner (including dust). The garbage belonging to the black trash can is non-special garbage that cannot be reused (this item is related to rent).

Fertilizer recovery: vegetable waste, lettuce leaves, potato skin, stone, peanut shell, egg shell, banana skin (without trademark), coffee, tea residue, coffee filter paper, flower paste and garden waste. Do not belong to this category: orange peel (because it decays too slowly), bread (to avoid rats), meat, sausage, meatballs, leftovers, cheese, fish ash, charcoal cigarette plastic, paper vacuum cleaner dust bag, holiday paper, plastic bags, and beverage cans.

Limit garbage: furniture, mattresses, bookshelves, carpets, boxes, and throw them on the roadside according to a fixed recycling time. Batteries have special collection places, such as supermarkets selling batteries.

Large electrical appliances: collected by private companies according to specific time, free telephone consultation.

Collection method: mobile pollutant collection: container landfill, which is used to collect pollutants from local retailers and in spring and autumn. Contaminated products are always put in the original packaging with labels. Don't mix different substances.

Special garbage must be notified to the garbage collection department in advance. They will tell you when you can throw it and someone will pick it up at the appointed time and place.

(2) The ultimate Japanese waste classification

Foreigners who have just arrived in Japan will be impressed by its amazing garbage classification. At first glance, Japan's garbage classification has the following characteristics.

First, fine classification and timely recovery. The largest categories are combustible, nonflammable, resources and coarse garbage, and then subdivided into several sub-projects, each of which can be subdivided into grandson projects, and so on. A few years ago, Yokohama further subdivided the garbage classification from the original five categories into ten categories, and distributed a 27-page manual to every citizen, with a total of 5 18 items. Try a few examples: lipstick is flammable, but the lipstick tube used is small metal; The kettle belongs to metal, but 12 inch belongs to small metal, and more than 12 inch belongs to big waste; Socks, if one is combustible, if two are "not worn out, and the left and right feet are matched", are old materials; Ties are also old materials, but only if they are "washed and dried". However, this is a drop in the bucket compared with Shangsheng Town in Tokushima Prefecture. The town divides the garbage into 44 categories and plans to achieve the goal of "zero garbage" by 2020.

In terms of recycling, some communities have a row of classified garbage bins, while others have no garbage bins. Instead, it is stipulated that specific garbage bags should be placed in specific places at specific times of the week and taken away by special personnel in time. For example, in the port area of Tokyo, combustible garbage is collected every Wednesday and Saturday morning, non-combustible garbage is collected on Monday morning, and resource garbage is collected on Tuesday morning. Many communities stipulate to throw garbage before 8 am, and some relax to noon, but they are all taken away on the same day to avoid polluting the environment or attracting pests and crows.

Second, management is in place and measures are appropriate.

When foreigners arrive in Japan, they must register with the local government, and then they often get local regulations on littering. When you live in a rented house, the landlord may also hand over the keys to the garbage disposal regulations. At the end of the year, some administrative districts will issue calendars to residents for the next year. Some dates are marked with colors such as yellow, green, blue, etc. Each color is shown below to represent which kind of garbage can be thrown on which day. In some public places, you will often see a row of trash cans, which read: paper cups, flammable materials, plastic, and Japanese, English, Chinese and Korean are written on each trash can.

Third, everyone should be careful.

Good habits are not formed in a day. Japanese children have been taught by their parents and schools how to deal with garbage correctly since childhood. If you don't throw garbage according to the regulations, you may be dissuaded by government officials and pressured by public opinion around you. Japanese residents are meticulous in littering, and they are very strict: waste newspapers and books should be bundled neatly, garbage with moisture should be drained, sharp objects should be wrapped in paper, and used spray cans should be punched to prevent explosion.

Fourth, waste utilization, energy conservation and environmental protection.

After the sorted garbage is recycled by a special person, the newspaper is sent to a paper mill to produce recycled paper. Many Japanese people are proud that their business cards are printed with "Use recycled paper". Beverage containers are sent to relevant factories respectively to become renewable resources; Waste electrical appliances are sent to professional companies for decomposition; Combustible garbage can be used as fertilizer after burning; Noncombustible garbage can be used as resource-based raw materials after compression and harmless treatment. The packaging box of Japanese goods has been marked with what kind of garbage it belongs to, and there are even hints on the milk box: wash it, open it, dry it, fold it and throw it away.

In terms of garbage sorting, Japan is at the forefront of the world. This is just a repeat of a success story. Looking back on the decades after the war, Japan aimed at the peak of technology and caught up. "Made in Japan" has finally reached the position of a proud world. Japanese people have a strong sense of urgency, and often think of one crisis as ten, and they are killed and born later. The severe environmental pollution in the 1960s "forced" the first-class environmental protection technology, and the profound oil crisis in the 1970s gave birth to the best energy-saving technology. In the process of overcoming crisis after crisis, Japan has surpassed other advanced countries one by one.

A Japanese has been stationed in western Europe for a long time. He talked about the "embarrassment" that it is difficult to buy gifts when visiting relatives in China every year. This is because his relatives and friends have changed from the initial pursuit of Western European products to world-class domestic products like seiko watch, Toyota and Nikon cameras. This achievement not only has an efficient and reasonable management system, but also depends on the spirit and motivation of the general public. The seriousness of garbage sorting is undoubtedly the most brilliant part.

The Japanese are the most earnest and meticulous, which is vividly demonstrated in many aspects. For example, the floor tiles on the sidewalks of various business districts in Tokyo will not collapse unevenly for decades, and architects require that the invisible places such as the back of the stair blank should be neat and smooth, and so on.

Revelation:

A wise man corrects his own mistakes through the mistakes of others. The above examples of Germany and Japan give us a lot of inspiration. As far as garbage classification is concerned, the hardware in most parts of China is far from it, but the bigger gap is probably in the software, that is, the government and the public's understanding of garbage classification, the government's system construction of garbage classification, and the conscientious and meticulous spirit and consciousness of environmental protection and energy conservation of every citizen. From this point of view, only when we abandon the troublesome concept, thinking habits and low standards of being content with the middle stream can we catch up with the world's advanced level in garbage classification, eliminate the "three cares" dead angle in urban management, and have someone to control the dirty, chaotic and poor phenomena. From this perspective, garbage classification undoubtedly sets a benchmark for us to build a civilized city and cultivate civilized consciousness-environmental protection.

2.65438-0998 Data analysis of garbage recovery rate in some countries and regions.

countries and regions

recovery rate

United States of America

45.2

Canada

4 1.8

Germany

70.7

France

43.7

Japan

54

South Korea

73.8

Taiwan, China

57.7

China

26.4

Verb (abbreviation of verb) What shall we do?

Through investigation and analysis, it can be found that there is a big gap between China's waste classification management and other countries. We can learn from the successful management experience of Germany and Japan, so we should do a lot. From the national point of view, strict laws should be made to force people to deal with garbage classification, policies and requirements should be promulgated, and economic investment in this area should be increased. We should use the media to publicize this knowledge and let people establish the awareness of garbage classification and recycling. From the government's point of view, it is necessary to be more detailed and specific, with fine classification and timely recovery, subdivide the garbage categories from the original five categories into more than ten categories, and issue a garbage classification knowledge manual to every citizen to clarify its terms. When foreigners arrive in their own country, they must register with the local government, and then they often get local regulations on littering. When they live in a rented house, the landlord may hand in the keys together with the garbage disposal regulations. At the end of the year, the administrative region will make a summary and evaluation, formulate a perfect garbage truck driving route and the location and management of garbage collection points, and increase management personnel. It is necessary to develop a good habit of attacking the door and educate children from parents and schools to properly handle garbage. If you don't throw garbage according to the regulations, you may be dissuaded by government officials and pressured by public opinion around you. So as to form a good recycling way and method and establish a good flow and order.