Buyi art

A wooden/bamboo house supported by wooden supports, with ladders extending upward.

Buyi folk houses living in Nanpanjiang River valley in Guizhou are mostly diaojiao buildings, which were called Gan Lan in ancient times. There are animals and sundries under the building, and people live upstairs. Buyi people in Huangguoshu Waterfall use local materials, make use of local rich thin stone materials, and rebuild slate houses on the basis of dry fence buildings. Except for purlins and rafters, the whole house is made of slate. Coming to Buyi village is like entering a magical stone kingdom. This kind of house is neat and beautiful, warm in winter and cool in summer, windproof, rainproof and fireproof. Hongshui River Basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.

Shibanfang

The notable feature of Shibanfang Buyi folk houses is that they live by mountains and rivers. Most of the residential buildings are dry-column buildings or semi-buildings (buildings in front of the first half and bungalows behind the second half). Buyi areas such as Zhenning and Anshun in Guizhou are rich in high-quality stone, and there are also large flat stone slabs that can be uncovered layer by layer and have a basically uniform thickness. This thin stone comes from water-bearing shale. According to local conditions, the local Buyi people used local materials to build slate houses with national characteristics. Stone slab houses are made of stone strips or stones, and the wall height can reach five or six meters; Covering the roof with slate, paving it in a neat diamond shape or paving it in a scale shape with materials, the stone house is not only impervious to wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, with a light roof, easy to live and no sense of oppression. In a word, except sandalwood rafters are made of wood, the rest are made of stone, and even tables, stools, stoves, bowls, bowls, grinders, troughs, altars and basins used in daily life are made of stone. Everything is simple and honest. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is moisture-proof and fire-proof, but the lighting is poor.

Shilou

In Chengguan Town, where the county seat of Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County is located, most houses are made of stone, and there are dozens of stone buildings with three or four floors. Because the stone is pale gray, it is more crystal clear and clean after processing, so when you look at Zhenning during the day, the silver light flashes; Looking at Zhenning on a moonlit night, the frost covers the snow. Because of this, it was called "Yinzhenning" and "Yinzhenning" in ancient times. The stone buildings in this town have a long history of more than 600 years, which is both solidified music and immortal epic. The batik of Buyi nationality has a long reputation. As early as the Song Dynasty, batik cloth was recorded, which is a specialty of Huishui in Guizhou. The "blue and white cloth" mentioned in the history books of Qing Dynasty is batik cloth. Buyi girls began to learn batik from their mothers at the age of 12 or 13. First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, then dipped in the wax juice with a triangular copper wax knife, and various beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully drawn on the self-woven white cloth, and then dyed in indigo vats to be blue or light blue. Finally, the cloth is boiled to remove beeswax, fished out, washed repeatedly in the river and dried to form a unique batik handicraft. Many of them are now on display in Beijing Museum.

Batik cloth is rich and concise in patterns, lively and bold in painting, and presents unique turtle patterns (also known as small ripples), which has artistic effects that cannot be replaced by machines.

Different regions have different styles of batik art: some like to use flowers, birds, insects and fish as batik patterns, which are bold in composition and vivid in image; Some are characterized by rigorous structure and delicate lines; Some of them are made of dragon claw flowers and tribulus terrestris flowers, with rough and bright colors ... Batik art not only beautifies people's lives, but also enriches the costumes of Chinese and foreign women.

In the past 20 years, some batik factories have been built in Guizhou, and special art designers have created and drawn new patterns. The images of various figures and animals are richer and the colors tend to be diversified.

Batik cloth is mostly used for women's headscarves, dresses, waists and quilts, door curtains and curtains. Some of them have a high level of craftsmanship, and their designs are very novel and exquisite. They are also used as art wall hangings to decorate living rooms and hotels. Buyi women also add embroidery to batik dresses, which is more charming.

Besides batik, traditional Buyi folk crafts include tie-dyeing, brocade, embroidery, wood carving, stone carving and bamboo weaving. Buyi people take rice and corn as the staple food, supplemented by wheat, sorghum, potatoes and beans. There are wooden pots, cauldrons for cooking, braised rice in oil, two-in-one rice (rice mixed with crushed corn, also called corn rice), corn rice cakes, rice noodles, two rice cakes, pea powder, rice tofu and other varieties. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice dumplings and sesame oil dumplings are the most famous, which are mostly used for ancestor worship or banquets.

Their meat mainly comes from livestock and poultry, and they also like to prey on squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo worms. Cooking methods are mostly burning, boiling, frying, frying, salting and freezing, and generally do not eat raw food.

Wine plays an important role in the daily life of Buyi people. After the autumn harvest every year, every household will brew a lot of rice wine and store it for drinking all year round. Buyi people like to entertain guests with wine. No matter how much you drink, as long as you arrive, you always put wine first and call it welcome wine. When drinking, use bowls instead of cups, guess fists and sing.

Buyi people have many traditional snacks, good at making rice noodles, two pieces of rice cakes, pea powder, rice tofu and so on. Buyi people are generous and hospitable, which is characterized by grand festivals such as February 2nd, March 3rd, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6th, July 30th and Mid-Autumn Festival. On April 8, many Buyi people dyed glutinous rice into colorful flowers with various plant branches and leaves such as Liquidambar formosana leaves, yellow rice flowers and dyed flowers. Buyi people are hospitable, generous and sincere. Anyone who comes to the cottage, relatives and friends of old friends and strangers, will treat each other with wine. Buyi people are very polite and don't welcome abusive and rude guests.

Buyi families live separately. However, despite the separation of brothers, when distributing property, parents should be left to support the old-age fields, and brothers should take turns farming. After the death of parents, the old-age field became a graveyard for tomb sweeping. So that future generations will always remember the trust and kindness of their elders. On New Year's Day, we don't unpack, sweep the floor, comb our hair or dry our clothes. Don't break the ground from the first day to the third day, and don't move the knife on the fifteenth day of the first month. This food can only be twisted by hand. It is forbidden to bury graves in front of or behind the village. No outsiders are allowed to enter the village when sweeping the village, and no outsiders are allowed to enter the house when exorcising ghosts. Married girls are forbidden to have children in their parents' homes. If there is a pregnant woman at home, hang a red cloth and hat at the door, refuse people to enter the house, and do not allow men to enter the room where women give birth. It is forbidden to whistle and sing love songs in the house. People who die abnormally, don't beat drums to mourn.

When visiting Buyi people's homes, you are not allowed to touch shrines and shrines, and the tripod next to the fireplace is not allowed to be trampled. Buyi people are used to drinking for their guests, who drink more or less. It is forbidden for anyone to touch and cut down the mountain god tree and the big arhat tree in Buyi village. Buyi ceremony must be even. When a child is sickly, his parents will find him a protector, michel platini and godmother. There are two ways to find michel platini and dopted mother: one is to wait at home one day, and the first person to come to the door within three days is the child's protector; Second, on an auspicious day, parents lead their children and wait for the first passerby on the road, which is the protector. Some Buyi people do not eat dog meat. One explanation is that dogs once saved their ancestors, and the other is that there was no rice before. It was the dog who brought the rice back to the Buyi people from the God's grain drying field, making the Buyi people the earliest "rice people" to grow rice. Some Buyi people don't eat fish, because it is said that the earliest mother of Buyi people is the dragon king's daughter-God Fish.