What are the snack practices in various countries?

I'm a chef. I know how to make some. It is a waste of time for you. I hope you can understand the answer I gave you ... Barbecued pork buns.

Guiyuan gourmet snacks

The basic materials are barbecued pork, salt, pepper, onion, ginger, soy sauce and flour.

Exercise:

(1) Cut the barbecued pork into small pieces, mince the onion and ginger, and add the soy sauce and salt into the into the pit; Add sugar, warm water and baking powder to the flour and keep it for two hours. Add sesame oil and white sugar at the beginning of the dough.

(2) Divide the flour into components, roll it into skin with thick middle and thin sides, wrap the barbecued pork and minced onion and ginger into steamed bread, and steam for 15 minutes.

Vegetable head pot (radish cake)

The basic characteristics are crisp outside and tender inside, and the taste is fragrant but not sweet.

Basic materials: radish, sausage, shrimp, mushrooms, celery, monosodium glutamate, salt, pepper, rice paste and potato powder.

Folk snacks. Also known as radish cake. Vegetable head is the common name of radish, and vegetable head pot is a kind of local rice cake in Chaoshan, which is steamed by every household during the New Year. When making, first scrape the rough skin of radish, cut it into shreds, stir-fry it in a small pot until it is soft, add sausage, shrimp, mushrooms and celery, add proper amount of monosodium glutamate, refined salt and pepper, mix well with rice paste and potato powder, then steam it in a steamer (first put cloth on the bottom of the cage) until it doesn't stick to your hands when inserting chopsticks. Another method: the shredded radish is not fried, but directly mixed with rice flour and other ingredients, mixed with water, and steamed in a steamer. When eating, cut the cauliflower into pieces, put it in a pot and fry it until golden brown. The head of the vegetable is crisp outside and tender inside, and it tastes fragrant but not sweet.

Steamed vermicelli roll

The basic materials are starch, chestnut powder, salt, Chili sauce and coriander.

prepare

(1) Mix the starch into paste with warm water, pour in chestnut powder and salt, add water and knead thoroughly, and let it stand for 2 hours;

2. Rub the dough into strips, pick them into embryos, then press them into skins and roll them into rolls; Leave it for 2-3 minutes, steam it with boiling water 15 minutes, take it out and sprinkle with Chili sauce and coriander.

Boat porridge:

In Liwan, vendors use boats to handle porridge. The traditional method of cooking porridge by boat is to put the processed porridge materials such as fish fillets, shrimps, shredded sea cucumbers, fried peanuts, fried noodles, shredded ginger and shredded onion into a bowl, and then scoop the boiled rice porridge into the bowl. Boat porridge is fast and convenient, full of flavor, fresh and delicious, quenching thirst and satisfying hunger, and is deeply loved by people.

Raw porridge:

Add fresh meat to the pre-cooked porridge bottom and cook it bowl by bowl, which is "raw porridge" Raw porridge is a general term. According to different materials, there are beef porridge, sliced pork porridge, fish porridge, slippery chicken porridge, stone porridge, frog porridge and so on. The bottom of the porridge is rice porridge, which is made of scallops, native fish or pig bones.

Crab dumplings

Raw materials:

1. Skinning materials: 500g flour, 25g dough, appropriate amount of boiled noodles (50g flour mixed with 50g boiling water), alkali 1.5g, and clear water 100g.

2. Stuffing: agar paste 1000g, minced pork 200g, minced fresh shrimp 150g, minced cooked shrimp 75g, diced mushroom 50g, minced crab 50g, monosodium glutamate, refined salt, soy sauce, cooked lard, sesame oil, pepper and sugar.

Method:

1. Knead 500g medium gluten flour and other tanning materials into dough until smooth, then cover with a wet towel and let stand15min.

2. Mix all kinds of fillings evenly and put them in the refrigerator 1 hour for later use.

3. Pick a small amount of dough, roll it very thin, wrap it in 1 serving of stuffing, knead it into jiaozi shape, put it in a small cage with lotus leaves and steam it in a boiling pot.

Features: this product is similar to egg yolk, with thin skin, soft, tough, smooth and tender, delicious and fragrant, and is a good Cantonese dim sum in tea market.

Lingjiao cake

Raw materials: 750g water chestnut powder, 250g water chestnut meat, 250g white sugar, 0/5g lard/kloc-,and a small amount of edible red pigment.

Method:

1, cut water chestnut meat into thin slices.

2. Mix water chestnut powder with sugar and water, divide into 8 bowls, and add a little edible red pigment to 4 bowls, and mix well for later use.

3. Take a 1 square plate, brush a layer of lard, pour in a bowl of water chestnut powder without pigment, spread a layer of water chestnut slices on it, steam it in a steamer for about 7 minutes, then take it out and pour in a bowl of water chestnut powder with red pigment for steaming; According to this method, spread layer by layer, steam and take out.

Features: This product is red and white, sweet, crisp and refreshing.

Pork biscuit

manufacturing method

Cut the sugar fat into particles the size of white beans. Almonds, walnuts and elemene are all cut into particles the size of red beans. Put the white flour, sugar, mung bean powder and fat particles on the table and mix well. Then add the particles of elemene, melon seeds, walnuts, sesame seeds, south milk, salt and Shaoxing wine, and knead into dough.

The method of making pastry crust is to mix white flour and maltose and knead them into flour dough, and then divide them into small flour dough. Each small dough is kneaded into a round dough and wrapped with a layer of stuffing. The joints should be sealed to prevent the stuffing from coming out. After wrapping, put it into the egg cake model, compact it by hand, and then tap the mold to seal it, and the egg cake will be demoulded. Finally, put the egg cake into an iron baking tray, coat the cake with a layer of egg yolk water, put it into a heating oven, and bake at 250 degrees for about 15 minutes. When the cake is golden yellow, it can be taken out.

Shuochaoshan snacks

There have always been two attitudes towards eating, one is "eat well" and the other is "delicious". "Eating well" means being full and nutritious, and meeting people's physiological needs. "Delicious" means paying attention to the taste of food, which is a kind of enjoyment and belongs to the spiritual level. Snacks are delicious food. What is a snack? Snacks are snacks other than meals, that is, "snacks". They only touch the heart, not the stomach. In the face of snacks other than dinner, you can choose to eat or not. You don't have to care about quantity and quality, only about delicious food. From this perspective, pure food should be snacks and the like.

In the past, Chaoshan people used to greet people with "eat well", which shows that eating was a problem at that time. Not many people greet people like this now. With the progress of the times, we have basically solved the problem of food and clothing. People are not satisfied with filling their stomachs, but want to eat more tastefully and emotionally. Therefore, it is a fashionable topic to talk about consumption after food and clothing, snacks and delicious food.

Looking back on the course of holding Chaoshan Food Festival in Shantou, we can also see the development trend of food consumption. From 65438 to 0988, Shantou began to hold Chaoshan Food Festival, which has been held for 8 times so far. At first, the highlight of the activity was to exchange cooking skills and evaluate them in various restaurants as Chaozhou cuisine for dinner. Of course, we are facing industries and high-consumption classes. From 65438 to 0999, the fifth Chaoshan Food Festival began to try to play Chaoshan snacks. In the flavor hall of the hotel, snacks from all over Chaoshan are displayed in front of the public and are unexpectedly welcomed. The results were out of control, and the Chaoshan Food Festival held Chaoshan snack temple fairs and tasting activities in the open-air square, and each session was a hot scene. This shows that people are more and more inclined to pursue food enjoyment on the premise of "eating well".

Chaoshan is one of the famous snack areas. Many snacks are not only loved by local people, but also popular in other places. Eight kinds of Chaoshan snacks were awarded the title of "Chinese Famous Snacks" at the National Excellent Snacks Variety Appraisal Meeting-"Chinese Famous Snacks Commendation Conference". Why are Chaoshan snacks so attractive? What are its characteristics?

First, it is natural to be born in poverty.

China's countless local snacks or snacks are either born out of the palace or made by the people. Chaoshan snacks, almost all of which are folk original, have been circulated among the people. This is determined by the fact that Chaoshan is located in the "corner of the country at the end of the province" in history, far from the national political center, the commercial society formed late and the social wealth was not high. Here are some Chaoshan snacks in hand: Xitianxiang Oyster Roast, Goose Goose, Elder Sister's Pig's Foot Rice, and Mother's Gong Zongqiu. Which name is not simple and straightforward, and the local flavor is tangy. Throughout Chaoshan snacks, there are roughly three channels for their formation.

1. Hail to God

With the hot and humid climate along the Chaoshan coast, people are prone to get sick. In addition, offshore operations are risky, labor and harvest are out of proportion, and there are many unexpected factors. When people can't predict their own destiny, they often pin their hopes on the blessing of the gods. In addition, in the era of material scarcity, people can also give themselves a reason to improve their lives with the help of worship activities. Therefore, the old Chaoshan folk custom has the characteristics of many seasons and many gods. Many Chaoshan snacks were originally sacrificial offerings, such as "colored head fruit" (meaning "colored head") and "sweet fruit" in the Spring Festival, "Mianxian" (meaning "longevity") in Mazu's birthday, "Zongqiu" in the Dragon Boat Festival and "moon cake" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. As the saying goes, "when the season is ripe, it is mature."

Step 2 supplement snacks for dinner

Unlike Cantonese dim sum, these Chaoshan snacks are refreshments for the leisure class to pass the time, but snacks for rural towns to work hard to satisfy their hunger. Hipsters are used to eating porridge, for one thing, there was not enough food earlier, and for another, the climate was natural. People who do rough work can't stand a sweat after eating several bowls of porridge in the morning. They were hungry before dinner. At this time, meeting a food stall porter coming across the street is like finding a savior. He can use a few cents to supplement his physical strength and meet his temporary needs. At that time, there were grass cakes (bean jelly), bean curd and various sweet soups in summer to cool off the heat. There are hot beef ball soup, leek and water chestnut in winter. You don't need a spoon to eat hay Pick up a shallow bowl, spin it around the bowl with your mouth and wipe your mouth with a cloth. Cool! Beef balls were originally Hakka snacks. After Shantou opened its port, mountain products went abroad, foreign goods entered the mountains, and the water traffic was busy. The Handi area of Shantou used to be the berth of Hakka cargo ships, and many Hakka cargo ships stopped there for the night. In the evening, a Hakka rowed a boat to sell beef ball soup as a snack to the cargo ship owner. Later, beef balls were reformed and innovated by Chaoshan people, and kway teow was added to the soup to become beef ball kway teow, which is still a favorite snack of Chaoshan people until now. Later, fish balls, shrimp balls, cuttlefish balls, pork balls and so on were cloned, creating the "meatball series" in Chaoshan. The "Xinxing Street Beef Ball" in "Chinese Famous Snacks" is made by Shantou people. Now when it comes to beef balls, everyone thinks it's a tide, but it's actually a product of the utility of hipsters. The ingenuity of hipsters is vividly displayed in a small ball.

3. Home-cooked snacks

The most delicious snacks are all kinds of home-cooked dishes made by Chaoshan clever wives to alleviate children's hunger. Such as pumpkin, autumn melon and tomato. In the old society, children clamored for "cakes" before the season, so the daughter-in-law at home had to find a way to send these greedy children away. Some farmers in Chaoshan rural areas have sweet potato powder. They picked the fruits and vegetables grown in their own fields, mixed them together and fried them in oil, which became a unique snack. When I was a child, I ate the "cold porridge" cooked by my grandmother with sweet potato powder mixed with cold porridge for the night. This is really unique.

There is a snack called "pig's head zongzi", which is said to be made unintentionally by Chenghai people. In the early years, Chenghai countryside had the custom of having a Lantern Festival pig race. Every seafood family has to kill pigs to worship their ancestors. After a ancestor worship, the rest of the pig's head could not be eaten for a while, so they chopped the pig's head meat and made it into "pig's head jiaozi" with seasoning, which was particularly delicious. So it spread and became a flavor snack.

Chaoshan snacks entered the market as commodities in the 1920s and 1930s, which was the heyday of Shantou's commercial economy. At that time, the small park was crowded with shops, restaurants and hotels, forming a typical consumer market. As a kind of food, Chaoshan snacks can naturally find their place here. For example, the time-honored Aixi Regan Noodles, delicious snacks, Xitianxiang oyster roast and Ma Lao Gongzongqiu all entered the small park at that time. As mentioned above, snacks have more cultural significance in diet, so they can easily become symbols of local culture and are deeply imprinted in people's minds. Have you found that when many hipsters living overseas arrive in Shantou, the first thing they do is to go straight to the small park and have a delicious Chaoshan snack in the old snack bar, so as to overcome the lingering homesickness.

Chaoshan snacks are rooted in the people. They are not attached to officialdom culture and scholar-bureaucrat culture. Since their birth, they have spread among the people in a natural manner, which conforms to the natural law of natural selection. Therefore, we can taste so many local snacks now.

Second, the materials are simple and the taste is unique.

Guangdong dim sum is famous for its foreign flavor, such as cream buns, egg tarts and barbecued pork buns. Shanghai snacks are famous for seafood, such as crab roe soup packets and minced fish spring rolls. Northern snacks are mainly pasta. Chaoshan snacks are nothing without rice. The word "pot" in Chaoshan dialect summarizes the main raw materials of Chaoshan snacks. In Chaoshan Dictionary, the word "fruit" is interpreted as a kind of fruit with rice flour as the skin and stuffing. Leek buns are called "rice-free buns" because the skin is sweet potato powder and the stuffing is vegetables, which shows the position of rice in snacks. Earlier, the ancestors of Chaoshan moved south from the Central Plains to Chaoshan. According to the custom of ancestral home, pasta is a fruit for ancestor worship, and wheat is not produced in the south, so rice can only be used as fruit. This is the origin of "country". Later, the raw materials and practices of sacrificial food continued to innovate and develop, and people called all sacrificial bags "pots". It's amazing that hipsters use rice as a snack. It can be a kind of raw material that is both skin and stuffing-"Bao Fan". If there is a snack called "Guo Tao", it is not only boring, but also delicious with glutinous rice flour as the skin and glutinous rice as the stuffing.

Chaoshan is rich in sweet potatoes, which are flat and cheap crops and are also widely used in snacks. Sweet potato powder can be used as the skin of snacks, such as "crystal ball" and "leek cake" with sweet and salty stuffing. It can also be mixed with fruits and steamed into "Maling potato cake", "taro cake" and "horseshoe cake". It can also be made into "cake baked sweet potato" and "sweet potato soup". Although sweet potato comes from humble origins, it is a big family in Chaoshan snacks.

Different from Shanghai and other coastal areas, Chaoshan snacks use less seafood, such as lobster, shark's fin and crab. One of the reasons is that the Chaoshan climate is hot and seafood is difficult to store. In addition, it is also caused by its civilian characteristics.

Coastal areas are rich in oysters, but only Chaoshan-"roasted oysters" makes oysters into delicious snacks. Its practice is also very simple, that is, the sweet potato powder and oysters are mixed and fried into cakes, and duck eggs are poured on them, but the taste is extremely unique, crisp outside and tender inside, and it has become a famous snack.

Look at Chaoshan snacks, mainly vegetarian, with few fish. Its material selection is simple, and most of them are common crops-rice, sweet potatoes and vegetables, but it has won people's favor with its unique pastoral flavor and is deeply loved by people from all walks of life because of its low price.

Third, it is delicious and interesting.

Since Chaoshan snacks are not "good to eat" but "delicious", people should pay attention to their formal beauty while paying attention to food. In the past, people liked to stick paper-cuts on various tributes when offering sacrifices to gods in Chaoshan countryside. Some animal patterns we saw in Chaoshan folk traditional paper-cut were used to decorate certain foods in the old days, such as geese, fish and pigs. Its purpose is nothing more than to make God favor those things that have been decorated, hoping that his wish can be realized. This is also one of the origins of human culture and art. The Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai has the content of praying for scholars to learn, and the Mid-Autumn Festival has a strong cultural flavor. The moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival look particularly beautiful. People use glutinous rice, mung beans, sesame seeds, peanuts and so on. As raw materials, and printed with pomegranate, Aquarius, butterfly, magpie and other symbols of good luck, peace, happiness and wishful thinking to make cakes. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, every family member has to make a sacrifice to enjoy the moon. Mooncakes and fruits in different colors and shapes, such as pink, pink and white, are bathed in clear and soft light and shadow, which is no less than an art exhibition on earth. The Mid-Autumn Festival is also the happiest festival for children. Making moon cakes, offering sacrifices, enjoying Yue Bai and eating moon cakes and fruits are both interesting and delicious. Nowadays, people not only like these exquisite moon cakes, but even some people are fascinated by the woodcut moon cakes and collect them as collectibles.

In addition, jiaozi, jasper-like peaches, crystal balls, etc. tied into sachets are all very elegant and interesting in appearance.

Form can't be eaten, but form can stimulate people's appetite. hipsters have long understood the truth of "delicious".

Fourth, pay attention to health and pursue fashion.

Chaoshan snacks advocate nature and pay attention to health. People don't have to worry about eating too much fat and calories while satisfying their food addiction. As mentioned above, the ingredients of Chaoshan snacks are mainly vegetarian, and fish is rarely seen. Some snacks are also added with Chinese herbal medicines and become medicinal diets. Such as mousetraps, shops, etc. They are all snacks made of herbs, which are very in line with today's diet fashion. Not only that, the cooking method of Chaoshan snacks is also very scientific, more light and less spicy, more cooking and less frying. Hipsters also invented a way of cooking with oil, which is the most special way I have ever seen. The method is to boil peanut oil with warm fire, then put steamed snacks into it and cook it with slow fire until it is hot inside and outside. The snacks served on the plate taste like peanut oil, but they are not as dry as fried, which is really a must.

As the Chaoshan proverb says, "eat seasonal fruits" means that you should eat seasonal food. Seasonal food not only tastes delicious, but also can achieve the purpose of health preservation. For example, eating rat koji fruit and cauliflower fruit in the Spring Festival, eating bitter orange fruit in the Dragon Boat Festival and eating Pu Guo Zi in Tomb-Sweeping Day are not only delicious, but also can clear away heat and fire, thus achieving the purpose of "preventing diseases in season".

In recent years, Chaoshan snacks have been reformed and innovated in raw materials and shapes to meet the fashion demand. Add more kinds of fruits and vegetables to the raw materials, such as spinach, Euryale ferox, pumpkin pie, etc. The shape is getting smaller and smaller, so that people can taste more kinds of food without changing their food intake.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The present situation and development of Chaoshan snacks

At present, the current situation of Shantou snack market is that the business forms are diverse, the varieties are complete, and the business outlets are mainly scattered and properly concentrated, which can basically meet the consumption needs of the local market. In terms of business form, one is a simple takeaway shop. It is operated by package stalls, snack bars, food stalls in vegetable markets and grocery stores. They provide customers with finished or semi-finished products, such as zongzi balls, steamed dumplings, crystal balls and so on. Now you can buy it home to eat. Meatballs, casserole, taro casserole, etc. To provide more semi-finished products for customers to take home for processing; The second is the form of take-away food. It is operated by snack bars and time-honored snack bars. For example, beef ball snack bars all over the city are shops that make beef ball soup, beef ball kway teow and take-away beef balls. The old-fashioned "Xiangxiang" snack bar and "Aixi" noodle shop are also this kind of business form; The other is a snack bar, which mainly sells and eats. For example, the Chaoshan Snack Buffet Package in China Travel Agency Restaurant, with 25 yuan for each person, is free to choose. Chaoxiang City is a snack supermarket. Nowadays, it is not difficult for local people to get together at home or abroad and entertain foreign guests to taste Chaoshan snacks.

Although Chaoshan snacks are very popular in Shantou, it is hard to find for foreigners who have never been to Chaoshan. After tasting Chaoshan snacks, many guests in Shantou praised the delicacy of Chaoshan snacks. However, when they want to buy some to take away, they often regret that the store can't provide convenient packaging. Cantonese cuisine, Shanghai cuisine and northern snacks can often be seen in major supermarkets in Shantou, but local snacks are rare. Chaoshan snacks in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities are often not authentic enough. This shows that the level of Chaoshan snack products is low, many operators' ideas are still stuck in the traditional business model of small vendors and vendors, lacking modern marketing concepts, and the publicity, packaging and circulation channels are lagging behind, so it is difficult to get out of Chaoshan, enter foreign markets, broaden business channels and form scale effects.

Secondly, most of the time-honored Chaoshan snacks have outdated business concepts and are unwilling or afraid to add gold and silver to the time-honored brands. For example, the old snack bars such as Laoma Mengzongqiu, Aixi Dried Noodles and Xiangxiang (White Peach Blossom), which won the title of "Chinese Famous Snacks", have simple faces, single varieties and outdated management methods. As a result, the sales area is getting narrower and narrower, and some of them are even unsustainable. How to correctly handle the relationship between inheriting tradition and reform and innovation is an urgent problem for these time-honored brands. "Fu Hecheng Beef Restaurant" is a well-known snack bar in the 1990s. Mainly selling beef series snacks, such as beef hot pot, beef balls and beef ball kway teow. In order to expand its business and occupy the market, 1998, the store took the lead in registering its name in the State Trademark Office, creating a famous brand. At the same time, change the business model and expand the storefront, with hot pot in winter and air conditioning in summer. Adopt flexible and diverse management methods such as selling and eating, take-away food delivery and door-to-door delivery. Due to market demand, business is booming. In just a few years, six chain stores have been opened in succession, and one of them has become the leader of Shantou snack bar. Its business model is worth learning.

Chaoshan snacks have only developed as a food category in recent years. Through the continuous excavation, promotion, publicity and promotion of catering industry, tourism industry and media, the business market has developed steadily and its popularity has been continuously improved. Chaoshan snacks have won honors in the national top snack competition for two consecutive years, and so far eight Chaoshan snacks have won the golden signboard of "Chinese famous snacks". It is reported that the 3rd Chinese Famous Snacks Commendation Conference and Chinese Famous Snacks Culture Festival will be held in Shantou in June 5438+February this year, and the 9th Chaoshan Food Festival will be held this year, including our forum "Eating Chaoshan Food and the World in Shantou". These activities will promote the innovative development of Chaoshan snacks and open up broader prospects for promoting Chaoshan cuisine.