What are the new features of the development of bronze mirrors in Song Dynasty?

According to the published data, it can be divided into reading mirror, dragon mirror, bird mirror, fairy tale mirror, gossip mirror, trademark inscription mirror, auspicious inscription mirror, plain mirror and so on. Each category has different shapes and contents.

Flower mirror: Flower mirror is one of the most prominent bronze mirrors in Song Dynasty. Common ones are sub-glyph, diamond, sunflower, circle and so on. The expression of multi-flower winding in theme decoration. Some take buttons as the center, and four blooming peony flowers radiate from a vine and are symmetrically arranged in four directions, so the composition is simple and realistic. Some of them displayed wide leaves and flowers on the rhombic branches. The rhombic branches are slender and beautiful, with overlapping stems and leaves and elegant flowers. Many ancient tombs of the Song Dynasty were buried with various kinds of reading glasses, such as the tomb of Huizongzheng and the third year in Macheng, Hubei, the tomb of Xuanhe in Hui Zong, Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province, and the tomb of Shaoxing in Gaozong, Jiangsu Province. Judging from the unearthed area, it has been unearthed all over the north and south.

Dragon mirror: it can be divided into double dragon mirror and single dragon mirror. Judging from the information we have seen so far, there are few single dragon mirrors. Shuanglong mirror, there are eight diamonds, six diamonds, sunflower shape, stove shape, handle diamond and other forms. Ssangyong is on both sides of the button, the body is curled above the head, and the hind legs are intertwined at the tail to form a ring. The two dragons looked at the round buttons and treated them as pearls, pretending to be pearls. Yi Long opens his mouth and Yi Long shuts up. There is a three-legged incense burner on the shore below the button, and the waves on the shore are rolling. Regardless of the shape of the mirror, the pattern and layout of this kind of dragon mirror are basically the same, and the characteristics are very obvious. Li Zongbao of Gao 'an, Jiangxi Province in the Southern Song Dynasty for three years? 1255 tomb unearthed side. The other side of the bronze mirror is cast with the word "Jia", that is, "Jia Wuxu" is the second year of Jia in the Southern Song Dynasty? 1238, it can be seen that this kind of mirror was popular in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from the information available at present, this kind of mirror has been handed down from generation to generation, and it has been unearthed a lot. It is one of the most popular mirrors in the Song Dynasty.

Birds and mirrors; There are many kinds of flower-and-bird mirrors in Song Dynasty, but the double phoenix mirror is the most exquisite and popular. The double phoenix mirrors are mostly round, and the theme decoration is generally double phoenix. Phoenix is very big, and its body is covered with mirrors. Many mirrors are rarely decorated except for the twin peaks. The double phoenix is surrounded from beginning to end, shaped like a paper-cut pattern, with delicate and gorgeous wings. In particular, the tail feathers are exaggerated and deformed, some are like three slender vines, some are like a curly diamond-shaped flower, and some are stretched out in a diamond shape. It can be said that the double phoenix mirror is a masterpiece of bronze mirror decoration in Song Dynasty.

Mirror of Fairy Tales: There are many kinds of bronze mirrors with rich contents. There are Flying Fairy Mirror, Fairy Dragon Descending Mirror, Two Immortals Crossing the Sea, Lohan Crossing the Sea, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon Mirror, Moon Palace Mirror and Cowherd and Weaver Girl Mirror. Legends of people have richer themes. Mainly include: Cuju tattoo mirror, dressing mirror, Wang Zhi Guan Yi mirror, Ningqi Fanniu mirror, Qigong figure mirror, He Jiong Qishou figure mirror, memorial figure mirror and Xuanyuan mirror. There are many mirrors, such as Luohan Tattoo Mirror, He Jiong Hand-in-Hand Fighter Mirror, Wang Zhi Guan Yi Mirror, Ningqi Fanniu Mirror, Memorial Fighter Mirror, etc.

See the figure mirror: There are pavilions, bridges, trees, figures and waiters in front of the pavilions. A man on the bridge bowed. At present, there are nearly 10 faces. Among them, it is particularly important to determine the age of the three-year tomb of Huizong Chongning in Xiangyang, Hubei Province.

Ning Niujing: This painting is divided into two parts: land and water. There is a big tree and two people on the ground. One morning glory, waves in the water. At present, there are as many as seven or eight sides known.

Knowing the scenery: This painting also has two parts: land and water. There is a big tree on the ground. Under the tree, there are two players playing chess. Watching the game alone, someone is walking on the shore.

Bagua Mirror: The Bagua Mirror in Song Dynasty has the most diverse forms. Judging from the combination of gossip and other patterns, there is a magic gossip mirror, that is, gossip is organized with Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu. The Eight Diagrams Mirror of the Twelve Earthly Branches (Figure 6), the Sky Eight Diagrams Mirror, the Dragon and Tiger Eight Diagrams Mirror, the Eight Diagrams Mirror of the Chinese Zodiac, the Eight Diagrams Mirror with Eight Diagrams Inscriptions, and the Eight Diagrams Mirror are all outstanding, no matter whether the patterns are complex or simple.

The arrangement of Bagua mirrors in Song Dynasty is still arranged according to the orientation of Yi Lun Gua. The dry hexagrams are all in the northwest, and the Kun hexagrams are all in the southwest ... It is different from the position of the South Dry hexagrams and the North Kun hexagrams advocated by Shao Yong, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, and conforms to the position of the Eight Diagrams. Other patterns are also arranged in strict azimuth order. For example, the four gods press East Qinglong, West White Tiger, South Suzaku, North Xuanwu and Zodiac. Rat North, noon? Manan location arrangement.

The Eight Diagrams Mirror in Song Dynasty comes from the tomb of Huizong Chongning in Northern Song Dynasty 1 104, Huizong Zhenghe in Northern Song Dynasty 1 139 and Shaoxing Jiunian1139. It can be seen that they were particularly popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty.

Trademark mirror: the so-called trademark inscription is to cast a rectangular inscription on one or both sides of the mirror button, and its contents are mostly region, shop, font size, craftsman's surname and so on. People divide the casting areas into Huzhou Mirror, Jiankang Mirror, Chengdu Mirror, Hangzhou Mirror and Raozhou Mirror.

Huzhou mirror: The common forms are diamond, sunflower, square, long strip, handle and so on. There are many kinds of inscriptions, among which Shi Jiaming is the most, such as "a bronze statue of Shijia Town in the south restaurant of Yifeng Bridge in Huzhou" and "a bronze statue of Eight Uncle in Zhen Shi, Huzhou, every 200". According to archaeological data, Huzhou mirror was popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and most popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Hangzhou Mirror: "Hangzhou Hammer Bronze Zhao Zi, the lower bank of Yuezhou Qingdao Bridge opens to the west", "Hangzhou Zhengaojia Bronze Zhao Zi" and other inscriptions.