What operas are there in Wenzhou?

Wenzhou Southern Opera was produced at the latest in Song Guangzong Dynasty (1 193), and it has been 800 years since then. Zhao Zhennv and Wang Kui written by Wenzhou people can be regarded as the "first play". Zhang Xie's champion in Yongle Dadian in Ming Dynasty was also made by Wenzhou people in Southern Song Dynasty. Born in Wenzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jiu San Bookstore is the earliest folk art group engaged in drama creation and performance in China. 1968 Ming Chenghua's Liu Zhiyuan White Rabbit unearthed in Jiading, Shanghai was also written by Yongjia Bookstore Talents. Putting the true story on the stage at the earliest time and using the power of public opinion to urge local officials to "kill Zujie, the evil monk of Jiangxin Temple" is a great pioneering work of Wenzhou people in Yuan Dynasty. Pipa Story is the work of Gao Zecheng, a native of Rui 'an in the early Yuan Dynasty, and it is a pearl in the history of China opera. Its birth pushed China's drama scripts to a brand-new stage from content to form, and played an extremely important guiding role in the development and perfection of China's drama in later generations. The historical advantages of Wenzhou drama can be summarized as the following four aspects: First, Wenzhou people took the lead in creating the "Southern Opera" with the combination of singing and story performance as the main body. This unique form of drama has pushed the expression of China national culture to a new height. Second, Wenzhou people first used the social and cultural group "book club" to engage in drama creation and performance activities, and a number of outstanding playwrights and drama activists emerged; Thirdly, most of the early works of Southern Opera have distinct characteristics of the times and profound social significance, which makes China opera have strong militancy and popularity at an early age; Fourthly, the appearance of Wenzhou Southern Opera, especially the appearance of Gao Zecheng's Pipa Story, has laid a solid foundation for the further development and perfection of China Opera in both content and form. In addition, there are as many as 36 kinds of opera works created by Ryan Hong Ren in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, most of which are permeated with the idea of "patriotism". At the same time, he is also the pioneer of China's allegorical dramas and sci-fi dramas. Wenzhou people are good at making use of the rich historical accumulation. At the end of last century, they started the "New Series Project of Southern Opera" and adapted some classic dramas of Southern Opera. In the adaptation, they paid attention to the application of modern consciousness, which made a number of ancient dramas regain new glory. In 2000, a six-day "International Seminar on Southern Opera and New Series Exhibition of Southern Opera" was held. Let the national counterparts sit up and take notice. The second is the advantage of drama. After the Qing Dynasty, after a long period of screening and evolution, Wenzhou local operas have formed four major operas: Gaoqiang, Kunqu, Ou Opera and Harmony. As far as tunes are concerned, there are positive and negative random playing, harmony tone, emblem tone, beach Huang Tiao and current tune. Foreign dramas include Beijing Opera and Yue Opera. Gaoqiang died young because of its conformism, and other operas basically still exist. For example, Ou Opera and He Opera are all multi-voice operas. There are also some small operas with high tunes in the above two operas. Yongjia Kunqu Opera, which directly inherited Wenzhou Southern Opera, once died out in the development process, but eventually came back to life. Zhang Xie's performance at the first China Kunqu Festival caused a sensation, and there was a lively situation of "talking about eternal Kunqu everywhere". Since then, all previous China Kunju Festival performances of "Killing Dogs and Breaking the Laurel" have won grand prizes. In the 1950s, Wenzhou Ou Opera staged plays such as Gao Ji and Wu Sanchun, and Yang He chose to print them, which was once deserted. In the mid-1990s, the movie "Killing in a Restaurant" won the Best Drama Award and the Best Actor Award of the Southern Film organized by the Ministry of Culture. Fang Rujiang and Cai Xiaoqiu, who debuted in the 1990s, have now become the backbone of Ou Opera and won many awards. Yue Opera is a kind of opera with infinite vitality. Wenzhou Yue Opera Troupe had a glorious history. At the end of last century, the performance of Chai Jing Ji caused a sensation in the whole country, and achieved good results in all previous drama festivals since then. Yueqing Yue Opera Troupe once charmed a group of Yue Opera fans with The Return of Wennu, and Hua Lajiao was once rated as the most popular actor in Zhejiang Province. At the end of last century, it became popular because of a newly edited southern opera "Washing Horse Bridge". Huairentang's once famous Ruian Yue Opera Troupe was dormant, but now it is enriching its strength and preparing to make a comeback. Wenzhou puppet show has a long history, and there are records about puppet show performance during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. In the early 1980s, Pingyang Puppet Troupe's Clockwork won an outstanding performance award in the national puppet show. 1992 "Shui Jin Man Shan" won the National Excellent Drama Award and Excellent Performance Award again. Shi's Song of the Blue Star (later renamed Magic Queling) raised the operational skills of puppet show to an unprecedented height. The popularity of Peking Opera in Wenzhou folk is rare in other cities, and the relevant chapters will introduce it in detail. The third is the audience advantage. Although the audience of drama is decreasing every year, the distance between teenagers and drama is getting farther and farther. However, the theater audience in Wenzhou is a historical accumulation after all, and watching plays has become a part of their spiritual life. Therefore, although the number has declined, it will not completely abandon their familiar national cultural traditions. With proper guidance, the lost audience can still come back. There are more than 20 amateur organizations (box offices) of Peking Opera and Yue Opera in Wenzhou, which have activities every week. Fans of Wenzhou Peking Opera and Yue Opera have frequently won prizes in various national competitions. There is also a European village in Yongjia Mountain area, which is gradually expanding to the surrounding area. Since the beginning of this century, Wenzhou CPPCC and Wenzhou Art Research Institute have jointly organized many drama activities on campus. Wenzhou TV station also opened a special opera channel; The cultural administrative department also gives special support to the relevant troupes to set up weekend theatres. These measures have played an important role in promoting the popularization of traditional Chinese opera and cultivating the audience. The fourth is the market advantage. Since 1990s, with the call of "drama crisis", a drama market has gradually formed in the rural areas of Wenzhou. There are about 60 folk professional troupes that have been touring the rural areas of Wenzhou for many years, and many well-known senior actors from all over the country have come to Wenzhou to perform. The emergence of China traditional opera market has also spawned a new industry. Wenzhou people call them "performers", that is, intermediaries or brokers. Folk professional troupes mostly rely on "performers" to lead the way. More than 65,438+070 "performers" were registered with the approval of relevant departments, and "certificates of rural performance liaison officers" were issued. Due to the market demand, there are also professional households in rural areas who specialize in loading and unloading outdoor stages. They have a set of stage equipment to serve the performance. According to the needs of performers, they can transport the equipment to their destination by car, and it only takes a few hours to set up the stage. The fifth is the talent advantage. There is a folk proverb in Wenzhou: "Ryan is a genius and Pingyang is a player." The juxtaposition of actors and talented people shows that Wenzhou people attach importance to actors. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, outstanding actors in Wenzhou, such as Ye (Pu Mensheng), Yang Shengtao (A Taoer), Qiu Yifeng (Xiao Shengshui) and Gao Yuqing (Da), have been praised by the older generation. Outstanding actors such as Liu Yinsheng, (Peking Opera), Huang (Yue Opera), Chen Camellia and (Ou Opera) are still very popular. Contemporary Wenzhou has won hundreds of awards at or above the provincial level in many artistic categories, such as screenwriter, director, actor, dancer and composer. It is worth mentioning that Wenzhou also has a team of writers who combine the old with the young, such as You Wengui, Yu Zongjian, Zhang Sicong, Zhang Lie, Shi and so on, who have won many national and provincial awards. Since 1980s, Wenzhou has created, adapted and arranged more than 100 plays. In the research of traditional Chinese opera theory, Wenzhou is full of talents. Dong Meikan and Wang Jisi, the late professors of Sun Yat-sen University, are absolute authorities on the study of Chinese drama history. Zheng, Sun Chongtao, Ye Changhai and other scholars who study Wenzhou opera have achieved fruitful results. Discussions on Southern Opera, edited and published by Wenzhou Art Research Institute, was published in seven series in 10, with about 600,000 words, which attracted wide attention at home and abroad. 1987, in 2000, Wenzhou held the "Southern Opera Academic Seminar" twice; In 2007, "Gao Zecheng's 700th Birthday and Pipa International Symposium" was held, and a collection of essays was published, which attracted the attention of academic circles at home and abroad. Conclusion. The five advantages mentioned above can be summed up in only two advantages, namely, resource advantage and talent advantage. The four aspects of resource advantages are external conditions or favorable factors, and whether talents can maintain and develop their existing advantages to the maximum extent is a subjective condition and a key issue in decision-making. Looking forward to the future, we should make full use of the above advantages, cherish history and continue to excavate and sort out excellent traditional plays; At the same time, vigorously carry out the summary, comment and research of superior resources; Intensify efforts to train all kinds of opera talents; Continue to run Chinese opera well into campus activities and cultivate a new level audience; Support folk professional troupes to make Wenzhou truly a veritable "hometown of opera".