How to optimize industrial structure in current assets management of small and medium-sized enterprises

On the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure of small and medium-sized enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a dynamic enterprise.

Economic groups are an important force to promote economic and social development. Small and medium-sized enterprises must conscientiously implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and actively adjust and optimize the industrial structure. Combined with my understanding of Tianjin's economic development status and strategic planning, it is now

This paper puts forward an exploratory understanding of the ways and methods to adjust and optimize the industrial structure of small and medium-sized enterprises, and urges readers to correct me.

First, analyze contradictions, recognize the laws, and enhance the sense of urgency of industrial structure adjustment and optimization.

Industry is the general name of all economic activity groups engaged in the production of material products or providing services according to social division of labor. Industrial structure refers to the organization and composition between industrial departments and within industrial departments, as well as their

The relationship between them is interrelated and restricted. The industrial structure is divided into three categories: the primary industry is an activity with natural existence as the object. The secondary industry is the activity of processing and reprocessing primary products. sequence

The tertiary industry is a labor service activity that delivers products. The industrial structure classified by resource intensity is also divided into three categories: the first category is labor-intensive industries, the second category is capital-intensive industries, and the third category is technology-intensive production.

Industry.

After the arrival of knowledge-based economy, the corresponding contradictions between traditional industries and emerging industries, sunrise industries and sunset industries have emerged, information industry has become the main industry, and creative industries have emerged. The problems of resource plunder and ecological cost transfer in developed countries are prominent, and urban and rural resource-exporting industries tend to decline. An industry that prospered in the past is not necessarily an industry that will prosper tomorrow.

The adjustment and optimization of industrial structure means that the establishment and development of industrial departments should conform to the law of industrial development, reflect the requirements of the times, optimize the allocation of production factors, integrate the effect of resource utilization, and promote sustainable economic development.

Unreasonable industrial structure is a deep-seated contradiction in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, which restricts the development mode and quality of enterprises. At a meeting of small and medium-sized enterprises at the end of last year, Vice Premier the State Council analyzed the small and medium-sized enterprises in China.

The problem points out that some small and medium-sized enterprises blindly fight for prices, labor, resources, land and environment, with low technology and management level and weak competitiveness; Some enterprises are small and complete, small and weak, and their product structure is the same as their main business.

Not prominent, not distinctive features; The growth mode is extensive, the structure is unreasonable, the resource utilization rate is low, the environmental pollution is heavy, there are many security risks, the concept of intellectual property rights is weak, and the protection is weak. Tianjin SME Development Promotion Plan

A strong sense of urgency analyzes the current problems: the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises is slow and their development advantages are not obvious; The industrial layout structure is not reasonable, the advantages of cluster are not obvious, the processing and manufacturing chain is short, and the low-level redundant construction is serious.

Heavy; The independent innovation ability of enterprises is low, and there are few famous, special, new and high-tech products with high added value; The ability of products to adapt to changes in market demand is poor; Emerging industries and technology-intensive industries grow slowly; The development of tertiary industry is small and practical.

Weak strength. Gap is potential. The Plan puts forward that the goal of adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure of small and medium-sized enterprises is to "accelerate the transformation of traditional industries into' specialized, refined, special and new' types. Form high-tech and modern industries based on advantageous industries.

An industrial technology development pattern with service industry as the guide and processing and manufacturing industry as the support, with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption and environmental friendliness. "This idea is very clear.

Second, seize the historical opportunity and establish the basic idea of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure.

Seizing the historical opportunity is to seize the opportunity that the central government regards the development and opening up of Binhai New Area as a major national development strategy and Tianjin accelerates the strategic adjustment of Tianjin's economic structure.

Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have established the strategic thinking, main measures and supporting measures to speed up the adjustment of industrial structure. Tianjin should develop a modern industrial system, promote the optimization and upgrading of three industries, and form a system that meets the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development.

Seek an economic structure that matches the northern economic center and the international port city. Vigorously promote the integration of informatization and industrialization, focus on building high-level major projects, develop a number of advantageous pillar industries and develop a number of large enterprises.

Group and a number of well-known brands, improve industrial concentration, improve industrial technology level, enhance core competitiveness, and enhance development potential. This includes accelerating electronic information, automobile manufacturing, petroleum and marine chemicals, petroleum steel pipes and high quality.

We will build advantageous industrial bases such as steel and high-grade metal products, modern medicine, green energy and environmental protection, develop emerging industries such as aerospace, wind power generation equipment and green food, and transform and revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry with advanced and applicable technologies.

As well as traditional industries such as textiles and textiles, we will promote the expansion of industrial chains to the high end, form more industrial clusters, implement product-oriented asset restructuring, promote the concentration of production factors to advantageous enterprises, and cultivate independent intellectual property rights and market share.

Well-known brands with high rate and great influence at home and abroad have formed more fist products. Tianjin should vigorously develop modern service industry and accelerate the construction of a modern service industry system with high added value, strong radiation and wide employment.

Faced with this once-in-a-lifetime historical opportunity, it will be a historical regret for small and medium-sized enterprises not to seize this important opportunity to take advantage of the situation! How do small and medium-sized enterprises participate in the development and opening up of Binhai New Area? How do small and medium-sized enterprises integrate into the strategic adjustment of Tianjin's industrial structure?

The author believes that small and medium-sized enterprises should first grasp three points in adjusting and optimizing industrial structure.

First, conform to the trend of the times. With the expansion and opening up of Binhai New Area, the world's top 500 companies and large and medium-sized enterprises with competitive strength and management experience at home and abroad have entered Binhai New Area one after another, bringing development opportunities to small and medium-sized enterprises.

To meet, develop space and participate in the test of high starting point competition, enterprises must understand what changes will happen in Tianjin's economic development environment and enterprise competition environment in the future. Every enterprise should think about how I can keep up with the changes of the times.

Only by advancing can we not be eliminated by the tide of development and opening up.

The second is to grasp the laws of modern market economy. The old ideas left over from the transitional economy must be further updated; The hidden rules formed in the transitional economy should be adjusted and changed as soon as possible under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development. Fully understand classical knowledge

How to change short-term behavior should be studied according to the laws and rules of economy, ecological civilization and market competition. How to bid farewell to the passive development situation of "step by step" and "where to go" and focus on upgrading enterprises?

Comprehensive strength, stimulate internal vitality and enhance the competitiveness of sustainable development.

The third is to find the right entry point. Understand the macro-economic development layout, industrial economic development trend, regional economic development policies and environment, and choose the scheme of industrial and product (service) structure adjustment, optimization and upgrading according to the actual situation of industries, regions and enterprises. We should be brave enough to surpass ourselves and break away from the traditional way of thinking, and accelerate the transformation of traditional industries into "specialized, refined, special and new" industries.

Third, change the mode of development, build a development carrier and cultivate a long-term mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

From the overall situation of economic development, the transformation of development mode is mainly to promote the transformation of economic growth from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on the coordination of consumption, investment and export; From relying mainly on the secondary industry to relying on the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of workers and management innovation.

From the perspective of enterprise development, the transformation of development mode is mainly from extensive growth to sustainable development. Change the extensive growth mode of "spelling price, spelling labor force, spelling resources, spelling land and spelling environment" and implement a set of policies.

Contract development mode, taking the development road of "specialization, precision, specialization, innovation and strength"; Seek development by innovation and benefit by management; Implement talent strategy and brand strategy, improve capital operation ability, enhance added value of products, and develop

Advantageous enterprises; Abandon the production mode of high consumption and high pollution, improve the utilization rate of resources, strengthen environmental governance, improve production conditions, and take the road of clean development, economical development, safe development and sustainable development.

In the initial stage, small and medium-sized enterprises lack the ability to integrate resources, and the "bottleneck constraints" of their development are "unable to find developable projects" and "lack of venues and facilities". In the 1990s, Wenzhou, Ningbo and other regions in Zhejiang implemented industry.

Cluster strategy, Wenzhou, Nanjing and other places have 500 or 600 specialized wholesale trading markets and industrial clusters, which have promoted the development and success of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises while upgrading industries and forming fist products and industrial chains.

Very long. With the sudden emergence of various industrial parks in Tianjin, many parks attract investment by tax-free incentives, ignoring industrial clusters, having weak functions in incubating, cultivating and serving enterprises, and lacking efforts in industrial optimization and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Support. This is the gap and the potential.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in the initial stage and development stage have weak comprehensive strength, no credit rating and no collateral for loans. Banks have taken various measures, but no one is willing to finance such small and medium-sized enterprises at their own risk. Growing small and medium-sized enterprises

Enterprises come from small and medium-sized enterprises in the initial stage and development stage. In the initial stage, Huawei also encountered "cold eyes" when applying for loans; When Haier lost 6,543,800 yuan+0,470 yuan, if it wasn't for the loan of several million yuan from the superior.

Do me a favor. I'm afraid I don't know if Haier will still exist today. In the traditional culture of China, the benevolent loves others, and the benevolent "helping the poor" and "loving the rich too much" are not the actions of the benevolent. Provide assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises in the initial and development stage.

Helping is "giving charcoal in the snow" and "releasing water to raise fish", and it is the main body of cultivating market competition.

The so-called long-term mechanism is a long-term and sustainable development mechanism. Cultivate a long-term mechanism for developing small and medium-sized enterprises? Enterprises themselves should solve the problem of "being rich for three generations". This includes conceptual problems, quality problems and institutional problems. External requirements

Solve the problem of "the average life span does not exceed 5 years". This includes institutional, policy and environmental issues. Government agencies, social organizations, finance and intermediary organizations are all cultivators of this mechanism. Metabolism is the law, a dying enterprise.

Generally, there are two reasons, some external, some internal, and some both.

Externally, the state implements the growth project of small and medium-sized enterprises and mobilizes the support of the whole society to promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Helping the excellent and the strong is the icing on the cake. It is understandable for all sectors of society to help small and medium-sized enterprises do well, become stronger and bigger.

Discussion, but just "icing on the cake" is not enough, we must cultivate new stars and flowers. When growth-oriented enterprises or excellent small and medium-sized enterprises only account for 10% or 20%, most enterprises have a hard time. If you put

If this ratio is raised to 50% or 80%, the development situation of small and medium-sized enterprises will undergo earth-shaking changes. Social harmony, ecological civilization and people's prosperity are within reach. It is said that there are millions and thousands of households in the developed areas of Zhejiang.

Every family is different. There are many time-honored enterprises in Tianjin, and it is said that many of them have been lost. Only a few of the existing enterprises are truly big, excellent and strong, and the quality of survival and development of most enterprises is not high. There are systems and mechanisms.

Problems, as well as policy and quality issues. How to establish a long-term mechanism and how to make Tianjin's time-honored enterprises develop bigger, faster and better should be included in the important topic of Tianjin's industrial structure upgrading. Taiwan Province province in the ninth century.

In the past ten years, the government has supported the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with industry, and the government and banks have jointly funded the establishment of venture capital funds and network professionals, and set up more than a dozen venture capital companies, which are specifically aimed at private enterprises that need to grow and develop themselves but lack strength.

Enterprises have invested in equity, and some have also implemented loan assistance, which has achieved remarkable results in supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with industry. This experience is worth learning from.

Fourth, change ideas, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and cultivate the growth mechanism of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

The concept of development is the fundamental view of enterprise development. To change the development view of small and medium-sized enterprises is to firmly establish Scientific Outlook on Development. Every enterprise should think about two questions: why do I develop and how should I develop? compare

For example, taking profit as the sole goal of an enterprise is an outdated concept. Strive for development by fighting for prices, resources, environment, labor, capital and relationships, engage in vicious competition, engage in power and money transactions, engage in commercial bribery, and engage in counterfeiting.

These hidden rules, such as counterfeiting, environmental pollution, fraud, tax evasion and so on, should be changed and adjusted. In the new era, the party and the state require the scientific, harmonious and accelerated development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Facing the reality and thinking about the future, small and medium-sized enterprises should start from four aspects to accelerate their development and growth.

(1) Establish a people-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development. Enterprises are people, and the development of enterprises is the development of people. The quality of products and services comes from the quality and quality of employees. To stimulate the vitality of employees, and constantly improve the quality of employees (including knowledge)

Knowledge, skills, quality, awareness), encourage employees to grow, and promote the harmonious development between enterprises and employees, and between people. As enterprises develop, employees must also develop; On the basis of production development, we must make posts

The income level and welfare benefits of workers have been improved; When creating value for customers, we should not only pursue efficiency and effectiveness, but also adhere to justice and fairness, be responsible to customers and consumers, shareholders and employees, and be responsible to the market and society.

Responsible for ensuring the survival, labor, income, education and cultural rights and interests of employees, paying workers' remuneration fairly, solving social security problems of employees according to regulations, and solving labor safety and labor protection problems in time; In the construction of corporate culture,

Efforts should be made to shape team spirit.

(2) Establish an ecological civilization in Scientific Outlook on Development. Strive to realize the harmonious development between man and nature. Form an industrial structure to protect the ecological environment; From excessive consumption of resources and environmental damage to energy saving and consumption reduction,

Protect the environment and enhance the transformation of sustainable development ability; The extensive growth mode of "fighting for price, fighting for labor force and fighting for relations" should be changed to a growth mode that mainly relies on scientific and technological progress, improves the quality of workers and implements management innovation.

Change; In the direction of production and operation, pay attention to cultivating consumption patterns that protect the ecological environment; Strive to save energy, be an environment-friendly enterprise, and take the development of circular economy as the basic way to save energy, reduce consumption and protect the environment.

Must meet the standards set by the state.

(3) Improve the independent innovation ability of SMEs. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of independent innovation and the new force for building an innovative country. By cultivating and introducing talents, cooperating with Industry-University-Research, introducing advanced equipment and technology, building a technical service platform, improving the level of information application, enhancing the sense of mission, enhancing the ability of independent innovation, and improving the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress and innovation to economic growth.

We should pay attention to the development of specialized (highly specialized), refined (tasteful), special (distinctive), new (with new ideas, new styles and new trends) and excellent (with excellent quality, ecology and services) industries, products and services.

Eyes. Small and medium-sized enterprises adhere to market-oriented independent innovation, and any product structure that has no market or causes backlog should be adjusted in time to eliminate the risks caused by product backlog; While meeting the market demand quickly, we should pay attention to production.

Product upgrade; On the premise of establishing the target market, subdivide the market, strive to meet the individual needs of consumers, pay attention to the development of potential markets, and constantly improve the ability of independent innovation.

It is necessary to develop supporting production and services around advantageous industries, modern service industries or large enterprises, develop one-stop services around characteristic products, and combine specialized division of labor with supporting cooperative services. Efforts should be made to train science and technology-based workers and urban workers.

Industrial, community service, urban service, agricultural products processing service, outsourcing service and creative small and medium-sized enterprises. It is necessary to integrate into the grand strategy and environment of the development and opening up of Binhai New Area, make good use of regional advantages and development carriers, and participate in production.

Industrial clusters, using market mechanism to improve the ability of resource integration, production and production, cooperation and supporting, marketing and service, and improve the overall sustainable development ability of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Small and medium-sized enterprises take the road of independent innovation and do not exclude OEM production, processing, supporting and service for large enterprises and well-known brands. But small and medium-sized enterprises must give full play to the advantages of independent innovation and strive to cultivate their own brands.

Trademarks and patents make the added value high; Do not engage in counterfeiting or plagiarism; Combine introduction with innovation, and advocate building national brands. Innovation means creating new value and providing customers with better and more products and services.

Innovation and development are synchronized, and enterprises develop in innovation and keep innovating in development.

(4) Innovative development mode. Development mode is the unity of enterprise development ideas, principles, mechanisms and ways. There are many things, and development is the premise. Development has goals and strategies. In order to achieve our goal, we must have a good experience.

The implementation of the operation concept depends on people, but it needs system, system and mechanism innovation to ensure it. The core of the development model is how to develop and by what? Small and medium-sized enterprises should learn innovative development models from small to large and from weak to strong.

The experience and laws of successful enterprises are strong, from poor to excellent, but they don't mechanically copy other people's models. Haier, Huawei and Mengniu in China have all created their own development models, and they all pay attention to learning from successful enterprises in the world.

Experience.

Peter drucker, a world management master, constantly analyzes the positive and negative experiences, finds out the rules and tells people how to manage and develop enterprises. Drucker has told the story of Sears Company in America many times.

Rosenwald, the founder of Sears Company, seems to be a shrewd speculator from the beginning. He bought a lot of goods that others sold at a loss, advertised in a big way, sold them in batches, and settled after the transaction was completed.

He made a lot of money, but his business model is not an enterprise or a long-term operation. He found that dealers with similar experiences kept going bankrupt and quitting business, because they had never studied the management and how the enterprise came back.

Things.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Sears Company was founded. The company first analyzed the customers and the market. Rosenwald found that American farmers are an isolated and unique market, unable to reach the existing sales channels for farmers to buy.

Electricity is very low, but farmers still have great purchasing potential. Therefore, Sears Company has created a new sales channel, that is, mail order factory, to deliver a large number of low-priced products they need to farmers to ensure supply. When farmers are cheated,

At this time, you can seek compensation to ensure the quality, otherwise you will get a refund, which was later called "channel revolution" by the United States. The "channel revolution" swept across the United States in the 20th century, which was an extremely important factor of economic growth. Ford built the world's first Hyundai.

I went to Sears to study when I was a car manufacturer. Sears' Gospel (equivalent to product introduction and mail order catalogue) is the only printed matter found in many farmers' families besides the Bible.

In the mid-1920s, General Wood joined Sears Company. When he analyzed the changes in the market, he found that the car has made farmers no longer blocked, they can go shopping in cities and towns, and farmers are no longer a unique market.

People's lifestyles are rapidly approaching those of urban people; With the rise of urban low-income groups, many people began to have the same desire to buy as the middle class. So, he decided to turn the center of gravity of Sears to zero.

Sell shops. After a series of innovations, a huge urban market has been cultivated. Sears is responsible for designing products, supporting manufacturers who can produce these products in large quantities, and making "upper market" products such as refrigerators heavy.

The new design makes it marketable in the "mass market" with limited purchasing power. We added equipment and built 700 retail malls in the suburbs of the city (equivalent to today's suburban shopping centers), providing enough parking lots for shops. western

The Welsh market provides services to meet the needs of farmers and urban population to buy cars. Sears Store revolutionized the traditional retail store and created a new marketing method. Sears became a friend of the farmer.

friends. "

In the mid-1950s, Wood retired and Hauser took over. Hauser believes that Sears is facing new problems and new opportunities. In most cities, driving is already a burden, parking is more difficult, and the car is lost.

Help for shoppers. Sears' typical customer, housewife, is becoming a professional woman. They have to go to work and can't look after the children when they go shopping. So, he decided to change the marketing method again, and then,

Analyze the market and customers, set new goals and establish a new distribution system. Stores all over the country have become the headquarters of sales staff, who accept customer orders. Salespeople may drive a prototype to sell from door to door.

Selling goods and providing Sears products and services in customers' homes has become a new sales system and purchase and sale concept. From customers concentrated in shopping malls, we changed to shopping by catalogue and selling services by order. Sears' principles

Yes: Where there is a market, there is innovation.

This case shows that the industrial and service structure should be constantly adjusted, optimized and upgraded, and the development mode of enterprises should be innovative. The starting point of both is to adapt to the changes in market and customer needs.

The growth of SMEs is a gradual process. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises is unbalanced. The growth mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises is to constantly cultivate vitality, enhance strength and improve competitiveness. The growth of small and medium-sized enterprises must have industrial development.

Exhibition as a carrier, no products and services as a carrier, "three forces" is "virtual work". Therefore, based on the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, small and medium-sized enterprises constantly update their development concepts, change their development methods, innovate their development models and improve their quality.

Develop quality. This is the growth mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises.