Classification of logistics engineering

Logistics engineering is an overall engineering system supporting logistics activities, which can be divided into two categories: overall network engineering system and specific technical engineering system.

Specific logistics technology engineering system

The following major engineering areas can be subdivided:

1, packaging engineering

This engineering system uses various materials, equipment and facilities to form various forms of packaging, and further supports logistics.

Packaging engineering is mainly divided into general logistics packaging engineering and container engineering. Packaging engineering supporting logistics has two main functions: protecting the packaged goods and facilitating logistics operation. Although the promotion and decoration of goods should also be considered together, that is not the main content of logistics packaging engineering.

Container engineering is the product of packaging engineering modernization. Many researchers believe that container engineering is no longer a part of packaging engineering, but can form a system completely independently. Container engineering includes pallet engineering, container engineering, container bag engineering and other container engineering.

2, warehousing engineering

The engineering system uses storage equipment and facilities such as warehouses to make the logistics link of warehousing run according to the overall requirements of logistics.

Warehouse engineering system is one of the most powerful systems in the field of logistics modernization. This is also a key area of automation. High-rise three-dimensional shelf system, automatic access system, unmanned handling system and computer inventory management system are important contents of warehouse engineering system.

3, transportation engineering

Transportation projects include the whole traditional transportation field. From the perspective of modern logistics, the traditional transportation projects have been greatly improved by using systematic logistics technology. The transportation engineering of modern logistics system pays special attention to the comprehensive and optimized combination of different traditional transportation modes besides general highway transportation engineering, railway transportation engineering, water transportation engineering and air transportation engineering, and there are advanced transportation modes such as "door to door", "warehouse to warehouse" and even "line to line". Within the scope of the integrated logistics system, there have been transportation modes and engineering systems such as "hump transportation", "ro-ro transportation" and "multimodal transport" that span different traditional transportation modes.

4, loading and unloading engineering

The engineering system uses all kinds of loading and unloading machinery and equipment to realize the transformation of object movement mode and the spatial movement of objects in the place.

Loading and unloading engineering is often a branch or subsidiary of other logistics projects. For a large number of logistics systems, loading and unloading engineering has strong independence and high technical requirements. For example, container loading and unloading projects in ports, coal ore loading and unloading projects, loading and unloading projects in large warehouses and railway stations, and so on.

5, power distribution engineering

This engineering system realizes the final delivery of goods to users through distribution centers and distribution equipment.

This engineering system used to be an integral part of traffic engineering and a terminal traffic engineering. Because this engineering system is different from trunk transportation engineering in management mode, science and technology, equipment and facilities, and the emphasis on service level in modern society requires the construction of this engineering system to be directly user-oriented. Distribution engineering is an engineering system that has recently attracted the attention of logistics industry.

The importance of distribution engineering also lies in that it is a logistics engineering system directly integrated with e-commerce, so it is more closely linked with the new economy.

Distribution engineering is also a system to ensure the "zero inventory production mode" of the new economic system. The science and technology that distribution engineering relies on mainly includes distribution equipment, network technology and system planning technology.

6. Distribution and processing projects

This engineering system improves the added value of goods and the convenience of logistics operation through processing activities in the circulation process.

The science, technology, machinery and equipment on which distribution processing projects depend come from the production and application fields of various products. Because of the wide range of circulation objects, this engineering system is very complicated.

The more important distribution and processing projects are: cold chain project, raw concrete project, steel plate shearing project, etc.

7. Supply chain engineering

This engineering system has established a new circulation order through the construction of supply chain.

Supply chain engineering is an engineering system that developed countries are particularly committed to at present, and it has also received the attention of China's economic circles.

Supply chain engineering mainly relies on four supporting activities: perfect network information technology, flexible and accurate logistics system, supply chain management and buyer's market economy system. Different supply chains may include all or part of the above logistics engineering system, which shows the complexity and difficulty of this project.

Integrated logistics network engineering system

As far as its function is concerned, it is actually a platform system that supports all kinds of logistics activities and logistics management methods. The platform system consists of two parts:

1, logistics information network engineering

This engineering system supports the management and operation of logistics system and all logistics activities through the generation, collection, processing and transmission of large-scale information. The main characteristics of logistics system are cross-regional, large-scale and multi-node. Therefore, only with the support of information technology and network technology can we solve the problem of logistics system construction. Therefore, logistics information network engineering is an absolutely indispensable means to maintain the operation of such a huge and complex system.

Besides basic management information system, decision support system, inventory management system and bar code system, there are also information engineering technologies such as global positioning system, remote data exchange system and distribution system.

2. Physical logistics network engineering

The final concrete realization of resource allocation must be realized through the real logistics network, which is an important productivity factor to realize logistics, and it concentrates the main equipment, facilities, technology, management and labor personnel of the logistics system. These productivity factors are configured on the real logistics network composed of logistics contacts and logistics lines, and thus cover production enterprises, suppliers and users.

The construction and operation of physical logistics network is the main investment field of logistics system construction and operation, and it also consumes the most manpower, material resources and energy. So it is an area where costs are concentrated.

The real logistics network is the integration of transportation engineering and distribution engineering. In the whole real logistics network, transportation routes and distribution routes are interconnected and cross, and there is a trade-off relationship. How to plan distribution nodes is related to the flexibility and cost of the whole logistics network system.

Physical logistics network engineering is a complex system engineering, and its level reflects the level of comprehensive logistics.