What are the characteristics and development trends of China's transportation structure?

What are the characteristics and development trends of China's transportation structure?

Although China's transportation has developed rapidly, the overall scale of existing transportation infrastructure measures in China is still very small, which can't meet the growing demand of economic and social development for transportation. In terms of land area and population, China's transportation network density not only lags far behind developed countries such as Europe and America, but also lags behind developing countries such as India and Brazil.

The lack of basic transport measures, especially the serious shortage of passenger and cargo transport capacity on the main transport corridors, will adversely affect the healthy development of the national economy.

1. Characteristics of China's transportation structure

From the perspective of China's transportation structure, the proportion of road transportation and civil aviation transportation has risen rapidly, which is closely related to China's economic development and industrial structure changes. The more developed the economy, the higher the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries in the industrial structure, the higher the demand for high-quality and efficient passenger and freight transportation, the higher the mobility, flexibility and "door-to-door" transportation requirements of highway transportation, and the higher the level of road conditions and vehicle equipment, the higher the transportation volume it undertakes will inevitably increase; Civil aviation occupies a place in the process of rapid economic development because of its fast and safe transportation mode. This development trend is basically consistent with the law of transportation development in developed countries. However, due to the unclear understanding of the position and role of transportation in the development of national economy for a long time, the development of transportation is seriously lagging behind.

At present, the traffic structure in China is formed under the condition of serious shortage of means of transportation, and all kinds of traffic modes can only be realized by "walking" in the division of labor. Because of the low price, railway transportation carries a lot of short-distance transportation, and the average distance of highway passenger and cargo transportation is only 55 kilometers and 56 kilometers. Due to this unfair division of transportation, under the premise of market economy, its market competition often shows that it does not occupy market share by improving services, but meets a large number of transportation needs that are not suitable for its transportation economic fairness. The market scope is severe, and blind competition between similar customers and suppliers makes the fair division of labor of various modes of transportation unable to be truly realized.

With the continuous development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, how to determine the nature, scale and development direction of the transportation system and take the road of sustainable development has become a problem that must be seriously considered in the current construction of China's transportation system. The construction and management of transportation system depends on whether the system has a scientific and reasonable planning blueprint, and on this basis, it specifically guides the development, construction and management of the system; Secondly, the rational development of a system must also define the specific nature, scale, development direction and development pattern through scientific prediction and planning, and gradually realize the development goals of the system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the development of China's transportation system, and the dynamic trend of transportation system plays an important role in the development of China's transportation industry.

2. The development trend of transportation in China.

2. 1 traffic planning

At present, transportation planning presents a trend of sustainability, democratization and integration. With the development of economy, people pay more and more attention to environmental protection and have higher and higher requirements for humanized transportation. In order to better embody humanity, people pay more attention to public transportation and non-motor vehicle transportation, and at the same time have new ideas on road classification and urban density change.

2.2 decision-making mode

Expert decision-making, as a rational decision-making, integrates the development trend and dynamic interaction of various behaviors in a series of systems such as people, environment, economy, society and system. In the specific decision-making technology, the corresponding pricing model is established by descriptive means such as empirical rules, expert knowledge and system relationship. At the same time, fully combine democratic decision-making, consider the safety, economy, comfort and convenience of traffic planning in the process of use, and make better contributions to the social and economic system and better serve the people.

2.3 Traffic policy

When it comes to transportation policy, we must consider the following three levels: strategic level, planning level and application level. Although these three levels of transportation policies have different impacts on transportation, they all embody the principles of sustainability, integration and democratization from the national level and overall planning. In the specific planning and implementation process, the traffic policy at the application level can be divided into two categories according to different goals: hardware construction of traffic facilities and transportation tools.

2.4 Traffic management

At present, the development direction of traffic management mode is integration and intelligence. Integration is a new development of traditional traffic management mode under the guidance of holism and system theory, including various modes of transportation, passenger transport system and freight transport system, traffic planning and traffic operation, national land planning and traffic planning, traffic management, traffic control, traffic guidance, traffic system structure, traffic system resources and urban-rural traffic integration. In the development of intelligence, it is reflected in the gradual introduction of computer technology into traffic planning, including traffic management, traffic control, traffic guidance, and optimization of transportation system structure.

2.5 Traffic Technology

The transportation system has set the goal of accessibility, rapidity, safety, comfort and sustainability, and it has been realized under the guarantee of science and technology. In terms of transportation infrastructure, modern science and technology provide the application of new materials, new processes and various intelligent technologies; In transportation, modern science and technology have provided the development of many technologies such as energy, materials, machinery manufacturing and control.

3. The development direction of transportation

3. 1 Intelligent Transportation System

At present, the number of motor vehicles in China has increased sharply, and "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion, frequent traffic accidents and serious environmental pollution are increasing day by day. It is generally believed that the most direct solution is to build roads, but it is difficult to fundamentally solve the traffic problem only by considering a single factor-road factor or vehicle factor. With the rapid development of science and technology, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) with advanced technology and great economic and social benefits is born by considering people, vehicles and roads comprehensively in the transportation system, which is also the trend of transportation development.

3.2 Sustainable development of transportation

The sustainable development of transportation has greatly promoted the development of human society and economy, but also produced a series of negative effects. It can be said that the transformation and modernization of transportation industry is in a vanguard position in the process of national modernization, and its importance and role still need further understanding.

How to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, establish an economical and efficient intelligent transportation system and realize the economic, efficient and sustainable development of transportation is the core of China's transportation development, and also the key to correctly grasp the policy orientation and corporate social responsibility in the future.