What are the main types of ancient painting themes in China? What are their characteristics? What are the representative works?

From the literature records and archaeological excavations, it can be summarized as follows: silk painting; Palace murals; Tomb mural; Stone relief and brick relief; Decorative paintings on lacquerware; Wood carving and wood carving, among which wood carving and wood carving are not common in ancient paintings.

(1) mural

In recent decades, a large number of Han Dynasty murals have been found in tombs all over China. The famous murals are: Buqianqiu Tomb in Luoyang, Yingchengzi Tomb, Zaoyuan Village Tomb in Pinglu, Shanxi, Qianyang County Tomb in Shaanxi, Beiyuan Tomb in Liaoyang, Wang Du Tomb and Liangshan Tomb in Shandong.

Among them, the murals of the Western Han Dynasty in Buqianqiu, Luoyang are rich in themes, including Wang Ziqiao, a fairy with a bird's head and a bird's head, Nu Wa, a fairy with a naked belly, an alchemist, a double dragon interwoven Mercedes-Benz, two sheep, a suzaku white tiger, a double bun kneeling fairy, a female tomb owner riding a three-legged bird, a male tomb owner riding a snake boat, a colorful white tiger and so on.

(2) Silk painting

Silk painting in Han Dynasty has made great progress. In recent years, the physical materials of silk paintings of the Western Han Dynasty have been discovered one after another: 1972, a painted silk painting of the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed from No.1 Western Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, which shocked China and foreign countries. The content is divided into three parts. The first half is "Mourning the Heaven", centering on the snakehead snail, depicting her as a woman with long hair. Dressed in blue, hands in sleeves, sitting on the left side, looking dignified and solemn.

It is enough to make a red snake body, groaning around the so-called ancestor of mankind, showing a series of "heaven" scenes: there are five cranes that are "immortal" and two flying geese that are "swans flying high and flying thousands of miles in one fell swoop". A woman born a month ago was blown up like Lapras. Two animals rattled on the exotic animals. The sun with the golden bird and eight small suns are located in the hibiscus room. Two dragons fly relative to each other, and Xiangyun fills the air. This picture of heaven is really colorful and beautiful.

(3) Lacquer painting

Lacquer painting refers to the decorative painting on ancient painted lacquerware, not the general "painting process". The coloring method in lacquer painting art is very important. Lacquerware unearthed in Changsha is very rich, including more than 80 pieces of lacquer paintings 180 in Mawangdui No.1 tomb and 3 pieces16 in No.3 tomb. In the past 50 years, colorful Han lacquerware has been found in Hubei, Changsha, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Mongolia, China and North Korea.

1973, a painted tortoise shell shield of the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed from the No.8 tomb of Fenghuang Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei Province, with people and animals painted on the front. The man of god is the first man, the man. The bird has well-defined feet, eyes, mouth and nose. It is wearing a wide-sleeved coat and trousers with a cross pattern. The monster held his head high, bent over, spread his feet and ran in the direction of the man of God. On the back of the turtle shield, there are two figures standing opposite each other, also wearing a wide coat and trousers, belts and shoes with a cross pattern. The man on the right wears a long sword and is a real-life figure.