Try fundoscopy to directly visualize these structures.

Answer: fundoscopy allows direct visualization of a portion of the retina. At the beginning of the optic nerve there is the optic nerve papilla, which appears as a round white bulge. The optic nerve disk has no distribution of photoreceptor cells and is called a physiologic blind spot. The center of the disk is crossed by the optic nerve and the central retinal artery and vein. The central retinal artery was first divided into two branches, superior and inferior, and then into four small arteries, superior and inferior to the nasal side of the retina and superior and inferior to the temporal side of the retina, which were distributed to the four sectors of the retina, including the superior nasal, inferior nasal, superior temporal, and inferior temporal. The central retinal artery and its branches are accompanied by the vein of the same name. In the optic nerve disk slightly below the temporal side of about 3.5 mm, a yellow cell, called the macula, is visible, is the most sensitive place of light-sensitive.