How many ethnic minorities are there in Yunnan?

2. Aquarium

3. Achang nationality

4. Lahu (Hu, four tones)

5. Bulang nationality

6. Buyi people

7. Pumi nationality

8. Mongolians

9. Dulong people

10, Jingpo nationality

1 1, Naxi nationality

12, Yi (Li) Yi (Su)

13, Hani nationality

14, Jinuo nationality

15, Manchu

16, Tibetan

17, Bai nationality

18, Yao nationality

19, Yi nationality

20. Naxi nationality

2 1, Hui nationality

22. De 'ang nationality

23. nu people

24. Hani nationality

25. Wa (Sansheng) ethnic group

26. Dai people

Zhuang people

Zhuang nationality, formed by a branch of Baiyue in ancient times, is the most populous nationality in China, with more than 1 54,800 people, including110,000 people in Yunnan, mainly living in Wenshan, and some in Honghe and Qujing. Before 1965 unified national names, there were many self-names and other names of Zhuang people, including more than 40 kinds in Yunnan alone, mainly including "Nong people", "Sha people" and "Tu Liao people".

Yunnan Zhuang language and Guangxi Zhuang language are of the same origin and have a long history in China. As early as the third century BC, the Zhuang people living in Yunnan, Guangxi had close contacts with the people of the Central Plains at that time. Historically, Zhuang people are good at planting rice with abundant water resources, while women are good at weaving and embroidery. The woven Zhuang cloth and brocade are famous for their exquisite patterns and bright colors, and the unique "batik" is also praised by people.

Zhuang people are also famous for singing folk songs, which are euphemistic, rhyming and infectious. Folk songs include ancient songs telling history, "production songs" teaching production technology, "wine songs" and "love songs". Folk songs are mainly "bitter songs", such as "long-term workers' songs" and "women's bitter love songs" Strong pen is also good at dancing, and the long-standing "bronze drum dance" has a clear rhythm and vigorous dance steps.

Sui dynasty

The current population of Shui people is more than 345,900, mainly distributed in Sandu, Libo, Duyun and Dushan counties in Guizhou Province, with a small amount in northern Guangxi. There are more than 7,000 people in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Fuyuan and Yiliang, which were newly identified during the third national census in 1982.

Yunnan Shui people and Guizhou Sandu Shui people belong to the same family, which originated from Luoyue, a branch of Baiyue. Due to the early migration to Yunnan, they were separated from the Shui people who lived in Sandu for a long time, and their languages and customs were different.

Influenced by the surrounding Buyi nationality, Zhuang nationality, Miao nationality and Yi nationality, the cultural customs are similar to those of Buyi nationality. In Chinese, Chinese. The original "water book" was only used by wizards for divination. Marriage is monogamous. Old people are respected.

Achang

Achang has a population of 27,700 and Yunnan has a population of 27,600, mainly living in Husa Township, Longchuan County, western Yunnan, and Shedao and Dachang Township, lianghe county. Achang nationality is one of the earliest indigenous peoples in Yunnan, which developed from a part of the ancient "Xunchuan" tribe and lived in the Nujiang River basin as early as the second century AD.

After the 5th and 6th centuries, some of them migrated to the southwest and settled in Longchuan and Lianghe, which was called "Emei" after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Today, Husa area calls itself Monsa, Monsa Zen and Linsa, while Lianghe area calls itself Hansa and Achang, which was named Achang after liberation. Achang people have language but no writing. Due to the special geographical environment, most Achang men can speak Chinese and Dai, and some can also speak Burmese and Jingpo.

The Husa Knife produced by Achang nationality is famous at home and abroad. Chang, who makes Baodao, is very gentle in human nature. A teenager with a knife will always carry a clover flute with beautiful timbre. On the road, he will play the clover flute intermittently, or meet the right person, and the flute will sound like an owl.

Lahu people

The current population of Lahu nationality is more than 4 1. 1 10,000, including 408,000 in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Lancang, Menglian, Gengma, Cangyuan, Menghai and Ximeng counties. The ancestors of Lahu nationality belonged to Gaiqiang nationality in ancient times. "Lahu" means self-proclaimed, which means roasting tiger meat with fire, so Lahu people are called "tiger hunters".

The ancestors of the Lahu nationality belong to the ancient system, and the language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. "Lahu" means roasting tiger meat with fire, so Lahu dialect is called "tiger hunting nation".

Lahu people like singing and dancing. During the New Year Festival, they danced in groups and stayed up all night.

Brown

Bulang nationality * * * has a population of more than 82,000 people, and Yunnan has 8 1000 people. They mainly live in Xiding and eight mountainous areas in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, and are one of the famous producing areas of Pu 'er tea. The rest are scattered in Yunxian, Shuangjiang, Zhenkang in Lincang and Lancang, Jingdong and Mojiang in Simao. It was called "Puziman" in the Tang Dynasty, "ordinary people" in the Yuan Dynasty, "Puman" and "Bowman" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of which were homophonic.

Cloth (BY)

Buyi people have a population of 2.545 million, mainly living in Guizhou and a small amount in Sichuan. There are more than 34,000 people living in Buyi areas in Luoping and Fuyuan counties, and a few in Shizong, Maguan and Hekou counties. Buyi people gradually developed from Max Loehr, an ancient Yue people and later Liao people. The Five Dynasties were called Duyun Man, and since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been called Bafan, Zhongmiao, Zhongjia and so on, calling itself Buyi and Burao. Buyi people in Yunnan moved in from Guizhou and Kaili, Guangxi.

Buyi women are good at weaving and embroidery, and batik technology has a history of thousands of years, with simple colors and unique patterns, which are deeply welcomed by people of all ethnic groups.

Pumi

Pumi has a population of 29,600, and Yunnan has 29,300. 90% of them live in Lanping, Ninglang, Lijiang, Weixi, Yongshun and other counties in northwest Yunnan, formerly known as "Xifan".

Pumi nationality was originally a branch of frontier strongman and a nomadic tribe in the northwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Around the eighth century, it gradually moved south to Sichuan and Kangzhou. In the mid-13th century AD, tribal leaders led the people to join the Mongolian People's Liberation Army and entered Yunnan with Kublai Khan. Pumi people call themselves "Pumi Ying", "Primi" and "Pemi", all of which mean white people. Also known as "Bo" and "Ba Ju". 1960 was named Pumi nationality.

Courtesy is the traditional virtue of Pumi people. On New Year's Day, they will go to the village and invite strangers to their homes. Because everyone regards inviting guests as an auspicious and happy thing, sometimes there will be warm scenes in which several families compete for a guest because there are few pedestrians. If pedestrians can't get it, please invite people with both ability and political integrity in the village. If you can't get it, go to the mountain and "please" a stone to go home as a guest.

the Mongol nationality

The Mongolian population is more than 4.806 million people, including 65.438+0.3 million people in Yunnan. They live in Mengxin Township, Tonghai County and are divided into five natural villages: Zhongcun, Xiacun, Baige, Jiaoyiwan and Taojiazui. They are descendants of Mongols who stayed in Yunnan during the war with Kublai Khan in the early Yuan Dynasty.

Yunnan Mongolians are good at farming and fishing, and are engaged in boating, transportation and civil construction.

The Mongolians in Yunnan use the unique Tonghai Mongolian language (Kazhuo language). Compared with the language of Inner Mongolia, this language is special, different from the nearby Chinese and Yi languages, and has similarities.

Delong

There are more than 5,800 Dulong people and more than 5,500 in Yunnan Province. It is one of the ethnic groups with the least population in China, and lives on both sides of Dulong River in Gongshan County. In history, Dulong people were called "Xun people" or "people".

Dulong is divided into more than 50 paternal clans, and each paternal clan is divided into several fraternal nationalities. The traditional lifestyle of Dulong people is the primitive production system centered on family commune, under which * * * jointly produces and * * * jointly owns the means of production and living. The head of the household is responsible for handling and coordinating, the clansmen plow the fields, the daughter-in-law takes turns to cook, and the housewives are evenly distributed according to their heads when eating. Friendship and friendship between nations, the road is not picked up, the door is not closed at night.

Dulong people believe in animism. Men wear "linen shorts" and women wear "shorts and long skirts". Solve decorations through exchange. Women use colored rattan skin as hair bands, decorated with silver bubbles, shells and coins, and wear bracelets and beads; Men often wear horns to show that they are good at hunting and brave.

Jingpo (JP)

The existing population of Jingpo nationality is10.2 million, and that of Yunnan is/kloc-0 1.654.38+0.8 million, mainly living in Dehong prefecture. Jingpo people have Jingpo, Gaori, Mengyou, Zaiwa, Langge and Bula branches, and mainly use Jingpo and Zaiwa dialects. According to the historical legend of this nation, the ancestors of Jingpo people first lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, moved southward about 1000 years ago at the borders of Jinsha River, Nujiang River and Enmeikaijiang River, and gradually settled in northern Myanmar and Dehong after 17 century. The Naked and Xunchuan tribes in the Tang Dynasty were their ancestors.

Jingpo people like drinking, chewing tobacco and betel nut. Jingpo people are hospitable and have the habit of sharing prey and sacrifices equally. Clothing of Jingpo nationality:

Women wear black tops, full skirts made of black and red, leggings on their feet, and rattan rings painted with red and black pigments on their waists, necks and wrists. When dressing up, there are many bubbles nailed to the front and back of the coat and shoulders, and silver collars, chains, earrings and bracelets are hung around the neck. Men like to wear black double-breasted coats with short and wide trouser legs, and their heads are covered with black or white in class. Be sure to hang a bag made of cotton and linen and a long knife when you go out.

Jingpo people are monogamous, and women are free to have sex before marriage. Jingpo people believe that everything has ghosts, and when something ominous happens, they will sacrifice ghosts. Some people believe in Christianity. The song and dance celebration of Jingpo nationality is called "the song of eyes and brains", which translates as "everyone dances" Every time we celebrate the harvest of grain, welcome relatives and guests, and have wedding gifts, we must hold vertical songs of different scales, which will be passed down from generation to generation and become a traditional grand festival of Jingpo people.

Naxi (NX)

The population of Naxi is more than 278,000, and that of Yunnan is more than 265,000. They mainly live in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, with a few counties in Ninglang, Yongsheng, Weixi, Zhongdian and Deqin, as well as Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli in Sichuan. Naxi people are related to the frontier branch of ancient nomadic people in China. "Yak Yi", "Momoman" and "Moshai" recorded in ancient documents refer to the ancestors of Naxi nationality. They call themselves "Na", "Naxi" and "Mosuo".

The Mosuo people who live on the shores of Lake Lu in ninglang county still retain the legacy of matriarchal society. Women have a higher position in the family than men, and older or capable women are generally the heads of the family. Men and women don't get married, just walk away. The relationship between the two sides is determined by feelings.

Wazu

The Wa population is more than 557,400, and Yunnan has 557 1 10,000. Nearly half of them live in Nujiang Wa Autonomous Prefecture in western Yunnan, and the rest are scattered in Lijiang, Baoshan, Diqing, Dehong, Chuxiong and Dali Autonomous Prefecture.

Yi nationality is a descendant of the Di nationality, that is, a branch of Tibeto-Burman language family, and its language belongs to Yi language branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

Yi people's costumes are very distinctive. Women wear embroidered tops and linen skirts, and like to wear red and white beads, corals, shells and other ornaments. The man was wearing a short coat, a linen gown, a sword on his left waist and an arrow bag on his right waist. Yi people are good at singing and dancing. Whenever they harvest, get married, hunt and build houses, they will enjoy singing and dancing. You believe in animism and worship their ancestors.

Your people are hospitable and have very special manners. In case of a good guest, the host brings a big bowl of wine, and each of them holds the other's neck and shoulders in one hand to drink "acacia wine". At this time, the hospitable host will quietly tilt the bowl to the guest's side and let the guest drink more wine to show respect.

Hani ethnic group

There are more than 6.5438+0.25 million Hani people, including 6.5438+0.24 million in Yunnan, mainly living in the middle of the Red River and Lancang River. There are more than 20 Hani people who call themselves Kaduo, Nepal and Biyue. After liberation, they are collectively called Hani people.

Hani people have the traditional virtue of respecting the old and loving the young, which is still a common custom in villages. Whenever I meet an acquaintance or stranger, I always smile and greet him kindly. Old people are respected and cared for everywhere. Usually at home, sons, daughters-in-law and grandchildren always give the best food to the elderly and let them sit on the table when eating. At festivals and dinners in the whole village, the first bite of meat should be eaten by the oldest person in the village. Usually, whoever kills pigs should invite the old people to their homes as guests. In front of the elders, the younger generation should not cross their legs, otherwise it will be considered impolite. People are also very concerned about their children, and even they are called "Ahei Gu Ran" (meaning dear brother or sister).

Hani people used to follow the custom of "robbing marriage" left over from ancient times. There are two ways to rob a marriage: one is to organize a group of young men to steal the girl back after the relatives of the man know her, presided over by the parents or relatives of the man, and let them get married without making an appointment with the media and letting both men and women know her.

In another case, marriage robbery is carried out on the basis of free love. Both sides love each other, and they tell their parents their wishes. The man has prepared gifts and invited the matchmaker to propose marriage to the woman's house many times, but the woman's parents tried their best to prevent her daughter from getting married. In order to oppose the bondage of the elders to the freedom of marriage smoke, the children plotted a comedy of "robbing marriage".

Jino (JN)

Jinuo population10.8 million people, mainly living in Jinuo mountain area of Jinghong city, and the rest are scattered in parts of Jinghong and Menghai.

Jinuo people respect their elders. Every village has a "Zhuoba" (the father of the village) and a "Zhuosheng" (the mother of the village) to manage the affairs of the village.

Jinuo people worship the sun, and the vest of Jinuo people is embroidered with the pattern of the sun, which can distinguish the main decoration of the village, jujube backpack, and also embroidered with the pattern of the sun. Sun drum is an important musical instrument of Jinuo nationality, and it is the most representative dance of Jinuo nationality. The front of the sun drum looks like the sun, and there are 17 wooden pipes inserted in the drum body, symbolizing the light of the sun. It is said that Jinuo people knock it on New Year's Eve, which can bring good luck. People's piety and worship of the sun is reflected in all aspects of life.

Manchu

The Manchu people in Yunnan migrated when Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into Yunnan in the early Qing Dynasty. Later, some Manchu people moved back to the north and some stayed in Yunnan. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, many Manchu people came to Yunnan, mainly engaged in handicrafts and urban commercial trade.

In the past, Manchu men wore ponytails and horseshoe sleeves, and women wore wide straight cheongsam. Manchu costumes were popular all over the country in the Qing Dynasty, and now they are the same as Han costumes.

The marriage of Manchu is monogamous. It used to be hierarchical marriage within ethnic groups, but it was relaxed later. You can intermarry with the Han nationality or with all ethnic groups.

Ancient Manchu believed in festival shamanism, which was divided into domestic shaman who was in charge of sacrifice and jumping shaman. In the long-term interaction and mutual learning with the Han nationality in the future, there are more and more people of Manchu and Han nationalities, and there is not much difference in religious culture, living habits and traditional festivals.

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Tibetans currently have a population of 4.593 million, mainly living in Xizang Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan and other provinces. Yunnan is mainly concentrated in Diqing Prefecture, with a few scattered in Lijiang, Nujiang and other places and prefectures, with more than 1 1. 10000 people. Tibetans live in the plateau, where the altitude is high, the territory is vast, the snow peaks are continuous, the mountains are undulating and the scenery is magical and magnificent. Legend has it that Tibetans were originally produced by the combination of "God Monkey" and "Rock Witch". According to historical records, Tibetans originated from the Qiang nationality, an ancient nomadic people in China, and merged with local indigenous peoples to develop into today's Tibetans.

Tibetan people's clothing, food, housing, transportation, weddings, funerals, customs and festivals all have distinct plateau marks. Ciba, butter tea and highland barley wine are daily necessities for Tibetan compatriots. Ciba is made by frying highland barley or peas and grinding them. Buttered tea is made by pouring the tea boiled by brick tea into a long wooden barrel with a length of 1 m, adding salt and ghee, and impacting it up and down with a long shaft to evenly mix its components. Tibetan compatriots would rather have no meat in March than butter tea in a day. Highland barley wine is a kind of low-alcohol wine brewed from local highland barley, which is deeply loved by men, women and children. There are many kinds of meat and dairy products, and many people like to eat air-dried beef and mutton.

Tibetans have their own language and writing, and their culture is rich and colorful. They are a dazzling pearl in the cultural treasure house of the motherland. Its song and dance, music, drama and painting are all unique. The Biography of King Gesar is a world-famous heroic epic, which is not only the longest poem in the world, but also vivid in plot.

Bai (ba)

There are 6.5438+0.6 million Bai people, including 6.5438+0.34 million in Yunnan Province, and more than 80% live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Bai people call themselves Bai Zi, Bai Ni and Bai Gang, which means white.

Bai nationality has a long history and developed economy and culture. In the second century BC, it had close economic and cultural ties with the Han nationality in the Central Plains and was deeply influenced by it. Now its customs are partly the same as those of the Han nationality. Bai people use Chinese characters to write, but they have their own language, rich literature and art, such as the beautiful and moving folklore Wang Fuyun, the snake bone tower, birds hanging on the mountains, charity ladies and so on. Music and dance include "Big Ben", "Bai nationality tune" and "overlord whip". In addition, the "white drama" developed from the "blowing" of classical opera has distinctive national characteristics.

Bai people have a high level of education and a large number of talents. Bai folk houses with "three squares and one wall" and "four in one and five patios" are famous for their rich cultural connotations.

Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)

The existing population of Yao nationality is 2 1.34 million, which is distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. There are1730,000 people in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Hekou, Jinping, Maguan, Funing, Wenshan, Malipo, Qiubei, Yuanyang, Lvchun and Honghe. In addition, there are a few distributions in Mengla, JD.COM and Jiangcheng.

Historically, Yao and Miao have a close blood relationship, which originated from the "Wuling Man" tribe in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Around the Sui Dynasty, the Yao and Miao nationalities living in the present areas of Hunan and Hubei have split into two ethnic groups. Yao nationality in Yunnan moved to Wenshan from Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, it moved to the red river basin and Mojiang, Mengla and other places.

Many Yao people in Yunnan can speak not only their own language, but also Chinese, Zhuang language and Miao language, which has historical reasons. .

Yi ethnic group

Yi people are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces, with a population of more than 6.57 million, of which Yunnan is the largest, with more than 4.05 million. Yi people are distributed in most counties and cities in the province, especially in Ailao Mountain in Chuxiong and Honghe, Wumeng Mountain and Xiaoliangshan Mountain in northwest Yunnan.

Yi nationality has a long history, has its own language and writing, and its folk culture and art are rich and colorful. Its solar calendar and zodiac calendar have their own characteristics. He claimed that there were more than 100 kinds, including Suno dial, Nashu dial, Nieshu dial, Gaishu dial, Sani dial, Ashi dial and so on. After liberation, according to the wishes of the Yi people, they were collectively called Yi people. Yi is Ding Yi's "Yi". In Chinese, there is the beauty of solemnity, elegance and care for food and clothing.

Naxi language

The population of Naxi is more than 278,000, and that of Yunnan is more than 265,000. They mainly live in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, with a few counties in Ninglang, Yongsheng, Weixi, Zhongdian and Deqin, as well as Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli in Sichuan. Naxi people are related to the frontier branch of ancient nomadic people in China. "Yak Yi", "Momoman" and "Moshai" recorded in ancient documents refer to the ancestors of Naxi nationality. They call themselves "Na", "Naxi" and "Mosuo".

/kloc-The hieroglyphs created by Naxi people more than 0/000 years ago and Dongba Scriptures written in hieroglyphs made Naxi culture world-famous. There are more than 20,000 volumes of "Dongba" classics, which record all aspects of production and life in ancient Naxi society. Dongba culture is of great academic value to the study of comparative philology and human cultural history. Naxi people attach great importance to accepting the advanced culture of other nationalities. Today, we can still see the integration of Han, Tibetan, Bai and Naxi cultures from Naxi architecture, music and murals.

The Mosuo people who live on the shores of Lake Lu in ninglang county still retain the legacy of matriarchal society. Women have a higher position in the family than men, and older or capable women are generally the heads of the family. Men and women don't get married, just walk away. The relationship between the two sides is determined by feelings. This unique marriage custom attracts Chinese and foreign tourists to explore its secrets.

the Huis

There are 8.6 million Hui people in China, including more than 522,000 in Yunnan, which is characterized by large dispersion and small concentration. Almost all counties and cities in this province are inhabited by Hui people.

Hui nationality originated in the counties of "Uighur", "Uighur" and "Dashi" in the northwest during the Tang and Song Dynasties. After Kublai Khan attacked and destroyed Dali, Yuan Shizu, he appointed Sai Dianchi, a Hui nationality, as the governor of the province, and then moved in in large numbers. After Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan led the army to capture Dali, many Hui soldiers, civilians and nobles from Central Asia, West Asia and Xinjiang came to settle in Yunnan. The Yuan Dynasty held an important political position in Yunnan, and Ding, who held the military, political, financial and cultural power in the province, was the Hui nationality.

Chinese language is widely used by Hui people. Housing, clothing, etc. It is also roughly the same as the Han nationality. In addition to agricultural production, the Hui people in rural Yunnan also run small businesses and handicrafts, and their production technology is relatively high.

The vast majority of Hui people believe in Islam, follow the religious rules, do not eat pork, eat cattle, sheep and chickens.

Hui festivals mainly include "Eryi" (Eid al-Fitr), "Eid al-Adha" (Eid al-Adha) and "Holy Meeting" (Holy Meeting).

De 'ang (Germany)

The population of De 'ang nationality is over 1.54 million, and that of Yunnan is 1.53 million, mainly distributed in Luxi, Yingjiang, Ruili, Longchuan, Baoshan, Lianghe, Gengma and other counties, with extremely scattered residence. De 'ang nationality, formerly known as "Benglong", began in the Qing Dynasty, and now it is renamed "De 'ang nationality", calling itself. Its ancestors, like Riva and Brown, were all members of "Bai Pu". De 'ang people have a long history of growing tea and are known as "ancient tea farmers".

Due to the differences in dialects and costumes, De 'ang people are also called "Red De 'ang people", "Hua De 'ang people" and "Black De 'ang people" respectively.

Female (female)

The Nu population is 27,000, and there are 26,000 in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Fugong, Gongshan and Tue Township of Lanping County in Nujiang Wa Autonomous Prefecture. In addition, there is a small distribution in Jixi County, Diqing Prefecture. Due to the long-term relationship with Yi people, Nu people generally speak Yi language. The Nu people in Gongshan and Fugong counties are the earliest indigenous people in the area, calling themselves "Along" and "Anu", and they were related to the Dulong people in ancient times. The Nu people in Bijiang county called themselves "Nu people" and were considered as descendants of "Lulu people" in Tang Dynasty. These two parts of Nu ancestors, with different sources, lived in Nujiang Gorge for a long time, interacted with each other and married, and gradually formed a nation.

Nu people are very polite and United with each other. No matter whether you meet an acquaintance or a stranger on the road, you will take the initiative to give way and send greetings. When a guest came to visit, the whole family stood up and bowed. After parting, they will be detained repeatedly and sent to the road next to the village. When a family is in trouble, the whole village will help each other.

Nu people are good at playing musical instruments, and harpsichord and oral string are more popular. When young men and women fall in love, they don't talk in words, but play with two Nu musical instruments, "Da Bian" and "Zhun Li". These two instruments have a wide range and strong expressive force. Young Nu people should learn from an early age. If they are too old to learn, they will be considered stupid and may even find a partner. When Nu boys pursue girls, they first play "Big Beat" in his arms and tell her their secrets. When young women hear courtship, they will blow "quasi-force" to answer. Both sides can ask questions, discuss and exchange views with each other. All kinds of problems from thoughts to production and life can be "played", and the meaning can be understood from the other party's tunes and timbre. It is said that some young people never say a word when they get married, and they communicate entirely by music, which can reflect their uniqueness in music. This unique way of love may be unique all over the world.

Hani ethnic group

There are more than 6.5438+0.25 million Hani people, including 6.5438+0.24 million in Yunnan, mainly living in the middle of the Red River and Lancang River. There are more than 20 Hani people who call themselves Kaduo, Nepal and Biyue. After liberation, they are collectively called Hani people.

Hani nationality has a long history, which is equivalent to Yi nationality and Lahu nationality in the early stage and originated from the ancient Qiang nationality. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancestors of Hani and Yi people were also called "Wuman".

Hani people have the traditional virtue of respecting the old and loving the young, which is still a common custom in villages. Whenever I meet an acquaintance or stranger, I always smile and greet him kindly. Old people are respected and cared for everywhere. Usually at home, sons, daughters-in-law and grandchildren always give the best food to the elderly and let them sit on the table when eating. At festivals and dinners in the whole village, the first bite of meat should be eaten by the oldest person in the village. Usually, whoever kills pigs should invite the old people to their homes as guests. In front of the elders, the younger generation should not cross their legs, otherwise it will be considered impolite. People are also very concerned about their children, and even they are called "Ahei Gu Ran" (meaning dear brother or sister).

Department of Veterans Affairs

The Wa population is 35 1 000, including more than 347,000 in Yunnan. Mainly concentrated in Cangyuan and Ximeng counties, but also distributed in Shuangjiang, Menglian, Lancang and Zhenkang counties. The ancestors of Wa nationality were a branch of Baipu nationality in the pre-Qin period, and were called "Wang Man", "Wang Zi" and "Wang Waiyu" in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, it was called "ancient thorn" and "ha thorn"; It was called "slip" in the early Qing Dynasty. The language belongs to the Waben branch of the Mon-Khmer family of South Asian language family, and there are four dialects.

Wa people are good at carving. In Wa villages, figures or animals are carved on roofs, sacrifices or the walls of public houses.

Wa people are hospitable, and guests toast with water. Wa men and women generally have tattoos. Men often draw flowers and birds, cows and tigers on their necks, chests, backs and limbs, while women draw flowers and plants of various shapes on their necks, arms and legs.

Dai (DA)

Dai population 1.62 million, including Yunnan1.01.40 million, mainly living in Xishuangbanna and Dehong. Gengma and Mengding in Linxing, Menglian in Simao and Xinping in Yuxi are also distributed in more than 30 counties. The ancestors of the Dai nationality were one of the hundreds of ancient Yues, which were called "Dian Yue" and "Shan" in the Han Dynasty. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many nicknames such as "Golden Teeth", "White Dress" and "Vote for Foreigners", but all of them called themselves "Dai", meaning people who love freedom and peace. Dai people can be divided into Shui Dai, Han Dai and Huayao Dai.

Dai people have a long history, rich culture, their own calendar, language and writing, and are famous for their rich folk literature and art. Music, dance, folk songs, folk stories and other stories are full of national characteristics and have a wide influence. Dai people mainly live in Pingba area in tropical and subtropical areas, and many villages face rivers and lakes. At ordinary times, every household has a bamboo building, surrounded by bamboo fences, surrounded by fruit trees and bamboo, and the environment is very beautiful. The surrounding fields are fertile and rich in specialties. Dai people are gentle and love singing and dancing.

Dai people, both men and women, always like to carry a shoulder bag (handkerchief) made of brocade on their shoulders when they go out. The satchel is brightly colored, simple in style, and has strong life color and national characteristics. The patterns are rare birds and animals, flowers and trees or geometric figures, which are vivid and realistic. Each pattern contains specific contents, such as: red and green are to commemorate ancestors; Peacock pattern indicates good luck; The elephant pattern symbolizes a bumper harvest and a better life, which fully shows the Dai people's yearning for and pursuit of a better life.