Principles of political science explain what characteristics the mode of rule has

(1) strong political color. In ancient society, politics and administration were united, and the act of political management with the core concept of ruling was as a subordinate act of politics, and the public ****ness had not yet been fully self-conscious. Governance at this time is basically to serve the interests of the ruling class, and rarely has the color of public **** interests;

(2) the power of governance comes from the supreme ruler. In slave and feudal societies, the theocracy prevailed, and the supreme ruler - the monarch or the pope - was regarded as God's representative on earth, and governmental power originated from God and from the supreme ruler. The holders and exercisers of power ruled from above while bullying and fooling the people, preventing them from rising up in revolt;

(3) The functions of government are all-encompassing. In ancient society, the boundaries between the state and the social sphere were blurred, and the state and society were highly integrated. The state could intrude into society at any time, but social forces also often lacked institutionalized channels for government involvement. The unclear boundaries between the state and society led to a relatively low degree of differentiation of state power, with legislative, judicial, and executive powers united in the government. Government functions are very extensive on the one hand, and low specialization on the other, which makes governance very inefficient;

(4) Single method of governance. In slave and feudal societies, governance with domination as the core concept mainly used torture and propaganda and indoctrination. The rulers used cruel punishment to deter the people on the one hand, and the means of indoctrination to confine the people with religious or religiousized ideas on the other. The singularity of the method of governance was fundamentally the result of the lack of the spirit of equality and consultation in ancient governance.

Reference: Principles of Political Science