What are the research directions of archival science

Master's degree level of archival science is mainly to cultivate in the state organs, social organizations, enterprises, institutions engaged in document management, archives management of senior personnel.

Second, the master's degree in archival science, research direction, research content:

(a) archival basic theory

Archival basic theory research, is the core of the theoretical archives, but also the prerequisite and foundation of applied archival research. The direction of the study of archives and archives management (career) in the basic, macro, cutting-edge theoretical issues, including: archives, the connotation of this social thing, extension and the value of archives, the characteristics of archives, archives and archives management, archives, archives, the content of the academic system, the structure of the archives, archives management, basic theories.

(B) electronic document management

This research direction aims to face the emergence of electronic documents in the documents and archives management, judicial recognition, technical support for a series of unprecedented challenges to carry out a full range of theoretical discussions and innovative research. The main research on the concept of electronic documents, types and characteristics of electronic document management principles, models and standards, electronic document management processes, methods and technologies, as well as the use of electronic documents.

(C) enterprise file management

This research direction in the study of enterprise management activities based on enterprise file management, scientific and technological file management and knowledge management as a research object. It focuses on exploring and researching the principles, modes, methods and technologies of enterprise file management, information management and knowledge management under the conditions of the socialist market economy, and providing enterprises with applicable solutions for file management, information management and knowledge management.

(D) historical archives and historiography

Archives and historiography have a very close relationship. This research direction focuses on the types, distribution, and value of historical archives and their management theories and methods, and conducts related historiographic research on this basis.

(E) archives protection technology

Archives protection technology is an important research direction of the archival profession. This direction of research mainly includes: archive carriers and recording materials structure, composition, nature and durability; environmental conditions on the durability of archive carriers; harmful organisms on the durability of archive carriers and prevention and control; archive restoration technology; modern information security research.

So, in a general sense, what is the measure of archival hot issues of the standard I think the basic criteria include the following.

First, in recent years, relatively more focused on the exploration of cutting-edge theoretical and practical issues in archival science. Academic research is a rule to follow. The construction and development of each science has its own internal contradictory laws. This contradictory law is often expressed through some cutting-edge theoretical and practical issues. For example, after our country entered the 21st century, one of the cutting-edge issues of archival research is the electronic document problem. This is because our country's archives work object has undergone a big change, electronic documents appear in large quantities, and because it has many different from the previous traditional form of archives characteristics, the traditional archival management theory has been unable to reasonably explain and illustrate this new archival phenomenon, more unable to scientifically answer the various challenging management of the theoretical and practical issues raised by it. It is because of the existence of this contradiction between theory and practice that more and more people are concerned about the research in this area, and a large number of foreign archives related results are introduced, while combining with China's national conditions, to organize, assimilate, transform and develop.

Second, the new century archival academic research has a certain orientation and forward-looking theoretical issues.

Thirdly, practical and theoretical issues of public concern.

Second, a summary of the hot issues in archival science

(a) and electronic document management related to the basic theory of the problem

1. Electronic document "authenticity", "completeness", "originality" of the maintenance of the problem. The study of two important management theories -- electronic document management theory and document continuum model theory. Can see "Archives" 2003, the second issue, Fu Rong school, Zhou Lin female "electronic document management in the hot theoretical issues in the research category". These two theories, China's archival community is only stuck in the introduction stage, in-depth research has not been carried out.

2. Front-end control theory. There are many research topics related to this theory. Such as:

(1) archives management of the front-end control ideas;

(2) archives appraisal of the front-end control;

(3) archives centralized process of the front-end control;

(4) archives protection of the front-end control;

(5) archives cataloging of the front-end control;

(6) archives use of front-end control;

(6) archives use of the front-end control. p>

(7) Selection of the timing of the intervention of archivists in the life cycle of documents;

(8) Application of the idea of front-end control of documents in the construction of e-government;

(9) Comparison of the idea of front-end control in the management of electronic documents and the management of paper documents, etc..

3. Source principle issues. Source principle emphasizes the "source **** the same sex", in the process of electronic document management, has been questioned. Some scholars believe that: "the generation of data originating from a variety of different structural organizations has changed the concept of a single source. Electronic computer information systems have transcended the traditional organizational boundaries by which the principles of provenance and respect for totality are defined." According to Terry Cook, "The concept of archival provenance in the electronic age needs to be reconsidered, conceived, and defined to refer not only to the organ in which a document was formed, but also to its purpose, its formative activities, its processes, its handling procedures, and the scope of its functions..." The focus of archivists has shifted from "physical sources" to "conceptual sources focusing on the functions and operations of document-formers in shifting, ad hoc, or even 'virtual' institutions." Cook's "conceptual sources", in fact, refers to the process of document formation and background, that is, the document is who, under what conditions, using what data, for what purpose, using the structure of the formation of such information. Then in our current situation, exactly how to deal with this new concept, do we also have to "conceptual source" of the new view of the source instead of "agency or entity" view of the source

4. The characteristics of electronic documents. Such as "information and carrier separability" problem. Liu Dongbin, Liu Wei's "electronic documents with information and carrier separability" of the generally recognized electronic documents, "information and carrier separability" point of view, questioned. They think: "this view is very different from the facts, completely inconsistent with the facts. Not only is the information in an electronic document not separable from the carrier, but in fact information separated from the carrier would not exist at all."

5. Metadata of electronic documents. David Behrman first introduced the concept of metadata archives, and documents and metadata image compared to the content of the letter and the envelope, the document is the metadata encapsulated objects, metadata plus the content of the document constitutes evidence of the role of the document. Metadata has to maintain the originality of electronic documents, authenticity and credentials of the role. However, at present, people have a different understanding of metadata, the main views include:

(1) metadata is the background information on the document and the structure of the data, is related to the technical information of electronic documents. [ICA]

(2) Metadata is descriptive information about the context of an electronic document. [AUS]

(3) Metadata is structured descriptive and cataloging data about the context of documents and collections of documents and their interrelationships. [UK]

(4) Metadata refers to the data that constitutes the data of an electronic document, such as formatting information, typefaces, fonts, data dictionaries, database descriptions, logical and physical models, system platforms, and software information, etc. All data related to the generation and recovery of an electronic document, which is implicit in nature. [China]

(5) metadata is "automatically recorded by the electronic document system on the formation of the document time, place, people, activities, file system, structure and content of the specific data." [China]

6. The construction and development of digital archives.

7. e-government conditions under the integrated management of documents.

8. The division of the movement cycle of electronic documents.

(II) archival tradition hot spots - continuity and development of rational thinking

1. The relationship between documents and archives issues." Transformation" of the relationship between the discussion." The debate on the concept of "semi-current documents".

2. The essence of the archives and the essential attributes of the controversy." The "original record of history", "preservation of the recordability".

3. The expansion of the concept of archives. Archival concept of the extension of the expansion and narrowing of the debate. He Jiasun is the representative of "expanding the scope", advocating to declare the "registration of incoming and outgoing documents" as "filing" and "to declare all existing documents as archives". According to Huang Cunxun, "we can draw on the views of the archival community in the United States and other countries to extend the pre-archival stage of documents, and take 'entering the museum' as the symbol of the transformation of documents into archives. In other words, the concept of archives should be narrowed down and only documents kept in archives or those which have entered the stage of permanent preservation should be regarded as archives."

4. "Physical Archives", "Oral Archives" Conceptual Controversy.

5. Document life cycle theory is applicable to our theory of the controversy. Some people think: "the theory is not applicable to our country." Because "China does not have the concept of semi-existing documents", and there is no "documentation center". Some believe that the theory is an important milestone in the development of modern archives, is an important theoretical cornerstone for the construction of documents and archives, is an important roadmap for the development of China's archives and change and one of the guides.

6. The controversy over the construction and development of the Document Center in China. Some believe that its establishment will increase institutions and waste of resources, but also with China's documents and archives management theory does not fit. Some see it as the direction of the reform and development of China's archival institutions. Some believe that China already has a relatively complete system of archives, there is no need to change and create a new system of documentation centers. Some believe that both are intermediate transitional document management organization, can co-exist in different circumstances.

7. The construction of the Documentation Center and the choice of model, mode of operation.

8. Electronic network conditions, the fate of the development of the documents center.

9. Documentation movement of the "reflux" issue of the dispute. Wu Pincai put forward by some comrades after the challenge. The focus was on "whether the document movement should be discussed in relation to the physical form of documents".

10. The debate on the theory of archival value. Mainly related to the essence of archival value and the concept of archival value of the formulation of the problem, in particular, "the problem of labor value".

11. Changes in the archives management system.

12. The relationship between the principles and rules of archival work.

13. The problem of classification of archives.

14. The relationship between virtual and traditional access.

15. Changes in the phenomenon of "official culture" in the construction of collections.

16. Ensuring the long-term authenticity, integrity and accessibility of electronic document information strategy.

17. In the information age, the issue of making archives the most widely available information resource for public use.

18. The relationship between archival theory and practice. Theory is higher than practice or practice is higher than theory in our archival research has always troubled us. Some comrades tend to a certain practice does not meet the "archival theory" as a reason to exclude the practice of the emergence of new ideas, new practices; rather than consciously review the relevant archival theory is not still able to guide the practice of solving new contradictions, new problems of character. There are comrades to violate the "Marxism-Leninism" as the reason, one-sided resistance or negative treatment of foreign cultural ideas and advanced document management concepts. Some comrades in the form of rhetoric to create the so-called theory, so that people do not know what to say. For example, some comrades put forward information management, "multi-source, multimedia, multi-semantic, multi-value, multi-temporal, multi-scale, multi-dimensional, multi-category, multi-variable and multi-application of the theme of ......", a breath of ten "more", I do not know what this so-called new concept of practical work of the significance of the guidance

(). (C) the archives of its own basic theory

1. Archival research object of the expression of the problem.

2. The nature of the discipline of archival science.

3. The relationship between archival science and clerical science.

4. Archival research methodology. Such as "dichotomy", "metaphysical" and other references.

5. The impact of modern management theory on archival research.

(D) the problem of informationization of archives management

1. The problem of information management in the construction of archives network.

2. The problem of technical and non-technical factors in document informatization services.

3. Document informatization and effective management of documents.

4. Development and utilization of core information resources of documents.

5. The legal status of online archival information.

6. Archival information network security issues.

7. Core issues of archival information construction. Resource construction: archive directory database and part of the open document full-text database construction; electronic document information resources organization.

8. Management and maintenance of digitized archival information resources. Benefit and cost issues.

9. Archives management informationization era, the role of archivists to change the problem.

(E) archives entity management of the hot spots and difficulties in the application of theoretical research

1. On the storage period of coarse and subdivided dispute. One of the most representative of the "two methods" (into the library, not into the library) and "three methods" (forever, long, short) of the dispute. Some advocate with the life cycle of documents, in phases, on the basis of multiple appraisals, considering the custody period of the division of the problem, each time to two points, and then subdivided within the same file. For example, the appraisal before filing mainly distinguishes between filing and non-filing, the appraisal before entering the library mainly distinguishes between entering and not entering the library, and the periodic appraisal of the archives mainly distinguishes between destruction and continued preservation. In the archives, into the library and continue to keep the file within the file, and then according to the actual situation of the archives to grasp the flexibility to consider whether to sub-divide the specific retention period. Records of the same retention period may be further subdivided according to their importance. The appraisal of the archives before the opening of the records, in the distinction between opening and control of the use of the same time, but also in conjunction with the review of the original retention period.

2. On the storage period of the standard time or not the debate.

3. Debate on the method of archival appraisal. The direct appraisal method has been challenged. In addition, the study of the functional appraisal method and the content appraisal method, as well as the "macro-appraisal strategy" and the "documentary appraisal strategy" are questioned. The "macro-functional appraisal theory" of the question, representative views include: "macro-functional appraisal theory of the theoretical basis is not yet rigorous, and does not provide a practical and effective method of functional analysis"; "macro-functional appraisal theory of the theory of the substance of the theory of the basic theory of the existing", "macro-functional appraisal theory of the essence of the 'entity of the value of the theory' (i.e., the value of the archives is independent of the main body of the existence of the archives with the generation and the generation, regardless of whether the archives (i.e., archival value exists independently of the subject, it arises with the creation of archives, and exists objectively regardless of whether people utilize it or not) as its archival value. The macro-functional appraisal theory, which takes this one-sided archival value as its theoretical essence, obviously has major theoretical flaws. The macro-functional appraisal theory determines the value of a document only from the perspective of the first value, without taking into account the second value of the document, which is a clear violation of the dual-value theory ...". The substance of the appraisal process: the appraisal process is the process of giving value to the document how to deal with the relationship between functional appraisal and appraisal of the content of the archives appraisal of the existence of a "national model" and "social model" of the appraisal of the archives, even if it is not the perfect appraisal decision or appraisal process, but also preferred to the documents of their own destruction

4.

5. Centralized management of electronic documents and distributed management control.

6. Establishment and improvement of filing system.

7. Preparation and application of classification scheme for archival entities.

8. The objectivity of archival classification and the determination of classification standards for the first-level categories.

9. Problems of set and object totality.

10. The problem of entity classification and information classification.

11. Difference between traditional and electronic documentation.

12. Characteristics of archival research in the information society.

(F) archival information management application of theoretical research hot spots

1. civil rights and the current documents open, confidentiality issues.

2. The role of the archives department in the process of utilizing the existing documents.

3. The relationship between knowledge management and archival information utilization services.

4. The construction and development of the service center for the use of current documents and the development of the practice of the traditional archives management theory challenges

(VII) archival historiography research hot issues

1. The origin of the archives.

2. The etymology of "archives".

3. The etymology of "information", "document" and "official document".

4. The problem of "Jung-man" in the oracle bone archives.

5. The content structure of the oracle bone file.

6. The reevaluation of the chain of documents archives.

7. The problem of the main historical achievements of archival theoretical research in China in the 1930s and 1940s.

8. The problem of the discovery of brief archives and their historical value.

9. Achievements and historical lessons of archival education in China before the founding of the PRC.

(8) Hot issues in the field of specialized archives management

1. The definition of specialized archives. Yao Jun that: "Specialized archives refers to people in the social and natural activities in certain specialized areas of the formation of a more systematic, mature and specialized management methods for the management, or some special form, the carrier of the archives of the general term."

2. Specialized archives of the type of division of the problem." According to the specialized files of the derivation and separation of the situation as the principle, the current variety of specialized files into the category of paper archives specialized files, scientific and technological archives in the category of specialized files and special carrier specialized files of the three major categories."

3. Personnel file management issues.

(1) the current personnel file management drawbacks: decentralized management.

(2) Establishment of the National Personnel Records Center.

(3) The problem of unauthorized file building and file creation.

(4) Unauthorized withholding of records.

(5) Unauthorized abandonment of files.

(IX) archives management system construction, standard construction of hot issues.

1. "Archived Documents Organization Rules" discussion. Content related to the abolition of the volume "whether to help maintain the organic links between the documents" rules recommended by the Joint Classification of classification standards

2. "Documentary archives retention period table" discussion.

3. Revision of the Archives Act. Such as the opening period of the archives. Some comrades believe that: "In order to all-round, systematic opening of the archives, the author suggests: do not set 30 years of open period; but the archives from the date of formation of the community, the citizens open."" At the same time in the opening of the time to develop 'security exceptions' and 'general exceptions'."" Another example, the principle of openness of the archives. Some comrades believe that: "the principle of openness of the archives, means that all citizens of the country have the right to use the archives of the state archives documents." And some comrades believe: "The principle of openness of the archives will develop into: all citizens of the country have the right to use the archival documents kept in the state archives (including archives and archives)."

4. The Regulation on Openness of Government Information and the open system of document information.

5. "Electronic Signature Law" and its impact on the concept of modern document management.