What are the main management systems of quality inspection?

1, define the inspection items and quality requirements of each item according to product technical standards;

2, the provisions of appropriate methods and means, with the help of general measuring tools or the use of mechanical and electronic equipment to determine the product;

3. Compare the test data with the quality requirements of standards and regulations;

4. According to the comparison results, judge whether a single product or a batch of products is qualified;

5. Record the obtained data and feed back the judgment results to relevant departments to urge them to improve the quality.

The main management system of quality inspection:

In quality management, we should strengthen the organization and management of quality inspection. In the long-term management practice, China has accumulated a set of effective quality inspection management principles and systems, mainly including:

1, three inspection system

Three-inspection system is an inspection system combining self-inspection by operators, mutual inspection by workers and special inspection by full-time inspectors.

(1) self-check. Self-inspection refers to the manufacturer's inspection of his own products according to the technical standards stipulated in the drawings, processes and contracts, and making a judgment on whether the products are qualified or not. This kind of inspection fully shows that production workers must be responsible for the quality of their products. Through self-inspection, producers can fully understand the quality problems of their products, use their brains to find the causes of the problems, and then take improvement measures, which is also an important form for workers to participate in quality management.

(2) mutual inspection. Mutual inspection means that production workers check each other. There is mainly a next process to sample the semi-finished products transferred from the previous process; Check each other when the same machine tool and the same process are handed over; The quality controller or team leader of this group shall conduct spot checks on the products processed by this group of workers.

(3) Special inspection. Special inspection is an inspection conducted by professional inspectors. Professional inspection is the objective requirement of modern large-scale production division of labor, and it is irreplaceable by self-inspection and special inspection. Moreover, the three inspection system must be based on professional inspection, because in modern production, inspection has become a special type of work and technology. Full-time inspectors are more skilled than production workers in technical requirements, process knowledge and inspection skills, and use more precise testing instruments, more reliable test results and higher inspection efficiency. Secondly, because the production workers have strict production quotas, and the quota is linked to the bonus, it is easy to produce false inspection and missed inspection. It is neither scientific nor realistic to advocate relying entirely on self-examination and canceling special inspections on the pretext of trusting the masses.

2. Double-post system for key processes

Double-shift system for key processes means that operators should also have inspectors present when performing key processes, and technical leaders or user acceptance representatives should be present when necessary. The monitoring process must be carried out according to the prescribed procedures and requirements. The key process mentioned here refers to the process of processing key parts or key parts, which can be the process as the processing benchmark of the next process, or the process in which the parameters or results of the process are not recorded, objective evidence cannot be retained, and it is impossible to check and verify afterwards. In the process of double responsibility system, after the process is completed, the operator, inspector or technical director and user acceptance representative should immediately sign the process documents and record the situation as much as possible to show their responsibility for future investigation.

3. Naming system

Naming system means that in the production process, from raw materials entering the factory to finished products leaving the factory, every time a process is completed, a state of the product is changed, including inspection, handover, storage and transportation, and the person in charge must sign the process documents to show his responsibility. Especially the finished product inspection sheet, the inspector must sign or seal it. This is an important technical responsibility system. The operator's signature indicates that the process has been completed according to the specified requirements, and the inspector's signature indicates that the process has reached the specified quality standards. The signed records shall be properly kept for future reference.

4, quality review system

Quality review system refers to some enterprises that produce important products. In order to ensure the quality, safety and reliability of delivered products or products participating in testing, there are no hidden dangers. The product inspector should check with the personnel of the product design, production, testing and technical departments after leaving the warehouse and before leaving the factory.

5. Traceability system

Traceability system is also called tracking management, that is, in the production process, every time a process or a job is completed, the inspection results and existing problems should be recorded, and the names, time, place and situation analysis of operators and inspectors should be recorded, and the corresponding quality status identification should be made in the appropriate parts of the products. These records flow synchronously with the marked products. When necessary, it is easy to find out the name, time and place of the responsible person, and the responsibility is clear and well-founded, which can greatly enhance the sense of responsibility of employees.

6, quality statistics and analysis system

Quality statistical analysis refers to the statistical summary, calculation and analysis of various quality indicators in production by the workshop and quality inspection department of an enterprise according to the requirements of the superior and the quality status of the enterprise, and report them to the factory department and the relevant departments at the superior level on schedule to reflect the changing law and development trend of product quality in production and provide reliable basis for quality management and decision-making. The statistical indicators of statistical analysis mainly include: the qualified rate of variety spot check, the qualified rate of finished product spot check, the first-class product rate of variety, the first-class product rate of finished product, the qualified rate of main items of main parts, the first-time qualified rate of finished product assembly, the processing rejection rate, repair rate, etc.

7, nonconforming product management system

Qualified product management is not only the quality inspection, but also the important content of the whole quality management. The management of nonconforming products should adhere to the principle of "three don't let go", that is, do not let go until the cause of nonconforming products is found out; Don't let go if you don't find out the responsibility; Failure to implement improvement measures. This principle is an important guiding ideology of quality inspection. Only by adhering to this idea can we really play the role of inspection and prevention. The on-site management of nonconforming products mainly includes two tasks: one is to identify nonconforming products, that is, to paint all products, semi-finished products or parts that are found to be unqualified with different colors or make special identification according to the categories of nonconforming products to show the difference; Second, all kinds of unqualified products should be stored in isolation immediately after identification to avoid production confusion. The disposal methods of unqualified products are as follows: (1) scrapping; (2) rework; (3) repair; (4) It is also called direct reuse.

8, quality inspection and assessment system

In quality inspection, due to the influence of subjective and objective factors, it is difficult to avoid or even happen frequently. According to foreign data, the inspector's missing rate of defects can sometimes be as high as 15%-20%. Inspection error can be divided into:

(1) Technical error. Refers to the error caused by the inspector's insufficient inspection skills.

(2) Emotional errors. Refers to the inspection error caused by the carelessness of the inspectors.

(3) Program error. It refers to the mistakes caused by unbalanced production, overtime assault and chaotic management.

(4) knowingly committing a crime. Refers to the method of measuring and evaluating the inspection errors caused by bad motives of inspectors, which mainly includes:

(1) Repeated inspection is adopted, and the inspectors conduct one or two inspections on the products they have inspected to find out how many unqualified products are in the qualified products and how many qualified products are in the unqualified products.

(2) Re-inspection: A batch of qualified products and unqualified products are re-inspected and inspected by inspectors or technicians with higher technical level.

(3) Change inspection conditions: In order to know whether the inspection is correct, inspectors can re-inspect a batch of products with higher precision inspection means to understand the size of inspection errors caused by inspection tools. Establish standards. Compare with the standard products to find out the defects or errors of the inspected products. Because each enterprise has different ways to assess the quality of inspectors' work, there is no unified calculation formula; Moreover, because the assessment is linked with rewards and punishments, the situation of each enterprise is different, and it is difficult to adopt a unified assessment system. However, we must pay attention to some * * * problems in the assessment, that is, quality inspection departments and personnel cannot contract the product quality indicators of enterprises or workshops; Then it is necessary to correctly distinguish the responsibility boundary between inspectors and operators.