Feng Jicai and folk culture information

Defending the traditional culture of the "bottom of the box" Jiaxing Online News Network 2006年05月1日 09:18:12 悠悠中华五千年, scattered around the ancient villages is a witness to the development of Chinese society and history, is the crystallization of China's farming civilization, is engraved with the light of human wisdom " living fossil". living fossil" engraved with the light of human wisdom. China's villages throughout the nine million six hundred thousand square kilometers, Jiangnan water town of alas Nai, vast grasslands of the smoke, the Oriental islands of the fishing village, the northwest mountains of the family, the Loess Plateau of the kiln, the Northeast of the dense forest of the huts, the southwest of the walled village of the frontier ...... a thousand forms, charming. But with the development of industrial civilization, human production, the modern evolution of lifestyle, many historic districts, ancient towns, ancient villages are experiencing the fate of neglect, or even destruction. These disappearing historical relics, in China's culture, occupies what position, their current situation, and now how to protect and utilize the people? With these questions and concerns, recently Chinese and foreign experts gathered in Xitang, to explore the protection of ancient villages. Among the more than fifty experts and scholars who came to participate in the forum, Feng Jicai, a famous writer and painter and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literature and Art Circles, who is known as "the watchdog of folk culture", and Feng Jicai, who is known for his "scolding" and has been called "the guardian of the protection of ancient cities" by the media, were invited to attend. There is Ruan Yisan, director of the National Research Center for Famous Cultural Cities and professor of Tongji University, who is famous for "scolding" and is called "defender of ancient cities" by the media; and there are also two leading figures of Japanese folklore who came all the way from Japan: Yasuo Fukuda, professor of Kanagawa University, and Dr. Yutaka Suga, associate professor of the University of Tokyo. In addition, representatives from typical ancient villages at home and abroad - Jiangxi Wuyuan, Shanxi Yuji and Vietnam Hue - were also present, bringing more voices to the forum. Let's borrow the wisdom of the experts and try to find a prescription for the continuation of these traditional cultures. Declaration In the morning of April 27, the silver moonlight has just receded, awakening in the ancient town of Xitang is full of vitality, birdsong, sculling sound, pedal car sound, and the wind whisking the willow's whirring sound curls endlessly ...... as "living in a thousand years of the ancient town," the original color. At this time, Feng Jicai and Xitang town party secretary Shen Guoqiang, two people appeared early in the "Ming and Qing Food Generation" on the second floor terrace, to participate in the CCTV Chinese International Channel program recording, the theme is precisely "protection of ancient villages". The second time in Xitang, Feng Jicai is still the same, a head of unruly hair, speak impassioned. In the past few years, he has been for the rescue of folk culture and busy, walked a lot of places, this year he put the focus of protection of the ancient villages, he firmly believe that in the folk cultural heritage and rescue process, the ancient villages are folk culture, "the bottom of the box", so from March 2005 to the present, he has bounced around to visit the ancient villages of seven or eight provinces in the country. He said: "Time is running out. He said: "Time is running out, we do not even know how many ancient villages, how to protect? Therefore, this meeting is held here, hoping to focus the strength of all parties to explore the future of the ancient villages." "Ancient villages are the wealth of the Chinese nation's 5,000 years of farming civilization left to future generations, I don't want our future generations to only see sickles and hoes in museums, that would be incredibly sad." This is his biggest worry. More than one occasion, Feng Jicai with "late" to describe the feelings of Xitang, he also more than once recounted his first visit to Xitang when he happened to meet a detail: "I first went to Xitang last year, the mayor accompanied me to walk along the shore, walking around the day a little cooler, I saw an old lady is supporting the windows! I saw an old lady picking up a stick to close the window, and at the same time taking a flower pot outside the window in. I noticed that there was a butterfly on the flower pot, the old lady picked up the flower pot and gently shook it, the butterfly flew away. Xitang has preserved even the poetry of life, and this harmony moves me." Feng Jicai believes that Xitang's experience is an ecological way of conservation, which continues the original state of local people's life, is people-oriented, and can be used as a typical for other places to learn. When talking about why he chose Xitang as the host of the forum, he said that in addition to the success of Xitang's conservation efforts, he was also moved by the local government's concept. "At that time, I was particularly impressed by two sentences of Xitang town leaders, one is 'for the protection of ancient villages, the responsibility is the government's business', and the other is 'when the economic GDP and cultural preservation are in conflict, we have to keep the roots. ' The fact that a grassroots leader can have such foresight and a sense of cultural responsibility gives me hope." With such hope, Feng brought the forum to Xitang and issued the Xitang Declaration aimed at calling for ancient village protection. He said, "It is necessary to hurry up, otherwise, many ancient villages may be lost before we have time to recognize it." Viewpoint theory The presence of a number of heavyweight experts, scholars, officials undoubtedly add a lot of color to this forum, their intense collision of views on the venue is to rub out the wonderful sparks. Feng Jicai: Ancient village heritage, bigger than the Great Wall "I have always believed that the ancient villages are China's largest cultural heritage, bigger than the Great Wall." Feng Jicai explains his point of view in this way, "In terms of scale, China has 5,000 to 7,000 years of farming civilization, 56 ethnic groups, 9.6 million square kilometers, about 1,600 counties, 19,000 towns, and according to the calculation of 10 administrative villages in a town, we have about 200,000 administrative villages. But not all villages are ancient villages. I originally estimated that there are about 3,000 to 5,000 ancient villages in China. But then I heard that there are 600 to 700 ancient villages in Guizhou's Qiandongnan region alone. So we should have a number in our mind that the number of our ancient villages is at least over ten thousand." He believes that ancient villages should meet the following criteria: long history, rich material and non-material historical and cultural relics, basic preservation of the original village system and distinctive local characteristics. "A village is a container of history and culture; it is a synthesis of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Its architecture, its unique planning of the relationship between man and nature are all part of its tangible heritage, as well as many intangible cultural heritages such as folklore." Regarding folklore, he added, "The folklore I am talking about includes folklore of people's production and life, folklore of commerce and trade, folklore of marriage and funeral, folklore of living and eating, folklore of festivals, folklore of beliefs, and oral culture like myths, stories, proverbs, and ballads. Folk drama, folk art, folk music, folk dance and other folk skills and folk crafts carried by the artists are all intangible cultural heritage of this village." Why do we need to protect it? Feng Jicai answered this way, "Our ancient village has its research value, academic value, witness value, historical and cultural value, aesthetic value, appreciation value, but the ultimate value is its spiritual value. The reason why we pass on our cultural heritage is that the ultimate goal is to pass on the unique culture of our nation, that is, to pass on our national identity, our national genes." One problem he sees with our cultural heritage is that since the reform and opening up, we are faced with globalization, this homogenized culture, which has turned our culture into the same thing. At the same time it is a commercial culture, utilizing what can be a selling point and discarding, or even destroying, what cannot. "This is the cultural crisis of our generation and a dereliction of duty on the part of the cultural people of our generation." "Our intangible cultural heritage started last year, but since there is currently no law to protect intangible cultural heritage, it can only be made into what it is now." However, he is relieved that the authorities are now stepping up the development of relevant laws. Ruan Yisan: Villages are the last "pure land" The name "Ruan Yisan" is not unfamiliar to those who are concerned about China's heritage protection. As an architect, he initiated the preservation campaign for the ancient city of Pingyao in Shanxi Province in the early 1980s, and his most familiar "masterpiece" is the preservation of the ancient town of Zhouzhuang. Under his efforts, Beijing, Xi'an, Kaifeng, Yangzhou, Luoyang and other cities were successively listed as national historical and cultural cities in the 1980s; Pingyao in Shanxi, Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu Province, Lijiang in Yunnan Province and other cities entered the ranks of the World Cultural Heritage at the same time in the 1990s; and, in the 21st century, Ruan Yisan has been urging the ancient towns of Tongli, Nanxun, Wuzhen and Xitang to embark on the "preservation of the original flavor of the town" campaign. "Keep the original flavor, expand the cultural connotation" of the road, leaving a breathtaking "water town" for China. According to Ruan Yisan, the urban construction boom that began in the 1980s has decimated many traditional historical regions. Many old cities in the "old look" at the same time, lost the original characteristics of the style. He said: "the roots of a nation's culture, a spiritual civilization heritage, need carriers. And what we call intangible things, folk culture things, depends on the building and other material carriers. So those valuable material and non-material remains should be protected. For example, the Jiangnan Water Town, we should protect the construction of the Jiangnan Water Town: water into a city, water into a street, water to build houses, neighboring water to build the characteristics of the town, which is its soul." Talking about the concept of "urban memory", Ruan Yisan cited the example of the Shanghai Jewish Reserve, which is a witness to the friendship between the Chinese people and the Jewish people, and is now Shanghai's 12th Historic Landscape District. "During World War II, German fascists brutally massacred Jews, and while many countries refused to accept scattered Jewish refugees, the Chinese people, who suffered from the ravages of Japanese imperialism, kindly accepted more than 30,000 Jews. Blumenthal, who was the Secretary of the Treasury in the U.S. Carter administration, was in tears when he revisited the old country 60 years later, saying to his daughter beside him, 'Remember, without Shanghai there would be no family, and without China there would be no way for us Jews to live.' Why? It is because this neighborhood reflects the loving heart of the great Chinese people and is a milestone in living in harmony with the people of the world. This neighborhood is an important urban memory, remembering the friendship of a generation, which words cannot bear. On the contrary, if the carriers carrying historical information die out, the history and culture loaded on them will inevitably be diluted or extinguished." He scoffs at the idea of equating tourism with conservation: "We usually think of using conservation to develop tourism for economic development, equating conservation with making money." He believes that conservation should not revolve around commercial interests, which are inevitably followed by destruction. "Conservation is not for political achievement, not for tourism development, but for the preservation of our motherland's excellent cultural heritage, the essence of national architecture, and a harmonious environment where man and nature live together. And these are the norms for us to create new towns and new buildings in the future." Taizhi Qingdao: Preserving Living Culture Taizhi Qingdao, UNESCO's General Representative in the Asia-Pacific region, was invited to attend the forum. In his speech, he said that ancient villages are precious tangible witnesses to the historical development of a particular culture, reflecting the evolution of people's cultural, philosophical and aesthetic values. Compared with archaeological sites and ruins, these historical heritage communities are living heritage. According to Taiji Aoshima-kun, traditional lifestyles and value systems are facing serious challenges in the course of rapid economic development, social transformation and globalization. At the same time, traditional buildings and streets are being replaced by modern ones. Therefore, the preservation of the intangible cultural elements of historic heritage communities is as important as the preservation of their material forms. And in efforts to preserve such heritage, it is crucial to raise awareness and promote the participation of local communities in preserving their heritage. He said that China is a country with a long history and civilization and rich cultural heritage resources. While China's economy is developing rapidly, cultural heritage protection is receiving more and more attention, with the ancient cities of Pingyao and Lijiang, as well as the ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun in southern Anhui Province, having been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. He hoped that the Chinese government, non-governmental organizations and local communities would be involved in heritage conservation. In the "China's ancient villages protection" (Xitang) International Summit Forum, Zhejiang Xitang, Jiangxi Wuyuan, Shanxi Yuji, Vietnam Hue and other places on behalf of the experience of the speakers also for the protection of other ancient villages to provide a good reference. Jiangxi wuyuan - the continuation of cultural lineage wuyuan's countryside is known as "China's most beautiful countryside". Feng Jicai is also full of praise for Wuyuan, "the color is too beautiful! Green bricks, gray tiles, white walls, emerald green bamboo forests, golden cauliflowers, blue mountains, red haze, simply like a painting." Wuyuan county government has determined different protection methods according to the actual situation of each village. It includes scenic spot type, museum type, zoning protection type and original ecological type. Because of wuyuan territory emblematic architecture all over the countryside, unique local characteristics of nuo dance, emblematic drama, tea ceremony and other cultural splendor, so the government funded the scattered in the countryside of ancient architecture census, registration, archives, and on this basis developed a protective planning, at the same time set up "wuyuan county historical and cultural villages (ancient villages) construction and management leading group ", also formulated the detailed rural building approval process, in order to inhibit the phenomenon of indiscriminate demolition and construction. In order to enhance the vitality of the ancient villages, the county also specially set up "wuyuan culture research association", the research association set up tea culture, folk culture, ancient building culture, huizhou merchant culture, folk art culture and folk story and so on 9 branches, responsible for the county folk folk folk culture protection excavation and organization. This year, wuyuan nuo dance, wuyuan huizhou opera, wuyuan huizhou three carvings, wuyuan sheyan ink stone production technology and so on 4 folk art selected national intangible cultural heritage. Shanxi Yuji after the ditch ancient village - residential museum after the ditch ancient village with simple farming culture, exquisite architectural culture, traditional beliefs culture, dynamic ecological culture, constitute a complete folk culture system. Especially the exquisite and chic ancient theater, Jade Emperor Hall, Guanyin Hall and so on can be called the "living fossil" of the northern folk culture. After the ditch ancient village in accordance with local conditions, the trend of site selection, choose auspicious and live, emphasizing the harmony of the "idyllic landscape" and "cultivation and study culture". 2005, after careful argumentation on the basis of the local government of the back of the gully ancient village salvage sorting out and restoration and development. At the same time also set up a working group, around the natural form of the villagers' production and life to carry out the investigation, excavation, collation, guidance work, reproduced the ancient village of folk art, unique food culture, special regional festivals, and prepare for the construction of the Farming Folklore Museum. In the process of rescuing and protecting the ancient village, always through the "simple not simple, folk not vulgar" as the main line, in the process of restoration and protection, and strive to show its simple and exquisite architecture, long and simple customs, heavy and traditional folklore, so that the "idyllic scenery, simple folklore, the ancient village style The "idyllic scenery, simple folk style, and ancient village style" will come out. Hue, Vietnam - Harmony between the old and the new Hue is the capital of Thanh Thien Hue province, located in the center of Vietnam. Neolithic and Metal Age relics found in Hue City date back to 1000 B.C., when it was influenced by the archaeological culture of the South and the Bronze Age culture of the North. Thus from ancient times, it has been a crossroads of unique cultures and set the tone of a city of diverse styles and lifestyles. One of the characteristics of Hue is that all the unique art forms in history have been absorbed and utilized by Hue culture, while another important feature is the ****existence and intermingling of court culture and popular culture. Hue is a city but still preserves many traditions formed in history. Therefore, Hue not only plays the role of a diverse city and a historical city, but it is actually a museum in itself, in which there are many touchable and untouchable cultural relics. It's very nice oh