Introduction to church design and architectural design

Churches are places where Christians (Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox Christians) hold mass and other religious activities. Due to the prosperity of Christian Gospel in China, churches in cities and rural areas have been established with the rapid increase in the number of believers, which is a blessing from God to the churches in China and another manifestation of the country's stability and prosperity. So, what should the church design do? The following small series simply sorts out some contents, hoping to bring reference help to everyone!

Usually architects interpret the external and internal meanings of architecture in two basic ways: the expression of different cultural meanings and the display of spatial structure system. There are many specific design techniques for buildings in Christian gathering places, but all designs are undoubtedly pursuing a balance, which exists between unity, similarity and difference.

The primary factor affecting the establishment of the balance of church buildings is the composition of church belief attributes, including Christian teachings, belief principles, theological ideas and church management models. It should be a synthesis produced in the process of historical nonlinear development, which can meet the needs of social history, background of the times and environment. It is influenced by social historical system, social relations, social culture, people and things, but its core values will not change.

In addition, we need to realize that the church building itself has a process of time evolution. In the practice of Christian worship, there are always differences among Hebrew cultural traditions, ancient Greek and Roman cultural traditions, which lead to different recognition of Christian church architecture in artistic innovation and aesthetic development. Similarly, the process of modernization and westernization naturally reflects the localization tendency in the process of adapting to China's national conditions, which also involves the relationship among them. If we can't find a balance point, then the church building can't be coordinated with the background of the times and regional characteristics.

If we put the above two points into the specific process of church design and construction, we should seriously think about how to make church architecture not only inherit the historical roots of faith, but also adapt to the times and society and become an innovative new church.

We should keep in mind that the design concept of church buildings must be based on "adhering to the biblical truth and basic teachings as the main guidance", that is, the functional design of church buildings should focus on the functional requirements required by worship and other gathering customs, emphasize the functions of church worship, preaching and listening, and give consideration to the functions of church social participation and public service.

Therefore, the functional forms of the design plane can be diversified according to the specific terrain environment, and the main functional requirements can be divided into the following three categories:

The first category: churches in cities. Its basic components are: main hall, annex hall, multifunctional activity hall, Sunday school classroom, training classroom, prayer room, fellowship transportation room, choir singing practice and changing room, musical instrument storage room, study room for sale, library, pastoral office, finance room, conference room, reception room, infirmary, duty room, communion room, warehouse storage room, parking lot, etc.

The second category: churches in the urban-rural fringe. Its basic composition: main church, annex hall (also a multi-function hall), Sunday school classroom (also a training classroom), prayer room, choir singing and changing room, conference room (also a reception room), kitchenette (also a Eucharist room), office, finance room, sales study room (also a reading room), warehouse storage room and resident priest dormitory.

The third category, the rural church. Its basic components are: the main church, the large classroom (also the choir practice room), the Sunday school classroom (also the accommodation of Peiling Society), the conference room (also the reception room), the office, the finance room, the resident pastor's dormitory, the lecturer's lounge, the kitchen and the canteen (also the multi-function hall).

In addition, when it is necessary to express the spiritual content in the architectural space, the main spatial layout direction of the church needs to be divided into centralized and combined according to the land use environment.

Centralized: generally, the first floor is used for the attached hall and church activities, the second and third floors are the main hall, and the basement and semi-basement are parking lots. This kind of church is compact in space and easy to use.

Combination: generally, a comprehensive building consisting of an independent main church, a multifunctional activity room and a reception desk is adopted. The space of two different functional requirements is completely separated, and the building structure technology is simple, which can be flexibly built by stages and has less one-time investment pressure.

In fact, whether it is the architectural modeling of the church or the art of Christianity, they are both an aspect of cultural innovation and artistic exploration of the times and an inevitable trend of the development of society and churches. The significance of exploring the artistic appearance of church architecture lies in the hope that in the process of building the church, the identity relationship between Christianity and China society, and the identity relationship between China Christianity and universal Christianity will be more reflected.

At present, the concept of church architecture in China faces double challenges: on the one hand, the cultural differences and diversity of different nationalities and regions make the presentation of a large-scale concept of "China" in a dilemma; On the other hand, how the principle of "justification by faith" is fully reflected in the worship space of the church and the internal appearance of the church building is also worthy of our deep thinking.

Now our church should avoid the concept that "only copying a certain form is a church building". The design of church buildings should proceed from reality, do what we can, and on the premise of meeting the demand of worship function, more consideration should be given to absorbing the architectural style of China and using local building materials to build more Chinese churches that are in harmony with the times and environment. This is not only the task of designers, but also the responsibility of church pastors.

Therefore, it is not comprehensive to discuss the size and position of the "cross" in isolation today, and it should be discussed in the integrity of the church building. At the same time, we should not forget that the value system of church buildings is not only local but also global.

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